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11第三章第三章 英语句子段英语句子段落篇章的翻译落篇章的翻译22三大从句的翻译方法名词性从句定语从句状语从句33Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的事，就值得把它做好。Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时候会使生物学家颇伤脑筋。44 遇到以it做形式主语而将真正的主语置后的句型，翻译时可采用分译、合译或插译的方法。It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to level anywhere near the standards.可以看出，这4种煤的总含硫量仅靠预洗是不能降低到接近标准规定的水平的。55It doesnt matter whether we start now or later.我们现在开始还是以后开始都没有关系。It happened that I had bought the book.我碰巧买了这本书。66I dont remember whether I cried at that moment,but my sister did.译文一：当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我妹妹的确译文一：当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我妹妹的确哭了。哭了。译文二：我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭了。译文二：我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭了。Your assumption,that things will improve,is unfounded.译文一：你的设想，认为事情都会改进，是没有根据的。译文一：你的设想，认为事情都会改进，是没有根据的。译文二：你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。译文二：你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。He is not who he was thought to be.他不是人们过去所想的那种人。他不是人们过去所想的那种人。77 what,how,whether,that,where,whenwhat,how,whether,that,where,when(1)(1)主语从句的译法主语从句的译法主语从句的译法主语从句的译法(2)(2)表语从句的译法表语从句的译法表语从句的译法表语从句的译法(3)(3)宾语从句的译法宾语从句的译法宾语从句的译法宾语从句的译法(4)(4)同位语从句的译法同位语从句的译法同位语从句的译法同位语从句的译法主语从句和后面的成分都不长主语从句和后面的成分都不长主语从句和后面的成分都不长主语从句和后面的成分都不长 顺序法顺序法顺序法顺序法主语长，其他成分短主语长，其他成分短主语长，其他成分短主语长，其他成分短 逆译法逆译法逆译法逆译法二者长度相当且都较长二者长度相当且都较长二者长度相当且都较长二者长度相当且都较长 分译法分译法分译法分译法顺译法顺译法顺译法顺译法在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开处理成含处理成含处理成含处理成含“的的的的”字结构的定字结构的定字结构的定字结构的定语语语语分译法分译法分译法分译法名词性从句名词性从句88 This trend began during the Second World War,This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to when several governments came to thethe conclusionconclusion that the specific demands that a that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific government wants to make of its scientific establishments cannot generally be foreseen in establishments cannot generally be foreseen in detaildetail.译文这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国译文这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国译文这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国译文这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出什么样的具体家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出什么样的具体家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出什么样的具体家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出什么样的具体要求，通常是无法详尽预见的。要求，通常是无法详尽预见的。要求，通常是无法详尽预见的。要求，通常是无法详尽预见的。99定语从句定语从句一、前置法一、前置法一、前置法一、前置法 He is wisest who is honest.He is wisest who is honest.All is not gold that glitters.All is not gold that glitters.We will make no distinction between the We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those terrorists who committed these acts and those who who harborharbor them.them.对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人，我们都对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人，我们都对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人，我们都对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人，我们都将严惩不贷。将严惩不贷。将严惩不贷。将严惩不贷。诚实的人最聪明。诚实的人最聪明。诚实的人最聪明。诚实的人最聪明。发光的不都是金子。发光的不都是金子。发光的不都是金子。发光的不都是金子。供给避难所供给避难所供给避难所供给避难所前置法、后置法、融合法、状译法前置法、后置法、融合法、状译法前置法、后置法、融合法、状译法前置法、后置法、融合法、状译法前置法、后置法、融合法、状译法前置法、后置法、融合法、状译法/偏正、调整偏正、调整偏正、调整偏正、调整偏正、调整偏正、调整1010Try to translate:He who has never tasted what is bitterHe who has never tasted what is bitter does not does not know what is sweet.know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人没有吃过苦的人没有吃过苦的人没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。不知道什么是甜。不知道什么是甜。不知道什么是甜。Space and oceans are Space and oceans are the new world which the new world which scientists are trying to explorescientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是太空和海洋是太空和海洋是太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域科学家们努力探索的新领域科学家们努力探索的新领域科学家们努力探索的新领域。His laughter,which was infectiousHis laughter,which was infectious,broke the,broke the silence.silence.他那富有感染力的笑声他那富有感染力的笑声他那富有感染力的笑声他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。打破了沉寂。打破了沉寂。打破了沉寂。1111二、后置法二、后置法二、后置法二、后置法 两种方法两种方法两种方法两种方法 :（一）重复先行词（一）重复先行词（一）重复先行词（一）重复先行词 Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman,who was now more than conversation with a woman,who was now more than usually usually insolentinsolent and disagreeable.and disagreeable.伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话，伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话，伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话，伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话，这个女人这个女人这个女人这个女人现在异常无理，十分现在异常无理，十分现在异常无理，十分现在异常无理，十分令人反感。令人反感。令人反感。令人反感。The eagle catches the snake that The eagle catches the snake that gobblesgobbles the the toadtoad that that swallows the insect that swallows the insect that nibblenibble at green leaves.at green leaves.老鹰抓蛇，老鹰抓蛇，老鹰抓蛇，老鹰抓蛇，蛇蛇蛇蛇吞蛤蟆，吞蛤蟆，吞蛤蟆，吞蛤蟆，蛤蟆蛤蟆蛤蟆蛤蟆吃虫子，吃虫子，吃虫子，吃虫子，虫子虫子虫子虫子啃绿叶。啃绿叶。啃绿叶。啃绿叶。I told the story to I told the story to John,who told it to his brotherJohn,who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，他把这件事告诉了约翰，他把这件事告诉了约翰，他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰约翰约翰约翰又告诉了他的弟弟又告诉了他的弟弟又告诉了他的弟弟又告诉了他的弟弟。We wish to express our satisfaction at this to We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special the Special Committee,whose activities deserve to be encouragedCommittee,whose activities deserve to be encouraged.我们对特别委员会表示满意，我们对特别委员会表示满意，我们对特别委员会表示满意，我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会特别委员会特别委员会特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励的工作应该受到鼓励的工作应该受到鼓励的工作应该受到鼓励 粗野的，粗野的，无礼的无礼的急急捉住急急捉住蛤蟆蛤蟆连续地轻咬连续地轻咬1212Try to translate:You,whose predecessors scored initial success in You,whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomicalastronomical research,research,have acquired a greater accomplishment in this have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.respect.你们你们你们你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方，而你们现在则在这一方，而你们现在则在这一方，而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。面获得了更大的成就。面获得了更大的成就。面获得了更大的成就。Although he lacks experience,he has Although he lacks experience,he has enterpriseenterprise and creativity,and creativity,which are decisive in achieving success in the area.which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而而而而这这这这正是在这一领域获得成功正是在这一领域获得成功正是在这一领域获得成功正是在这一领域获得成功的关键的关键的关键的关键。天文学的天文学的积极性；积极性；进取心进取心1313（二）省略先行词（二）省略先行词（二）省略先行词（二）省略先行词 He received He received the letter that announced the death of your the letter that announced the death of your uncleuncle.他接到那封信，他接到那封信，他接到那封信，他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了说你的叔叔去世了说你的叔叔去世了说你的叔叔去世了。Try to translate:Try to translate:They worked out They worked out a new method by which production has a new method by which production has now been rapidly increasednow been rapidly increased.他们制定出一种新方案，他们制定出一种新方案，他们制定出一种新方案，他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高采用之后生产已迅速得到提高采用之后生产已迅速得到提高采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。After dinner,the four key negotiators After dinner,the four key negotiators resumedresumed their talks,their talks,which continued well into the night.which continued well into the night.饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜一直谈到深夜一直谈到深夜一直谈到深夜。继续继续1414三、融合法三、融合法三、融合法三、融合法 There is a manThere is a man downstairs downstairs who wants to see youwho wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。楼下有人要见你。楼下有人要见你。楼下有人要见你。We used We used a plane of which almost every part a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identitycarried some indication of national identity.我们驾驶的我们驾驶的我们驾驶的我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志。1515Try to translate:As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her,which As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her,which made her stop dead.made her stop dead.走到拐弯处，她突然想到了一个新主意，立刻停了下来。走到拐弯处，她突然想到了一个新主意，立刻停了下来。走到拐弯处，她突然想到了一个新主意，立刻停了下来。走到拐弯处，她突然想到了一个新主意，立刻停了下来。In our factory,there are In our factory,there are many people who are much many people who are much interested in the new inventioninterested in the new invention.在我们工厂里，在我们工厂里，在我们工厂里，在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。She had She had a balancea balance at her bankers at her bankers which would have made which would have made her beloved anywhereher beloved anywhere.她在银行里的她在银行里的她在银行里的她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎存款足以使她到处受到欢迎存款足以使她到处受到欢迎存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。余额余额1616四、状译法四、状译法/偏正偏正（一）译成表示（一）译成表示（一）译成表示（一）译成表示“时间时间时间时间”的分句的分句的分句的分句 A driver who is driving the busA driver who is driving the bus mustnt talk with mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded.others or be absent-minded.司机在开车司机在开车司机在开车司机在开车时时时时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。（二）译成表示（二）译成表示（二）译成表示（二）译成表示“原因原因原因原因”的分句的分句的分句的分句 He showed no further wish for conversation with He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith,who was now more than usually Mrs.Smith,who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeableinsolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为因为因为因为她现在异常无礼，她现在异常无礼，她现在异常无礼，她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦令人厌烦令人厌烦令人厌烦。1717（三）译成表示（三）译成表示（三）译成表示（三）译成表示“条件条件条件条件”的分句的分句的分句的分句 People become People become desperate desperate for work,for work,any work,any work,which will help them to keep alive their familieswhich will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地要求工作，人们极其迫切地要求工作，人们极其迫切地要求工作，人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，不管什么工作，不管什么工作，不管什么工作，只要只要只要只要它能维持它能维持它能维持它能维持一家人的生活就行一家人的生活就行一家人的生活就行一家人的生活就行。Try to translate:In a dispute between two states with which one In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly,try not to get involved.is friendly,try not to get involved.两国相争，两国相争，两国相争，两国相争，若若若若与之相友好，则力避卷入。与之相友好，则力避卷入。与之相友好，则力避卷入。与之相友好，则力避卷入。拼命的；拼命的；非常的非常的1818（四）译成表示（四）译成表示（四）译成表示（四）译成表示“让步让步让步让步”的分句的分句的分句的分句 He insisted on buying He insisted on buying another house,which he had no use another house,which he had no use forfor 尽管尽管尽管尽管他并没有这样的需要他并没有这样的需要他并没有这样的需要他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。，他坚持要再买一幢房子。，他坚持要再买一幢房子。，他坚持要再买一幢房子。（五）译成表示（五）译成表示（五）译成表示（五）译成表示“目的目的目的目的”的分句的分句的分句的分句 He wishes to writeHe wishes to write an article that will attract the public an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.attention to the matter.为了为了为了为了引起公众对这一事件的注意引起公众对这一事件的注意引起公众对这一事件的注意引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。，他想写一篇文章。，他想写一篇文章。，他想写一篇文章。He is collecting He is collecting authenticauthentic material that proves his material that proves his argumentargument.为了为了为了为了证明他的论点证明他的论点证明他的论点证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料以。，他正在收集确凿的材料以。，他正在收集确凿的材料以。，他正在收集确凿的材料以。可靠的；可靠的；有根据的有根据的1919（六）译成表示（六）译成表示（六）译成表示（六）译成表示“结果结果结果结果”的分句的分句的分句的分句 They tried to They tried to stamp outstamp out the the revoltrevolt,which spread all the,which spread all the more furiously throughout the countrymore furiously throughout the country.他们企图镇压反抗，他们企图镇压反抗，他们企图镇压反抗，他们企图镇压反抗，结果结果结果结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。（七）译成表示（七）译成表示（七）译成表示（七）译成表示“转折转折转折转折”的分句的分句的分句的分句 She was very patient towards the children,She was very patient towards the children,which her which her husband seldom washusband seldom was.她对孩子们很有耐心，她对孩子们很有耐心，她对孩子们很有耐心，她对孩子们很有耐心，而而而而她丈夫却很少这样她丈夫却很少这样她丈夫却很少这样她丈夫却很少这样。镇压；镇压；消灭消灭叛乱叛乱2020五、调整五、调整五、调整五、调整 They remarked now he took a different seat from that They remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine divine worshipworship.他往常做礼拜时总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐老位他往常做礼拜时总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐老位他往常做礼拜时总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐老位他往常做礼拜时总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐老位置了。置了。置了。置了。Try to translate:Try to translate:The sun,which had hidden all day,now came out in all its The sun,which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor.splendor.太阳整天都躲在云层里，现在露面了，光芒四射。太阳整天都躲在云层里，现在露面了，光芒四射。太阳整天都躲在云层里，现在露面了，光芒四射。太阳整天都躲在云层里，现在露面了，光芒四射。神的；神的；神圣的神圣的礼拜礼拜2121状语从句状语从句状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等各种从状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等各种从句，位置灵活，放在主句的前面、后面或中间都可以。句，位置灵活，放在主句的前面、后面或中间都可以。（1）时间状语从句）时间状语从句When you apply for a job,you must present your resume.译文：当你应聘一份工作时，必须提交简历。译文：当你应聘一份工作时，必须提交简历。Michael used to look hurt and surprised when scolded.译文：麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶。译文：麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶。2222As soon as I have finished it,Ill give you a call.译文：译文：我一做完就给你电话。（一就）Until you told me,I had heard nothing of what happened.译文：译文：一直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。（直到才）2323（2）原因状语从句）原因状语从句He threw off his coat because he felt hot.译文：他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。译文：他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day,as it always reminds me of my university days in London.译文：我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，译文：我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因为它总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。因为它总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。2424（3）条件状语从句）条件状语从句You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you dont mind taking the night train.译文：如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北京译文：如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北京去参加那次会议。去参加那次会议。If I were you,I would not go.译文：我要是你我就不去。译文：我要是你我就不去。If punished,they will not cooperate.译文：他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。译文：他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。2525（4）让步状语从句）让步状语从句Ive already told you that Im going to buy it,however much it costs.译文：已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打译文：已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算买它。算买它。Even if the calculation is right,scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.译文：即使计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定译文：即使计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了它们。了它们。2626（5）目的状语从句）目的状语从句I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment.译文：有人劝我投保，以防治病之需。译文：有人劝我投保，以防治病之需。I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go traveling.译文：我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅译文：我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅游。游。2727（6）其他状语从句）其他状语从句They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.译文：通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了。译文：通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了。In the course of a day,students do far more than just attend classes.译文：在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。译文：在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed.译文：周密的调查已经表明：多达译文：周密的调查已经表明：多达50%的病人没有按照的病人没有按照医嘱服药。医嘱服药。2828Translating long English sentences involves not only a mixed application of various techniques but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences.That is to say,on the one hand,to achieve accurate comprehension a translator should take pains to decode the logical sequence of a long sentence in addition to its grammatical relation.on the other,to achieve appropriate reproduction a translator should make no less efforts to rearrange various parts according to the Chinese way of thinking than to apply translation techniques.英语长句的翻译英语长句的翻译29291.Features of Long English SentencesThe basic structures of long English sentences are as follows:S+V,S+V+P,S+V+O,S+V+o+O,and S+V+O+C as mainstays,with words,phrases,or clauses as members of sentences,then join,directly or indirectly,various kinds of nexuses composed of words,phrases,or clauses as modifiers,to the mainstays of the basic structures.英语长句的翻译英语长句的翻译30302.Features of Chinese Equivalents to Long English SentencesWe Chinese like to build our sentences in chronological order(流水纪事法流水纪事法).In other words,we usually arrange our ideas according to temporal or logical sequences:earlier actions later actions 由先到后由先到后specific general 由具体到一般由具体到一般cause effect 由因到果由因到果phenomena nature 由现象到本质由现象到本质condition(concession)facts 由条件（让步）到由条件（让步）到事实事实facts conclusion由事实到结论由事实到结论31313.Common Ways to Translate Long Sentences(长长句的常用译法句的常用译法)The following are the major steps to translate a long sentences:Step 1 Find out the basic pattern(查明基本句型查明基本句型)：SV,SVP,SVO,SVoO,SVOC?Step 2 Find out the subordination(查明从属结构查明从属结构)：modifier or the modified?Step 3 Find out the meanings of words(查明词义查明词义)：meaning in a given context?3232 Step 4 Find out the grammatical relations(查明查明语法关系语法关系)：tense,aspect,voice,mood,etc.?Step 5 Find out the focus,temporal or logical sequences(查明重心，时间或逻辑顺序查明重心，时间或逻辑顺序)Step 6 (Re)arrange various parts according to Chinese ways of thinking and modes of expression(按照中国人的思维方式和表达习惯，安排或按照中国人的思维方式和表达习惯，安排或调整语序调整语序)Step 7 Revise,modify and polish the draft(修订、修订、润饰初稿润饰初稿)3333英语长句的翻译英语长句的翻译1)1)英语长句的分析英语长句的分析英语长句的分析英语长句的分析 造成长句的原因有三方面造成长句的原因有三方面造成长句的原因有三方面造成长句的原因有三方面:(1):(1)修饰语过多修饰语过多修饰语过多修饰语过多;(2);(2)并列成分并列成分并列成分并列成分多多多多;(3);(3)语言结构层次多。语言结构层次多。语言结构层次多。语言结构层次多。3434 采用的方法采用的方法采用的方法采用的方法:(1)(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,从整体上把握句子的结从整体上把握句子的结从整体上把握句子的结从整体上把握句子的结构。构。构。构。(2)(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。句的引导词。句的引导词。句的引导词。(3)(3)分析从句和短语的功能分析从句和短语的功能分析从句和短语的功能分析从句和短语的功能,例如例如例如例如,是否为主语从句是否为主语从句是否为主语从句是否为主语从句,宾语从宾语从宾语从宾语从句句句句,表语从句等表语从句等表语从句等表语从句等,若是状语若是状语若是状语若是状语,它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等表示条件等等表示条件等等表示条件等等)。(4)(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系,例如例如例如例如,定语从句所定语从句所定语从句所定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。修饰的先行词是哪一个等。修饰的先行词是哪一个等。修饰的先行词是哪一个等。(5)(5)注意插入语等其他成分。注意插入语等其他成分。注意插入语等其他成分。注意插入语等其他成分。(6)(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。3535Try to translate:例例例例1.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is 1.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many raised in an environment where there are many stimuli stimuli which develop his or her capacity for which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.intellectual development.译文行为主义者的看法是：译文行为主义者的看法是：译文行为主义者的看法是：译文行为主义者的看法是：如果如果如果如果一个儿童在有许一个儿童在有许一个儿童在有许一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而多刺激物的环境中成长，而多刺激物的环境中成长，而多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物这些刺激物这些刺激物这些刺激物又能够发展其适应又能够发展其适应又能够发展其适应又能够发展其适应反应能力的话，反应能力的话，反应能力的话，反应能力的话，那么那么那么那么这个儿童在智力方面将会得到更大的这个儿童在智力方面将会得到更大的这个儿童在智力方面将会得到更大的这个儿童在智力方面将会得到更大的发展。发展。发展。发展。刺激物；刺激物；激励激励3636 例例例例2.For a family of four,for example,2.For a family of four,for example,it is more it is more convenient as well as cheaperconvenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably to sit comfortably at home,with almost unlimited entertainment at home,with almost unlimited entertainment available,available,thanthan to go out in search of amusement to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.elsewhere.譬如譬如譬如譬如,对于一个四口之家来说对于一个四口之家来说对于一个四口之家来说对于一个四口之家来说,舒舒服服地在家中看电视舒舒服服地在家中看电视舒舒服服地在家中看电视舒舒服服地在家中看电视,就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目,这比到外面别的地方去这比到外面别的地方去这比到外面别的地方去这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。消遣又便宜又方便。消遣又便宜又方便。消遣又便宜又方便。3737二、长句的翻译方法二、长句的翻译方法(1)顺序法顺序法例例例例1.Even when we turn off the beside 1.Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us,driving our refrigerators,working for us,driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.air-conditioned.即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时,电电电电仍在为我们工作仍在为我们工作仍在为我们工作仍在为我们工作:帮我们开动电冰箱帮我们开动电冰箱帮我们开动电冰箱帮我们开动电冰箱,把水加热把水加热把水加热把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。或使室内空调机继续运转。或使室内空调机继续运转。或使室内空调机继续运转。3838例例例例2.But now it is realized that supplies of 2.But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited,and it is even some of them are limited,and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of possible to give a reasonable estimate of their“expectation of life”,the time it will their“expectation of life”,the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.reserves of these materials.可是现在人们意识到可是现在人们意识到可是现在人们意识到可是现在人们意识到,其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的有限的有限的有限的,人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质物质物质物质“可望存在多少年可望存在多少年可望存在多少年可望存在多少年”,也就是说也就是说也就是说也就是说,经过若干年后经过若干年后经过若干年后经过若干年后,这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。3939Translate:Translate:1.Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were 1.Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.imposed by the male-dominated culture.在在在在2020世纪以前世纪以前世纪以前世纪以前,小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点特点特点特点,因而无法成为具有个性的人因而无法成为具有个性的人因而无法成为具有个性的人因而无法成为具有个性的人;他们还要屈从于由男性主他们还要屈从于由男性主他们还要屈从于由男性主他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。2.This method of using“controls”can be applied to a variety 2.This method of using“controls”can be applied to a variety of situations,and can be used to find the answer to questions of situations,and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as“Must moisture be present if iron is to as widely different as“Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?”and“Which variety of beans gives the greates
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