如何做好短文填空课件

如何有效备考中考如何有效备考中考短文填空短文填空如何有效备考中考1一、考纲分析一、考纲分析“短文填空短文填空”实际上是实际上是“完形填空完形填空”题题型的又一种表现形式，旨在型的又一种表现形式，旨在考查考生考查考生能否结合题目的要求，以不同的形式能否结合题目的要求，以不同的形式来补全一篇文章。这类题目考查了学来补全一篇文章。这类题目考查了学生的生的观察力、分析力、判断力、联想观察力、分析力、判断力、联想力、力、阅读理解能力和综合阅读理解能力和综合语言运用能语言运用能力力。本题共。本题共1515分，占整份英语试题分分，占整份英语试题分值的值的12.5%12.5%（15/12015/120）。）。一、考纲分析“短文填空”实际上是“完形填空”题型的又一种表2近五年广东省中考近五年广东省中考短文填空短文填空考点分分析考点分分析 年份年份考点考点20132012201120102009权重权重动词动词3223428%名词名词2133324%形容词形容词0221112%代词代词1121112%副词副词2111010%介词介词110106%冠词冠词110004%连词连词010014%近五年广东省中考短文填空考点分分析 年份20133二、题型分析二、题型分析1.题型特点：题型特点：1）文章不会太长（）文章不会太长（130-200个单词左右），个单词左右），第一行不设空。第一行不设空。2）词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读。）词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读。2.考点设置：考点设置：重点考查重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力。能力。词汇方面以实词为主，即指词汇方面以实词为主，即指名词、动词、形容词、副词名词、动词、形容词、副词。兼顾。兼顾其它考点。其它考点。3.提示方式：自由填词型提示方式：自由填词型。4.考生难点：考生难点：首先：单词拼写问题。首先：单词拼写问题。很多可能知道要填的单词，但拼写往往很多可能知道要填的单词，但拼写往往出错。出错。其次：如何确定所填词的词性。其次：如何确定所填词的词性。有些空确实特别需要注意的是有些空确实特别需要注意的是细节的把握：如名词的单复数，和动词形式的变化以及词性之间细节的把握：如名词的单复数，和动词形式的变化以及词性之间的变换。的变换。二、题型分析1.题型特点：4三、如何做好短文填空三、如何做好短文填空?（一）正确的步骤（一）正确的步骤（二）适当的技巧（二）适当的技巧（三）适量的练习（三）适量的练习三、如何做好短文填空?（一）正确的步骤（二）适当的技巧（三5（一）正确的解题步骤（一）正确的解题步骤:1.1.浏览全文浏览全文,掌握文章的大意掌握文章的大意;a.a.进行进行跳格阅读跳格阅读.b.b.注意文章时态注意文章时态.2.2.根据词义根据词义,判断判断词形词形进行填空进行填空;a.a.先填上先填上固定搭配固定搭配与与习惯表达习惯表达等较易的空格等较易的空格.b.b.不太明朗的空格要根据语境和语义不太明朗的空格要根据语境和语义反复推敲反复推敲.c.c.注意注意词形变化词形变化（如：复数、过去式、过去分（如：复数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词等）词、现在分词等）3.3.通读全文通读全文,检查核对检查核对.（一）正确的解题步骤:1.浏览全文,掌握文章的大意;6第一招：第一招：有样学样有样学样（观察上下文观察上下文，找出能推断，找出能推断 出答案的信息）出答案的信息）(1)一模一样一模一样white1.Tina noticed that her mother had some_ hairs on her head.Then she asked,“Why do you have some white hairs,Mom?”第一招：有样学样（观察上下文，找出能推断(1)一模一样wh7 When he got home,he open his bag.He wanted to get the keys.They were always there.But he couldnt find the keys this time A moment later he jumped into the room and was very happy.But when he put his hand into his pocket.He found his_ right there.keys When he got home,he open 8 Children have to do a lot of every day not only at school but also at home.Some children have so much work to do that they often have to work late into the night before they can finish their homework.homework Children have to 9(2)连词推断连词推断2.Hours,days,_ and months went by,but no birds came at all.weeks(2)连词推断2.Hours,days,_10 Once a Frenchman was travelling in England.He knew very English.第二招：放飞想象（答案可以在图画或文章中推测出来。）little Once a Frenchman was trav11 When Tom got school,it was eight ten.The teacher had already begun her lesson.As soon as Tom came into the classroom,she got and said,angry When Tom got school,it 12(1)介词介词常与常与 名词名词/动词动词/形容词形容词 进行搭配进行搭配 如如(2)动词动词与与非谓语动词非谓语动词的搭配的搭配 动+do:动+to do:动+doing:(3)其他类型的固定搭配其他类型的固定搭配如 bothand;neithernor 第三招：讲究搭配第三招：讲究搭配（根据习惯用语和短语来填写）根据习惯用语和短语来填写）by bike,put up,be worried aboutmake sb.dodecide to doenjoy doing(1)介词常与 名词/动词/形容词 进行搭配第三招：讲究搭131.(2012中考）中考）I almost have no time for my hobbies,_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.2.Suddenly he _ up with a good idea and went out of his room.suchcame1.(2012中考）I almost have no ti14第四招：第四招：定位定位（确定所填词的词性）（确定所填词的词性）(1)缺主语或宾语，则填缺主语或宾语，则填名词名词，_或者或者_.例：例：1._ makes children like the seaside so much?I think its the sand.2.She studies in an art school,_ to music is her favorite.代词代词动名词动名词What listening第四招：定位（确定所填词的词性）(1)缺主语或宾语，则填15(2)若宾语用的是若宾语用的是“_+to do形式形式”，则填则填_例例:1.He was so afraid that he didnt know _ to do.2.(2011中考）中考）He wanted a pair of new shoes,but his family is so poor.He was thinking about _ to tell his mother about it.疑问词疑问词what how(2)若宾语用的是“_+to do形式”，疑问词w16(3)(3)缺谓语，缺谓语，则填则填_._.（2012中考）中考）Im upset these days.I have a problem,and I do not _ how to deal with it.know动词动词(3)缺谓语，则填_.know动词17(4)(4)若两个句子间要填一个空，则很若两个句子间要填一个空，则很可能是填可能是填_或者或者_._.1.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,_ he felt very happy.but2.He came up to the man _ is sitting on the ground.who/that连词连词从句引导词从句引导词(4)若两个句子间要填一个空，则很可能是填_或者18A(动词动词)Last summer,15-year-old Bob 1 a problem.Like a lot of children,Bob 2 interested in doing many things.He 3 dancing most and wanted to join a dancing group.But Bobs high school 4 have a boys dancing group but a girls group.He tried to join the girls group.But he wasnt 5 to stay in the girls group.hadlikeddidnt allowed be allowed 被允许被允许was HOMEHOMEA(动词)hadlikeddidnt allowed b19B(形容词形容词/副词副词)Once there was a little boy.He got angry 1 .His father gave him some nails(neil钉子钉子)and told him:“When you get 2 ,put a nail into the wall.”On the first day,the boy put 37 nails into the wall.The next day,he put in 3 nails.A few days later,he found it much 4 not to get angry.After a month,the boy was happy every day.easilyangryfewereasier修饰修饰get angry修饰系动词修饰系动词getHOMEHOMEB(形容词/副词)easilyangryfewereas20 C(名词名词)Do you still remember the girl with big eyes?The 1 big eyes are telling us her dream:I wish to go to school!In China,there are still lots of girls and 2 like her.They want to go to school,but their 3 are too poor.If the family has two or three 4 ,it is harder to pay the money for all of them.So the 5 often ask girls to stay at home,and boys to go to school.boys familiesparents girls children HOMEHOME C(名词)boys familiesparents g21D(代词代词)Peoples inventions are clever,but 1 can be dangerous,too.For example,people invented factories,and now they make river dirty.2 can make many changes.Dirty rivers kill fish.Then bears cannot eat the fish and the bears die.If 3 kill one part of the food chain,the other parts also die.Remember that we are a part of the food chain,so we are in danger too!If we protect animals,we are protecting 4 !We should and we could do 5 for the world!they This we ourselvessomething HOMEHOMED(代词)they This we ourselvess22E(介词介词)1 school many things happen 2 us.We may feel excited when we have success 3 a school play.We may feel sorry if we lose an important game.We want to keep the memories for the rest 4 our lives.Some of the memories are wonderful 5 the sunshine,but others are not.However,they are both our precious wealth for our future lives.toAt of inlikeHOMEHOMEE(介词)toAt of inlikeHOME23F(从句连词从句连词)Because Americans like to spend more money 1 they have,many of them are always in debt(欠债欠债)2 Chinese usually spend less than they have;many of them always have much left in the bank.The American kids themselves make their own moneyThey get part-time jobs in restaurants,bookstores and so on.But many Chinese parents say 3 its not safe for kids to work.Most Chinese kids especially 4 come from rich families always ask their parents for moneyBecause of that,they can hardly know how hardworking it is to make money.5 time goes by,they will have less and less ambition for their future.thanButthatwho/thatAsHOMEHOMEF(从句连词)thanButthatwho/thatAs24确定语义，判断词形确定语义，判断词形名词名词动词动词形容词形容词&副词副词适当的解题技巧：适当的解题技巧：.确定语义，判断词形名词动词形容词&副词适当的解题技巧：.251.1.名词：考查名词：考查名词的数（名词的数（单复数形式、不规则的单复数形式、不规则的变化）以及名词所有格。变化）以及名词所有格。2.2.动词动词:考查谓语动词的考查谓语动词的人称、数、时态、语态、人称、数、时态、语态、不定式不定式to doto do，动词的现在分词，动词的现在分词inging形式形式、过去、过去分词分词donedone、固定搭配、固定搭配等等。实词实词-动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词 、数词、数词虚词虚词-连词、介词、冠词、感叹词连词、介词、冠词、感叹词3.3.形容词：考查形容词：考查原级、比较级、最高级原级、比较级、最高级，部分形容词和副词同形的词。部分形容词和副词同形的词。4.4.副词：考查副词：考查原级、比较级、最高级原级、比较级、最高级，考查考查修饰动词、句子修饰动词、句子等。等。1.名词：考查名词的数（单复数形式、不规则的2.动词:考查谓269.9.冠词：考查冠词：考查a a、anan修饰可数名词修饰可数名词单数单数，和定冠词和定冠词thethe或固定搭配或固定搭配。5.5.代词：考查代词：考查不定代词、物主代词、人不定代词、物主代词、人称代词的主格、宾格、反身代词称代词的主格、宾格、反身代词等，一等，一般由意思判定。般由意思判定。6.6.数词：常考数词：常考基数词基数词和和序数词，序数词，或是或是分分数数的表示方法。的表示方法。7.7.连词：考查句子间的连词：考查句子间的逻辑关系逻辑关系、填入、填入的词、要符合上下文逻辑即可。的词、要符合上下文逻辑即可。8.8.介词：常考查介词：常考查固定短语搭配固定短语搭配。9.冠词：考查a、an修饰可数名词单数，和定冠词the或固定27A(words:162)We live in the computer age.People like scientists,teachers,writers and even students 1 computers to do all kinds of work.But more than 30 years ago,2 couldnt do much.They were very big and expensive.Very 3 people were interested in them and knew 4 to use them.Today computers are smaller and 5 .Since they are useful,many people like to use them,even at home.Computers are becoming very important 6 they can work faster than men and make 7 mistakes.Computers can 8 people do a lot of work.Writers use computer to write.9 use them to help teaching and students use them to study.Computers can also remember what you put 10 them.Computers are very useful.They are our good friends.Do you want to own a computer?Task I动词动词名/代形 疑问形连词形动 介名/代A(words:162)Task I动词名/代形 疑问形连词28 We live in the computer age.People like scientists,teachers,writers and even students 1 computers to do all kinds of work.But more than 30 years ago,2 couldnt do much.They were very big and expensive.Very 3 people were interested in them and knew 4 to use them.Today computers are smaller and 5 .Since they are useful,many people like to use them,even at home.Computers are becoming very important 6 they can work faster than men and make 7 mistakes.Computers can 8 people do a lot of work.Writers use computer to write.9 use them to help teaching and students use them to study.Computers can also remember what you put 10 them.Computers are very useful.They are our good friends.Do you want to own a computer?use computersfew howcheaperbecausefewer help into Teachers use computersfew howcheaperbec29短文填空评分标准短文填空评分标准1.1.与所给答案一致，或意思与所给答案一致，或意思符合短文内容要求且形式正符合短文内容要求且形式正确给满分。确给满分。2.2.答案意思相符但形式错误答案意思相符但形式错误扣扣0.50.5分，大小写扣分，大小写扣0.50.5分分3.3.意思不符不得分。意思不符不得分。短文填空评分标准1.与所给答案一致，或意思符合短文内容要求且30短文填空短文填空解题策略解题策略.跳过空格，通读全文，跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意把握大意。.复读短文，结合语境，复读短文，结合语境，确定词义确定词义。.周密分析，上下兼顾，周密分析，上下兼顾，确定词性确定词性。.依据搭配，遵循语法，依据搭配，遵循语法，确定答案确定答案。.全面考虑，仔细检查，全面考虑，仔细检查，注重细节注重细节。短文填空解题策略.跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。31Dear Anne,How are you?I had great fun last Wednesday,71_12th,2013.It was a traditional Chinese festival called Dragon Boat Festival that day.This festival is in memory of Qu Yuan,one of 72 _greatest Chinese poets.He killed himself by jumping into the Miluo River on May 5th of the lunar calendar(阴历阴历)，278 BC.People there rowed the boats to 73 _him.直击中考直击中考（2013年）年）Junethesave农历农历5 5月初月初5 5，上下，上下文提示语境文提示语境语法、最高语法、最高级前面用级前面用thethe逻辑推理，上下逻辑推理，上下文语境文语境killedhimselfDear Anne,直击中考（2013年）Junethesa32But it was too late.They were very sad and then threw rice into the 74 _to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body.75 _ then on,every year on this day,people enjoy 76 _ Zongzi which is made of rice with meat,eggs and so on.In the past we ate it only 77 _a year,but now we regarded it as our daily food.We can have it any time we like.Fromriver/wateronceeating/having上文汨罗江提示上文汨罗江提示固定搭配固定搭配语境、固语境、固定搭配定搭配enjoy逻辑推理、逻辑推理、语境语境But it was too late.They were33Have you ever 78 _the dragon boat race on TV?It is another important part of this festival.Several teams row their dragon-shaped boats as 79 _as they can.The first team to reach the finish line wins.If you have a plan to visit China next year,would 80 _like to spend this festival with us?fastwatched/seenyouon TV语法、固定搭配语法、固定搭配语法、语境语法、语境row语法、固定句型语法、固定句型would sb.like to do？Have you ever 78 _the34When should we use a noun(名词）名词）?备考实录备考实录 1.I hope you will make efforts to overcome all kinds of _ 2.Great _ have taken place in our hometown.3.The teachers _ encouraged him to study harder.difficultieschangeswords/helpWhen should we use a noun(名词）?351.空格前是空格前是不定代词不定代词(some,all,any,both,few)Conclusion:2.空格前是空格前是数词数词(one,two,three,first,second.)3.空格前是空格前是物主代词物主代词(my,our,her,his,their)4.空格前是空格前是形容词形容词5.空格前是空格前是冠词冠词（a,an,the)1.空格前是不定代词(some,all,any,bo366.空格前是空格前是名词的所有格名词的所有格（sbs)7.空格前是空格前是指示代词指示代词(this/these;that/those)Conclusion:都要考虑都要考虑名词名词 名词有可数名词和不可数名词有可数名词和不可数名词，注意可数名词的名词，注意可数名词的单复数单复数形式形式，尤其是，尤其是不规则的变化不规则的变化。6.空格前是名词的所有格（sbs)7.空格前是指示代37When should we use When should we use a verba verb（动词）（动词）?I am _ forward to hearing from you again.After the storm,many big trees _down and litter were around.lookingfellWhen should we use a verb（动词）?381.空格前是空格前是be动词（动词（am,is,are,was,were)Conclusion:考虑是用进行时态考虑是用进行时态（be doing)还是被动语态还是被动语态(be done)2.空格前是空格前是情态动词情态动词（can,should,may.)要用动词的要用动词的原形原形1.空格前是be动词（am,is,are,was,39Conclusion:3.空格前是空格前是助动词（助动词（have,has,had)要用完成时态要用完成时态（have/has/had done)4.空格前是空格前是 to（不定式（不定式)要用动词的要用动词的原形原形若是介词若是介词to或其他介词，或其他介词，则用动词的则用动词的V-ing 形式形式 5.若句子中出现两个动词，考虑哪个是若句子中出现两个动词，考虑哪个是谓语谓语，哪个是哪个是非谓语动词非谓语动词Conclusion:3.空格前是助动词（have,ha40When should we use an adj.and adv.?Therefore,we must keep taking exercise and live more_This food tastes _As we know,different countries have _ customs.happily/healthily nice/good/delicious/different When should we use an adj.and 41Conclusion:1.空格前是空格前是动词动词都要考虑都要考虑副词副词2空格后是空格后是形容词形容词都要考虑都要考虑形容词形容词4.空格后是空格后是 名词名词3.空格前是空格前是 系动词系动词 注意：注意：形容词和副词要注意是否需形容词和副词要注意是否需要要比较级和最高级比较级和最高级Conclusion:1.空格前是动词都要考虑副词2空格后是42总结：总结：名词不要忘记名词不要忘记单复数单复数 动词不要忘记动词不要忘记变形变形 形容词和副词不要忘记形容词和副词不要忘记比较级和最高级比较级和最高级 注意文章的上下文的联系，通篇理解注意文章的上下文的联系，通篇理解文章，从文章，从词，句到篇的词，句到篇的正确理解和把握。正确理解和把握。context!总结：名词不要忘记单复数 43七、注意事项七、注意事项 填词注意区分填词注意区分词性词性；名词注意名词注意单复数单复数;动词注意动词注意时态、语态及数时态、语态及数的变化；的变化；星期、月份、国家及所有句首单词星期、月份、国家及所有句首单词 注意注意首字母大写首字母大写；认真掌握认真掌握16001600基础词汇基础词汇，着重复习，着重复习 常用常用短语、搭配短语、搭配。七、注意事项 填词注意区分词性；44 空前空后要注意空前空后要注意“名词名词”单复数要牢记单复数要牢记 还有还有“S”“S”不能弃不能弃“动词动词”注意要变形注意要变形“形、副形、副”注意用三级注意用三级“数词数词”牢记牢记“基基”和和“序序”“代词代词”“”“五格五格”要谨记。要谨记。空前空后要注意Tips45