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介词（The Preposition）又叫做前置词，通常置于名词之前。它是一种虚词，不需要重读，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。中国学生在使用英语进行书面或口头表达时，往往会出现遗漏介词或误用介词的错误，因此各类考试语法的结构部分均有这方面的测试内容。1.介词的种类介词的种类英语中最常用的介词，按照不同的分类标准可分为以下几类：(1).简单介词、复合介词和短语介词.简单介词是指单一介词。如：at,in,of,by,about,for,from,except,since,near,with 等。.复合介词是指由两个简单介词组成的介词。如：Inside,outside,onto,into,throughout,without,as to as for,upon,except for 等。.短语介词是指由短语构成的介词。如：In front of,by means o f,on behalf of,in spite of,by way of,in favor of,in regard to 等。(2).按词义分类1 表地点（包括动向）的介词。如：About,above,across,after,along,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,throught,to,towards,under,up,unpon,with,within,without 等。2 表时间的介词。如：About,after,around,as,at,before,behind,between,by,during,for,from,in,into,of,on,over,past,since,through,throughout,till(until),to,towards,within 等。3 表除去的介词。如：beside,but,except等。4 表比较的介词。如：As,like,above,over等。5 表反对的介词。如：against,with 等.6 表原因、目的的介词。如：for,with,from 等。7 表结果的介词。如：to,with,without 等。8 表手段、方式的介词。如：by,in,with 等。9 表所属的介词。如：of,with 等。10 表条件的介词。如：on,without,considering 等。11 表让步的介词。如：despite,in spite notwithstanding等。12 表关于的介词。如：About,concerning,regarding,with regard to,as for,as to13 表对于的介词。如：to,for over,at,with 等。14 表根据的介词。如：on,according to 等。15 表其他的介词。如：for(赞成)，without（没有）等。2.介词短语介词短语(1).介词短语的构成 介词之后出现的名词、代词或其他相当于名词的结构、短语或从句叫介词宾语。介词短语是指介词和介词宾语构成的短语。介词短语的构成主要有下面的形式：1 介词名词。如：The headmaster lives near the school 校长住在学校附近。2 介词名词性从句。如：I am curious as to what she will say.我很想知道她想说什么。3 介词代词。如：What do you know about him?关于他，你都知道些什么？4 介词动名词短语或其复合结构。如：He is interested in swimming.他对游泳感兴趣。The painter is keen on collecting coins 那位画家喜欢收集硬币。There are no risk of you being late你不会迟到的。5 介词连接词或连接副词引导的从句或不定式。如：Your success will largely depend upon how you do it.你成功与否将主要取决于你怎样做。The teacher gave us a talk on how to study English.老师给我们做了一个如何学英语的讲座。6 介词数词。如：Six from twelve is six12减6等于6。7 介词形容词。如：We know her of old我们老早就认识了她。8 介词副词。如：They worked all day and had a hurried luch in between.他们工作了一整天，中间匆匆吃了一顿饭(2).介词短语的作用介词短语在句中可作多种句子成分：1 作主语。如：From the library to the teaching building is a 5 minutes walk.从图书馆到教学楼要走五分钟。2 作表语。如：Are you for the plan?你赞成这个计划吗？I was at my grandmas yesterday.我昨天在我奶奶家。3 作宾语。如：He gave me until tomorrow.他给我的期限是到明天。The dog came out from behind the tree.狗从树后出来。（behind the tree 作介词from 的宾语）4 作定语。如：She is a woman of strong character.她是位性格坚强的女人。The expert will give us a lecture on how to improve soil.这个专家将给我们作一个如何改良土壤的讲座。5 作补语。如：He woke up and found himself in hospital他醒来发现自己在医院里。（in hospital作宾补）As a doctor,he is always patient with the patients作为一个医生，他一贯对患者很耐心。（As a doctor 作主补）6 作状语。如：I wil be free on Tuesday morning.星期二上午我有空。（时间状语）Well meet at the station.我们将在火车站碰面。（地点状语）She covered her face with her hands and cried 她用双手捂着脸哭。（方式状语）He left home and worked in a big city for the sake o f money.他为了赚钱，离家到一个大城市工作。（目的状语）The tree died from want of water.这棵树因缺水而死。（原因状语）In spite of all his effort,he failed 尽管他很努力，但还是失败了。（让步状语）No living thing can live without water.生物离开水都无法生存。（条件状语）With the words,he came into the room他说着话就进来了。（伴随状语）To a great extent,it is not fair.在很大程度上，这是不公平的。（程度状语）In general her works have been good,but this one is dreaful.总的来说，她的作品很不错，不过这篇很糟。?(in general 作评注性状语)It doesnt seem ugly to me,on the contrary,I think its very beautiful.我觉得它不丑，恰恰相反，我觉得它很美。（on the cntrary作连接性状语）3.介词与其他词类的固定搭配介词与其他词类的固定搭配介词常常和形容词、名词、动词等构成固定搭配，即某些词的后面常要求特定的介词以表示固定的意义。(1).形容词与介词的固定搭配形容词与介词的固定搭配1 形容词+aboutAngry with对生气anxous about担心calm about对很平静 care bout小心careless about粗心 certain about对有把握 curious about对好奇sure about确信doubtful about对怀疑 crazy/mad about对热情的；热心的hopeful about对抱希望 frank about对坦白的；坦率的incredulous about对不相信2 形容词+atclever at擅长于expert at对熟练的good at擅长于indignant at对愤慨的quick at做敏捷slow at 对反应慢surprised at对吃惊3 形容词+foranxious for渴望的eligible for有资格的famous for因而著名fit for对某人适宜hungry for对渴望late for迟到possible for可能qualified for有资格的ready for准备好responsible for对负责necessary for为所必需4 形容词+fromabsent from缺席free from使摆脱prohibited from禁止某事物safe from安全detached from分开某物different from与不同5 形容词+inabsorbed in专心于disappointed in对失望experienced in有经验expert in 在熟练fortunate in有幸interested in对感兴趣rich in富于；盛产successful in在成功6 形容词+ofafraid of害怕ashamed of羞耻aware of知道certain of确信fond of喜爱guilty of有罪的proud of骄傲short of缺乏sick of厌烦tired of厌倦worthy of值得7 形容词+tocontrary to与相反determined to有决心的equal to等于familiar to为所熟悉favourabel to对有利harmful to有害的inclined to准备做某事indifferent to对不在乎similar to相似；相同8 形容词+withangry with对感到恼火annoyed at对烦恼busy with忙于crowded with拥挤familiar with精通；熟悉friendly with与友好nervouse with对感到紧张patient with对有耐心popularwith受欢迎satified with对满意9 形容词+ondependent on依靠intend on坚决；专心keen on热衷于某事物severe on严格的(2).名词与介词的固定搭配1 介词+名词。如：at the cinema在电影院at university上大学 frompoint of view从某人的角度for the sake of为了in poerty 在穷困中in earnest有决心的 on sale在出售on the average平均的 on the contrary相反地on the radio 通过收音机 to some extent某种程度to onessurprise让某人吃惊to onesdelight让某人高兴2 名词+介词。如：dependence on依靠independence on不依靠discussion about/on关于的讨论hundres on数以百计的thousands of成千上万的influence on对的影响explanationof/for对的解释half of的一半the idea of的主意lack of缺乏proof of的证据reason of的原因Responsibility for对的责任success in/at在成功(3).动词与介词的固定搭配1 动词+介词 agree with同意；赞同arrive at到达arrive in到达fall behind 落后come from来自sonsist of由组成get to到达hear from收到来信hear of听说laugh at嘲笑listen to听look after照看；照料look at看look for寻找look like看起来2 动词+副词+介词 catch up with赶上；超过do well in在方面做得好get on with与某人相处go on with继续take care of关心take part in参加
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