海明威英文简介课件

ErnestHemingway(July21,1899July2,1961)1Childhood:*thesecondchild,andfirstson;*raisedinOakPark,Illinois,asuburbofChicago；*fatherasuccessfulphysician，lovefishingandhunting;*motheramusicteacher；*musiclessonswereusefulinhiswritingandalifelongpassionforoutdooradventureandforlivinginremoteorisolatedareas；2School Life:*attendedOakParkandRiverForestHighSchoolandexcelledbothacademicallyandathletically;*firstwritingexperiencewasfortheschoolsnewspaperandyearbook;HemingwayattheHemingwayatthetimeofhistimeofhisgraduationfromgraduationfromhighschool,1917highschool,19173After High School:*workedasareporterforTheKansasCityStar(堪萨斯堪萨斯星报星报)beforeWorldWarIforonlysixmonths;4World War:*joinedtheRedCrossAmbulanceCorps(红十字会战场服务队红十字会战场服务队);*onJuly8,1918,woundedbutcarriedanItaliansoldiertosafety,receivedtheItalianSilverMedalofBravery;*wheninthehospital,metandfellinlovewithAgnes,aRedCrossnursebutrejected;5Journalist&Writing:*beganasafreelancer(自由职自由职业业)andforeigncorrespondentfortheToronto Star Weekly;*alsoworkedasanassociateeditoroftheCo-operative Commonwealth,amonthlyjournal;*metHadleyRichardson,thefirstwife,andmarriedin1921;HadleyRichardson6Life in Paris(1921-1928):*settledinParisandcoveredtheGreco-TurkishWarfortheToronto Star;*madefriendswithJamesJoyce,F.ScottFitzgerald;*HismarriagetoHadleybrokeupashewasworkingonThe Sun Also RisesbecauseofhisaffairwithPaulinePfeiffer,divorcedinJanuary1927andmarriedPaulinePfeiffer,secondwife,inMay.The2ndwife7Life in Key West:*In1928，theymovedtoKeyWest,Florida,tobegintheirnewlifetogether;*hisfathercommittedsuicide;*Duringtheearly1930sHemingwaywerebusywithhunting,fishing,bullfighting,travelingandwriting;Hemingwayhouse8Spanish Civil War:*in1937hereportedonthewarfortheNorth American Newspaper Alliance(NANA)*heusedthisexperienceinSpainasthebackgroundforFor Whom the Bell Tolls;Afterthewar,HemingwaydivorcedwithPaulineandmarriedMarthaGellhorn,histhirdwifein1940andwrotethefamousnovel,For Whom the Bell Tolls,whichwasnominatedforaPulitzerPrize；9World War II:*inEuropefromJunetoDec.1944;*involvedinthewaractivitiesasawarcorrespondentandin1947awardedaBronzeStarforhisbraveryduringWWII;*HeleftMarthain1945whenpreparingtoreturntoCubaandmeanwhile,hehadaskedMaryWelsh,Time magazinecorrespondent,tomarryhimontheirthirdmeeting;10Later years:*hadaseriesofaccidentsandhealthproblemsafterthewar;*WhenhetraveledtothesiteofWWIandbegantoworkonAcross the River and Into the Trees(过河入林过河入林);*ThenextyearwroteOld Man and the Seathe best I can write ever for all of my life“andwonthePulitzerPrizeinMay1952andInOctober1954receivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature;“因为他精通于叙事艺因为他精通于叙事艺术，突出地表现在其近术，突出地表现在其近著著老人与海老人与海之中；之中；同时也因为他对当代同时也因为他对当代文文体风格之影响体风格之影响”11Suicide:Discouragedbyatroubledfamilybackground,illnessandthebeliefthathewaslosinghisgiftforwriting,hequitedeliberatelyshothimselfwithhisfavoriteshotgunintheearlymorninghoursofJuly2,1961;1213HemmingwaysWorks()()14NovelsThe Torrents of Spring(1925)春潮春潮The Sun Also Rises(1926)太阳照常升起太阳照常升起A Farewell to Arms(1929)永别了，武器永别了，武器To Have and Have Not(1937)富有与贫穷富有与贫穷For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940)丧钟为谁而鸣丧钟为谁而鸣Across the River and Into the Trees(1950)过过河入林河入林The Old Man and the Sea(1952)老人与海老人与海15The Sun Also Rises(1926)-In this novel,Hemingway presents his notion that the Lost Generation,considered to have been decadent,dissolute and irretrievably damaged by World War I,was resilient and strong.A Farewell to Arms(1929)-based on his war experience in Italy,a love tragedy in the War,the lovers called“modern Romeo and Juliet”,firmly established his reputation For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940)-Based on his experience as a journalist in Spain during its civil war,anti-Fascism16The Old Man and the SeaThe Old Man and the SeaisanovelwrittenbyHemingwayin1951inCuba,andpublishedin1952.ItwasthelastmajorworkoffictiontobeproducedbyHemingwayandpublishedinhislifetime.Oneofhismostfamousworks,itcentersuponSantiago,anagingfishermanwhostruggleswithagiantmarlinfaroutintheGulfStream.The Old Man and the SeawasawardedthePulitzerPrizeforFictionin1953andwascitedbytheNobelCommitteeascontributingtotheawardingoftheNobelPrizeinLiteraturetoHemingwayin1954.17Death in the Afternoon(1932)午后之死午后之死Green Hills of Africa(1935)非洲的青山非洲的青山NonfictionDeath in the Afternoon is a non-fiction book by Hemingway about the ceremony and traditions of Spanish bullfighting.It was originally published in 1932.The book provides a look at the history and what Hemingway considers the magnificence of bullfighting.It also contains a deeper contemplation on the nature of fear and courage.Green Hills of Africa is a 1935 work of nonfiction written by Hemingway.It is his second work of nonfiction,Green Hills of Africa is an account of a month on safari he and his wife,Pauline Marie Pfeiffer,took in East Africa during December 1933.Green Hills of Africa is divided into four parts:Pursuit and Conversation,Pursuit Remembered,Pursuit and Failure,and Pursuit as Happiness,each of which plays a different role in the story.18ShortStoriescollectionThree Stories and Ten Poems(1923)三个故事和十首三个故事和十首诗诗Cat in the Rain(1925)雨中的猫雨中的猫In Our Time(1925)在我们的时代里在我们的时代里Men Without Women(1927)没有女人的男人没有女人的男人The Snows of Kilimanjaro(1932)乞力马扎罗的雪乞力马扎罗的雪Winner Take Nothing(1933)胜者一无所获胜者一无所获The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories(1938)第五纵队与第五纵队与49个故事个故事19PosthumousworksTheseliteraryworkswerepublishedafterHemingwaysdeath.(1964)A Moveable Feast(1969)The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War(1970)Islands in the Stream(1972)The Nick Adams Stories(1985)The Dangerous Summer(1986)The Garden of Eden(1987)The Complete Short Stories Of Ernest Hemingway(1999)True at First Light2021HemingwaysStyledirect,terse,andoftenmonotonousThe use of short,simple and conventional words and sentences has an effect of clearness,terseness and great care.22*Deceptivelysimple*Understatementandomission(seeIcebergTheory)*Repetition*Focusonfacts“Findwhatgaveyoutheemotion;whattheactionwasthatgaveyoutheexcitement.Thenwriteitdownmakingitclearsothereaderwillseeittooandhavethesamefeelingasyouhad.”HemingwayslanguageStyle 23*Fewadjectivesoradverbs,fewconventionalemotivelanguage,fewauthorialcomments*Simple,short,conventionalwordsandsentences*Concise,vividHenotedthat,“awritersstyleshouldbedirectandpersonal,hisimageryrichandearthy,andhiswordssimpleandvigorous.Thegreatestwritershavethegiftofbrevity,arehardworkers,diligentscholarsandcompetentstylists”24Thephrase,HemingwaycodeherooriginatedwithscholarPhilipYoung.HeusesittodescribeaHemingwaycharacterwholivescorrectly,followingcertainprinciplesofhonor,courage,andendurancewhichinalifeoftensionandpainmakeamanaman.1.TheHemingwayCodeHeroSelf-disciplinedKnowledgeableSkillfulPoisedHonestCourageousPersistentStoic25“Graceunderpressure”istheirmottoWhateveristheresultis,theyarereadytolivewithgraceunderpressure.Nomatterhowtragictheendingis,theywillneverbedefeated.Finally,theywillprevailbecauseoftheirindestructiblespiritandcourage.Theyhideasensitiveheartunderatoughexterior26 Typical traits for the Code Hero:1.TheHemingwayheroisnotathinker,heisamanofaction.Buthisactionsarebaseduponaconceptoflife.2.“Graceunderpressure”istheirmotto3.TheHemingwaycodeheroesarebestrememberedfortheirindestructiblespirit.“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.”-From The Old Man and the Sea4.Maintainingfree-willandindividualism,neverweaklyallowingcommitmenttoasinglewomanorsocialconventiontopreventadventure,travel,andactsofbravery.5.AdmittingthetruthofNada 273.theicebergtheory,sometimereferredtoastheoryofomission.Hemingway believed that a good writer did not need to reveal every detail of a character or action.“The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.”In his writing the facts float above water;the supporting structure and symbolism operate out-of-sight.281932年，海明威在他的纪实年，海明威在他的纪实性作品性作品午后之死午后之死中，第中，第一次把文学创作比做漂浮在一次把文学创作比做漂浮在大洋上的冰山，他说：大洋上的冰山，他说：“冰冰山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为他只有八分之一在水面上。他只有八分之一在水面上。”简洁的文字、鲜明的形象、丰富的情感和深刻的简洁的文字、鲜明的形象、丰富的情感和深刻的思想是构成思想是构成”冰山原则冰山原则”的四个基本要素。具体的四个基本要素。具体地说，文字和形象是所谓的地说，文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一八分之一”，而情，而情感和思想是所谓的感和思想是所谓的“八分之七八分之七”。29If a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader,if the writer is writing truly enough,will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.“如果一位作家对于他想写的东西心里很有数，如果一位作家对于他想写的东西心里很有数，那么他可能省略他所知道的东西，读者呢，只那么他可能省略他所知道的东西，读者呢，只要作家写得真实，会强烈的感觉到他所省略的要作家写得真实，会强烈的感觉到他所省略的地方，好象作者写出来似的。地方，好象作者写出来似的。”显而易见，作显而易见，作家在这里强调的是省略，主张水面下的的家在这里强调的是省略，主张水面下的的“八八分之七分之七”应该留给读者去感受。应该留给读者去感受。30HemingwaysIcebergTheory “Ialwaystrytowriteontheprincipleoftheiceberg.Thereisseven-eightsofitunderwaterforeverypartthatshows.Anythingyouknowyoucaneliminateanditonlystrengthensyouriceberg.Itisthepartthatdoesntshow.”“Isometimesthinkthatmystyleissuggestiveratherthandirect.Thereadermustoftenusehisimaginationorlosethemostsubtlepartofmythoughts.”“Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabout,hemayomitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.”-Hemingway31写在最后写在最后成功的基成功的基础在于好的学在于好的学习习惯The foundation of success lies in good habits32谢谢聆听 学习就是为了达到一定目的而努力去干,是为一个目标去战胜各种困难的过程,这个过程会充满压力、痛苦和挫折Learning Is To Achieve A Certain Goal And Work Hard,Is A Process To Overcome Various Difficulties For A Goal33