白-内-障-病-人-护-理课件

白 内 障 病 人 护 理 (Nursing for Cataract Patients)7/12/20241 晶状体在眼球内的位置 (Position of Lens in the Eye)7/12/202427/12/20243EggPullet 7/12/20244Egg WhiteEggYolk7/12/20245EggShell7/12/202467/12/20247 晶状体的特性 (Properties of Lens)1.Transparent(透明的)Body2.Protein pruti:n 3.Convex knveks（Degree：1000-1200）7/12/20248Definition：广义上讲，任何因素导致晶体广义上讲，任何因素导致晶体(lens)出现浑浊出现浑浊(turbidness)t:bidnis 都都可称为可称为(cataract)Disease Description 7/12/20249 白内障国情 (National Conditions）1.6000 万(sixty million)白内障患者 2.100万(one million)白内障患者应施行手术 3.每年新增患者40万(four hundred thousand)4.人口老龄化，患者逐年增加，白内障治疗、护理任务项繁重(A burdensome task)7/12/202410 白内障临床分类 (Classification of Clinic)7/12/202411一：Senile Cataract si:nail 年龄相关性白内障(age-related cataract）7/12/202412二：Traumatic Cataract tr:mtik 外伤性白内障:眼球穿孔伤、钝挫伤7/12/202413 三：Metabolic Cataract ,metblik 代谢性白内障：糖尿病，甲状腺疾病 7/12/202414四：Congenital Cataract kndenitl 先天性白内障 7/12/202415五：Medicamentous Cataract 药物性中毒性白内障：长期使用“类固醇”药物 六：Radiated Cataract reidieitid 辐射性白内障：因放射线所致7/12/202416 老年性白内障老年性白内障 Senile Cataract7/12/2024171.年龄增长，晶状体逐渐混浊，即为老年性白内障。一般起于4045以后2.主要病因:氧化损害(Oxidative Damage)ksideitiv 3.临床表现:眼前阴影和渐进性、无痛性视力减退(Visual Deterioration)di,tirirein 7/12/202418 Nursing Assessment(一)Health History 1.年龄(Age)2.外伤(Trauma)3.营养(Nutrition)4.遗传(Heredity)hirediti 5.代谢(Metabolize)mtblaiz 6.全身病(General Disease)7/12/202419 身体状况 (Physical Condition)1.症状(Symptom)渐进性视力下降(Gradual Visual Deterioration）di,tirirein 7/12/202420Clinical Stages 一期(Initial Stage)1、无视力下降（对视力无影响）2、皮质内出现空泡，水裂和板层分离，从周边逐渐向中央扩大，呈“羽毛状”或 楔形浑浊3、此期发展缓慢，可经数年7/12/2024217/12/202422 二期：膨胀期(Dilatational Stage)1.视力下降 2.晶体呈不均匀浑浊 3.晶体体积变大，将虹膜向前推移 4.前房变浅 5.诱发急性闭角型青光眼 AACG:（Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma)7/12/2024237/12/202424 三期：成熟期(Maturity Stage)mtjuriti 1.视力下降至眼前手动/光感 2.晶体灰白色均匀浑浊 3.虹膜投影消失 4.眼底不能窥入7/12/2024257/12/202426 四期：过熟期(Overripe Stage)uvraip 1.视力突然提高(晶体皮质液化外溢 核下沉）2.前房加深 3.虹膜震颤 4.浑浊晶体纤维分解液化，呈乳白色 5.棕黄色晶体核下沉于囊袋下方 6.诱发晶体溶解性青光眼7/12/2024277/12/202428 Physical Sign 白瞳症(White Pupil)是最明显的体征7/12/202429Nursing Diagnosis 1.感知改变(Perceptual Alteration)2.自理缺陷(Self Care Deficit)3.受伤危险(Risk for Injury)4.知识缺乏(Knowledge Deficit)5.潜在并发症(Potential Complications)7/12/202430 Nursing Goals 1.病人视力提高 2.自理恢复 3.避免受伤 4.熟悉相关知识 5.避免并发症7/12/202431 Nursing Interventions 一般护理(Ordinary Providence)1.病房介绍(Ward Introduction)2.饮食指导(Diet Guidance)7/12/202432 治疗配合 (Therapeutic Alliance)erpju:tik lains 一：Nursing of Drug (1)维生素类 VitC,VitB2 (2)滴眼液:白内停,谷胱甘肽,卡他灵 二：Surgical Care 7/12/2024337/12/202434Preoperative Care1.抗生素(Antibiotic),ntibaitik眼液 术前3天2.镇静剂3.冲洗结膜囊4.冲洗泪道5.降眼压Intraocular Pressure ,intrkjul 6.散瞳孔7/12/2024357/12/2024367/12/2024377/12/2024387/12/202439Postoperative Care一：“四位”一体(Four Positions)1.体位(Body)2.头位(Head)3.口位(Mouth)4.手位(Hand)二：预防感染(Infection Prevention)氧氟沙星滴眼液三：定期复查(Regularl Countercheck)one week,one month，six months 7/12/202440Health Education1.Cause of Cataract2.Symptoms of Cataract3.Diagnosis of Cataract4.Theropy and Nursing Knowledge 5.Prevention of Cataract7/12/202441提问与解答环节Questions And Answers谢谢聆听 学习就是为了达到一定目的而努力去干,是为一个目标去战胜各种困难的过程,这个过程会充满压力、痛苦和挫折Learning Is To Achieve A Certain Goal And Work Hard,Is A Process To Overcome Various Difficulties For A Goal