高中英语构词法课件

英语快速记忆构词法语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。一些旧词的过时意味着需要人们创造出一些新的词，而新的词的产生，大抵服从语法的法则，有其规律可循。语言的这种弃旧创新不断完善和发展的过程体现出一种规律-构词法（word-formation）。英语快速记忆构词法语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。一1 1Classify:pathway freedom darkest place unfair lock everyday riverside nurse disagree 合成词合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everyday pathway riversideunfair darkest disagree freedomlock place nurse Classify:pathwayfreedom2构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Der3合成词合成词 Compoundpain-killer合成词Compoundpain-killer止痛药4color-blindcolor-blind色盲5sleep-walksleep-walkersleep-walk梦游sleep-walker61.合成名词合成名词 (1)n+n air conditioner blood pressure income tax credit card (2)adj+n central bankfast food空调空调 血压血压所得税所得税 信用卡信用卡中央银行中央银行 快餐快餐1.合成名词7 solar system remote control (3)v-ing+另一词另一词 washing machine driving license (4)其他方式其他方式 by-product editor-in-chief太阳系太阳系 遥控遥控洗衣机洗衣机驾驶执照驾驶执照副产品副产品主编主编solarsystem太阳系82.合成形容词合成形容词 (1)过去分词或带过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。词尾的词构成。absent-minded grey-haired (2)动词的动词的ing 或另一词构成或另一词构成 long-suffering far-reaching心不在焉的心不在焉的头发灰白的头发灰白的长期受苦的长期受苦的深远的深远的(影响影响)2.合成形容词心不在焉的93.合成动词及合成副词合成动词及合成副词 overeat baby-sit empty-handed 吃得太多吃得太多看孩子看孩子 一无所获的一无所获的3.合成动词及合成副词10加前缀：加前缀：happy-happy-_happyhappy 加后缀：加后缀：develop-develop-developdevelop_既加前缀又加后缀：既加前缀又加后缀：employ-employ-_employemploy_unmentunment派生词派生词（derivation）加前缀：unmentunment派生词（derivation111.表示表示否定意义否定意义的前缀的前缀dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsensenonstopun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-antiknock(防震防震),antiforeigner,(排外的排外的)由一个词根加上由一个词根加上前缀前缀或或后缀后缀构成另外一个词。构成另外一个词。1.表示否定意义的前缀dis-dishonest122.表示空间位置，方向关系的前表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀缀 1)a-表示表示“在在之上之上”，“向向”aboard,aside,2)by-表示表示“附近，邻近，边侧附近，邻近，边侧”bypath,bypass(弯路弯路)3)inter-,intel-,表示表示“在在间，相互间，相互”international,interaction,internet4)mid-,表示表示“中，中间中，中间”midnight,mid-autumn2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀1)a-表示135)out-,表示表示“在上面，在外部，在外在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward6)over-,表示表示“在上面，在外部，向上在上面，在外部，向上”overlook,overhead(在头顶在头顶,在高处在高处),overboard7)extra-,表示表示“额外额外”extraction（提取）（提取）8)fore-表示表示“在前面在前面”forehead,foretell9)in-,im-,表示表示“向内，在内，背于向内，在内，背于”inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀缀 5)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”2.1410)under-,表示表示“在在.下面，下的下面，下的”underline,underground,underwater 11)up-,表示表示“向上，向上面，在上向上，向上面，在上”upward,uphold,uphill(上坡上坡)1re-“又又,再再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry2.co“联合，伴同联合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker3.super“在在上；加之上；加之”superman,supermarket4.tele远程远程telephone,telegraph,telescope5.de-向相反方向发展向相反方向发展decentralize（分散）（分散）,defrost（解冻）（解冻）6.trans-过，穿过，变过，穿过，变transformation(变形变形),translate7.vice-副副 vice-premier,vice-president3.表示其他意义的前缀表示其他意义的前缀:under-,表示“在.下面，下的”157.vice-副副 vice-premier,vice-president 8.semi-半半 semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic 9.bi两个两个 bicycle,biennial两年一次的两年一次的10.tri三个三个triangle三角形三角形,tricycle三轮三轮脚踏车脚踏车,triplets三胞胎三胞胎11.mul-多，多种多，多种multiply(使增加使增加),multi-national,multi-coloured12.kilo-千千 kilometre,kilogramme 7.vice-副vice-premier,v16后后 缀缀例例词词名名词词-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-essinability,responsibilityleakage(托管人托管人,保管人保管人),shortagerenewal,withdrawalAmerican,Koreanprivacy,accuracyfarmer,thinker,painkilleractor,sailor,collectorChinese,Japanese,Portugueseemployee,trustee,intervieweeengineer,profiteer(获暴利的人获暴利的人,奸商奸商)machinery,jewelleryactress,waitress后缀例词-abilityinabi17后后缀缀例例词词名名词词-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-urearmful,handful,mouthfulEgyptian,Russian,Asian,musicianartist,pianist,communist,scientistsocialism,realism,idealismgovernment,movement,developmentbusiness,illness,darknessfriendship,ownershipinvention,liberation,educationdeparture,failure,exposure后缀例词-fularmful,h18后后缀缀例例词词形形容容词词-able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-y-less-someadvisable,admirable,comfortablephysical,national,politicalAmerican,Italian,Australiansouthern,northern,easternfattest,latest,luckiesthelpful,useful,carefulBritish,English,foolish,childishactive,instructive,expensivecloudy,windy,dirty,sunnycareless,uselesstroublesome,tiresome后缀例词-ableadvisab19后后缀缀例例词词动动词词-(e)n-fy-ize-atewiden,strengthen,lengthensimplify,beautifyapologize,organize,realizeactivate,motivate(激发激发,刺激刺激)后缀例词-(e)nwiden,s20后后缀缀例例词词副副词词-ly-down-ward(s)really,badly,perfectly,trulyface-down,palm-down(手掌向下地手掌向下地)towards,forward,outward后后缀缀例例词词数数词词-teen-ty-thfourteen,fifteen,eighteenforty,fifty,eightyfourth,fifth,eighth后缀例词副-lyreally,b21 常见的后缀常见的后缀1).名词后缀名词后缀：-er -or -tion -ment -ity -ist -hood -ion请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,able,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible常见的后缀1).名词后缀：请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相22-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailor education,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibility pianist,artist childhood,brotherhood action,solution,conclusion如如：-erteacher,worker如：23转化法转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来It has a good taste.It tastes very good.record n.记录记录v.记录记录Liu Xiang Broke the 100mHurdles World Record.He lies to record something while reading a book.转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来24correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义反义独立的独立的词根词根adj.残疾的残疾的n.不可能的不可能的n.反义反义n.误解误解词根词根大学生大学生词根词根n.近义近义反义反义Words Buildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde25correctn.反义反义独立的独立的词根词根adj.残疾的残疾的n.不可能的不可能的n.反义反义n.误解误解词根词根大学生大学生词根词根n.近义近义反义反义Words Buildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n26correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育教育 表达表达O独立的独立的rootadj残疾的残疾的n不可能的不可能的OnSSn误解误解root大学生大学生rootn地下的地下的地下通道地下通道地铁地铁副标题副标题总是总是misunderstandcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde27 缩写和简写缩写和简写:缩写和简写缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取主要采取:“:“截头截头”,”,“去尾去尾”或者或者“既截头又去尾既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词的方法生成新词.telephone-phone airplaneplanelaboratory-lab mathematics-math advertisementad examination-exam 缩写和简写:telephone-phone28另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compact disk)CCTV(China Central Television)NBA(National Basketball Association)UFO(unidentified flying object)UN(United Nations)ID(identification)USA(United States of America)另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.291.Hewasoneofthebest_inyesterdaysfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat_.Duringhislifehehadmany_.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions构词法精练构词法精练Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.1.Hewasoneofthebest_305.Moreandmore_havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant_reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill_mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe_ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave_aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMarysmotherneededan_.(operate)foreignerssatisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation5.Moreandmore_hav3111.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_.(music)12.Few_wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan_water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy)musicianspokenboilingkindnessexpensesbusiness11.Shehopedthathersonwou3217.Theboynoticedan_mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe_do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_.(honest)20.Themotherdidntknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_.(noise)uncorrectedRomanshonestynoisily17.Theboynoticedan_33附：类比构词（Word-Formation by Analogy）类比构词是英语中一种有趣而又实用的构词方式。构词特点是，以某个同类词为模式，在语义上进行联想类比，替换其中某个词素，构造出与之对应或类似的新词来。例如：work-aholic（工作迷）系仿alcoholic（嗜酒者）而造seajack（海上劫持）和skyjack（空中劫持）则是类比hijack（拦路抢劫）hijacker（强盗）而成，故都属类比词。附：类比构词（Word-FormationbyAnalo34