从高考题看情态动词对过去推测的课件

从高考题看情态动词对过去推测的从高考题看情态动词对过去推测的虚拟表达法虚拟表达法易百英语教研室制作易百英语教研室制作公培强公培强1从高考题看情态动词对过去推测的虚拟表达法易百英语教研室制作情态动词对过去推测的虚拟表达即“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构是情态动词这一语法当中的一个难点，也是历届高考试题考查的一个重点，因此，大家必须理解并牢固掌握这一结构的特点和用法。下面我结合近年来相关高考试题，就“情态动词+have+过去分词”这一结构的基本用法作如下归纳和分析。2情态动词对过去推测的虚拟表达即“情态动词+have+过去分1.“must+have+ved”用于肯定句当用于肯定句当中，表示对过去所发生的动作或存在中，表示对过去所发生的动作或存在的状态很肯定的一种推测，意为的状态很肯定的一种推测，意为“一一定定”、“想必想必”。31.“must+have+ved”用于肯定句当中，例1.He_have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.(NMET 2005北京)A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant 简析简析:答案为B。本题考查“must+have+ed”结构表示对过去的肯定推测用法。句意为：他一定是完成了工作，否则，他不会在海边玩的这么开心。而“should+have+ed”则表示应该做某事却没做；“cant+have+ed”是“must+have+ed”的否定式；wouldnt表示“不会”均不符合题意。故B正确。4例1.He_have completed his 例2.Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?Something _to him.（2005江西）A.must happen B.should have happened C.could have happened D.must have happened简析简析:答案为D。由上句句意可知，汤姆从来上班不迟到的，说明他在对方说话前肯定出了什么事情，表示一种很肯定的推测。故D正确。5例2.Tom is never late for work例3.-Guess what!I have got A for my term paper.-Great!You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.（NMET 2007上海）A.mustB.should C.must haveD.should have简析简析:答案为C。“must+have+ed”结构表示对过去可能性的肯定推测，由语境“I have got A for my term paper”可知，他在得A之前肯定进行了大量的阅读并倾注了许多心血。故C正确。6例3.-Guess what!I have got2.“can/could+have+ed”表示对过表示对过去某情况的可能性的否定或质疑，意去某情况的可能性的否定或质疑，意为为“不可能（已经）不可能（已经）了了”或或“可可能（已经）能（已经）了了”。多用于否定句。多用于否定句和疑问句当中和疑问句当中；用于肯定句中，表示用于肯定句中，表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾，意为对过去没有做某事的遗憾，意为“本本来应该来应该的（但实际上却没有的（但实际上却没有）”，含有轻微的责备。，含有轻微的责备。72.“can/could+have+ed”表示对过去某例1.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who_ have taken it?(NMET 2003上海春季)A.should B.must C.could D.would简析简析:答案为C。should+have+ed表示本来应该做某事而却没做；must+have+ed表示过去一定那样做了，would have+ed常用于表示虚拟语气，均不符合题意。could have taken表示对过去可能性的推断，由上句可知，我的英汉词典不在了，可能是谁把它拿走了。故C正确。8例1.My English-Chinese dictiona例2.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _your lecture.(NMET 2000上海)A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attended C.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attended简析简析:答案为A。cant/couldnt+have+ed表示对过去的否定性推测，意为“不可能”，由“My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,”可知，他不可能参加讲座。故A正确。9例2.My sister met him at the Gr例3.You _ it better,but you were too careless.A.shouldnt have done B.could have done C.neednt have done D.mustnt have done简析简析:答案为B。could have done表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾，本句意为“本来应该做的更好的（但实际上由于太粗心却没有做好）”，含有轻微的责备。故B正确。10例3.You _ it better,but y3.“may/might+have+ed”用用于肯定句或否定句中，表示对过于肯定句或否定句中，表示对过去发生某事的可能性的推测，意去发生某事的可能性的推测，意为为“或许（已经）或许（已经）”或或“或或许还没有许还没有”。113.“may/might+have+ed”用于肯定句例 Sorry,Im late.I _have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.(NMET 2000京、皖春季卷)A.might B.should C.can D.will简析简析:答案为A。might+have ed表示过去可能做某事，由所提供的语境“Im late”可知，说话人可能把闹钟关上了，而不是本来不应该把闹钟关上而关上了。而“should+have+ed”表示本来应该做某事而却没做；“can+have+ed”表示对过去某情况的可能性的推测，多用于否定句和疑问句当中；will常用来表示将来或意愿。故A正确。12例 Sorry,Im late.I _hav再如：Yesterday,Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she might have said something she would regret later.昨天，琼离开了讨论会。否则她或许会说些她后来感到后悔的事情的。13再如：Yesterday,Jane walked away4.“should/ought to+have+ed”，用于肯定句中，表示对过去没有做某用于肯定句中，表示对过去没有做某事得遗憾，意为事得遗憾，意为“本来应该本来应该的的（但实际上却没有（但实际上却没有）”，往往含，往往含有责备的意思；用于否定句当中，表有责备的意思；用于否定句当中，表示对做过的事的责备，意为示对做过的事的责备，意为“本来不本来不该该的（但实际上却已经的（但实际上却已经了）了）”。144.“should/ought to+have+ed例1.-My cats really fat.-You _ have given her so much food.(NMET 2007湖南)A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.mustnt 简析简析:答案为C。couldnt+have+ed表示对过去的否定性推测,意为“不可能”;“must+have+ed”的否定式推测用cant+have+ed”，而不用mustnt+have+ed;wouldnt+have+ed结构常用于虚拟语气当中，均不符合题意。shouldnt+have+ed表示对做过的事的责备，意为“本来不该给猫太多的食物的（但实际上却已经给了它太多的食物了，以致于猫太胖了）”。故C正确。15例1.-My cats really fat.15例2.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come,but why didnt you?(NMET 1999上海)A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have简析简析:答案为D。must+have+ed结构表示对过去可能性的肯定推测；need 表示推测常用于否定句当中；should+动词原形表示（现在）应该那么做；ought to+have+ed表示本来应该做而没有做，意为“昨天的宴会上有许多有趣的事，你理应来的，但你为什么没来呢？”。故D正确。16例2.There was a lot of fun at 例3.Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You_her last week.(NMET2004福建)A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told简析简析:答案为D。该题考查情态动词对过去的推测。should+have+ed表示“本该做而没做某事”，其否定式为“本不该做而做了”。此句表示“你本该上周告诉她的（却没有告诉）”，故D正确。17例3.Ill tell Mary about her n5“neednt+have+ed”结构结构表示表示“过去没有必要做某事，但过去没有必要做某事，但实际上却做了实际上却做了”，意为意为“本来可以本来可以不必不必的（可实际上却已经的（可实际上却已经了）了）”。185“neednt+have+ed”结构表示“过去例 Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You_it.I could manage it myself.(NMET2005，福建)A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done简析简析:答案为B。此题考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用。mustnt do意为“不许做”；shouldnt have done意为“本来不应该做而做了”，这两个选项在意义上都不通，neednt do表示一般时态的没必要；neednt have done表示“本来没有必要”，指对过去事件的评论，这与句意“你本来没有必要替我打扫房间的”，因为“我自己能打扫的”是一致的。故B正确。19例 Catherine,I have cleaned t巩固练习巩固练习1.-She looks very happy.She _ have passed the exam.-I guess so.Its not difficult after all.（NMET 2007江苏）A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might2.He_have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt enjoy himself by the seaside.(NMET2005北京)A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant 3.I put my umbrella here behind the door a moment ago,but its gone.Who _it away by mistake?A.can take B.might take C.could have taken D.must have taken20巩固练习1.-She looks very happ4.No wonder you caught a cold.You _out last night without a coat.I know how silly I was.A.shouldnt have gone B.mustnt have gone C.couldnt have gone D.mightnt have gone5.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It_a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been6.Although there is no life on Mars now,some scientists think that there _ some form of life a long time ago.A.must beB.may have beenC.can have beenD.could be214.No wonder you caught a cold7.The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him,I suppose.(NMET2007安徽)A.should B.can C.would D.must8.Look！There was plenty of time.We _.A.mustnt have hurried B.couldnt have hurried C.must not hurry D.neednt have hurried9.Dont be so anxious about that.John _ a note.A.may leave B.should leave C.might have left D.can have left10.You_to the school earlier this morning because you have a lot of homework to do.A.should come to B.ought to have come C.can come to D.might come to 227.The teacher _ have thougKeys:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C B 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.B 23Keys:23