免疫程序和应用技术--免疫学ppt课件

免疫程序和应用技术 免疫学课件免疫程序和应用技术 免疫学课件1Genetic ExcellenceHy-Line Technical Service School June 2014免疫程序和应用技术Vaccination Programs and Application TechniquesKenton Kreager,DVMHy-Line International Hy-Line InternationalHy-Line Technical Service Scho后备鸡和产蛋鸡免疫程序的制定Designing Vaccination Programs for Pullets and Layers后备鸡和产蛋鸡免疫程序的制定Designing Vacci基本的注意事项 Basic Considerations预计的发病状况 Disease exposures expected马利克和传染性法氏囊比较流行Mareks and Infectious Bursal Disease(IBD)are universal支原体和传喉不同时发病Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG)and Laryngotracheitis(LT)vary in farm exposure传染性法氏囊母源抗体水平 Maternal antibody levels-IBD能拿到的疫苗 Vaccines available能否或习惯于喷雾或饮水免疫 Ability/preference for spray or water习惯全部活疫苗还是灭活疫苗免疫程序Preference for all-live vs killed program基本的注意事项 Basic Considerations预4基本原则Basic Rules根据母源抗体水平制定早期免疫程序Early vaccinations timed according to maternal antibody levels基本原则Basic Rules根据母源抗体水平制定早期免疫5IBD母源抗体衰减和免疫应答百分比IBD Maternal Antibody Decline and%Response to Vaccination应应答答百百分分比比IBD滴度滴度日龄日龄IBD母源抗体衰减和免疫应答百分比IBD Maternal6IBD母源抗体衰减和免疫应答百分比IBD Maternal Antibody Decline and%Response to Vaccination应应答答百百分分比比IBD滴度滴度日龄日龄IBD母源抗体衰减和免疫应答百分比IBD Maternal7基本原则 Basic Rules根据母源抗体水平制定早期免疫程序Early vaccinations timed according to maternal antibody levels逐步增加新城疫和支气管炎活疫苗的免疫活性Gradually increase reactivity of live Newcastle(ND)/bronchitis(IBV)vaccinations 免疫活性受以下影响 Reactivity affected by毒株（新城疫Lasota比B1活性高）Strain(LaSota Newcastle more reactive than B1)免疫途径（喷雾比饮水活性强）Route(spray more reactive than water)不要同时增加两种免疫活性Dont increase reactivity of both at same time基本原则 Basic Rules根据母源抗体水平制定早期免疫8基本原则 Basic Rules根据母源抗体水平制定早期免疫程序Early vaccinations timed according to maternal antibody levels逐步增加新城疫和支气管炎活疫苗的免疫活性Gradually increase reactivity of live Newcastle-bronchitis vaccinations两种不同呼吸道活苗免疫之间间隔2周 传喉和新支Allow two weeks between different live respiratory vaccinations-LT and Newcastle/Bronchitis(N/B)基本原则 Basic Rules根据母源抗体水平制定早期免疫9基本原则 继续 Basic Rules continued最后一次活苗基础免疫和灭活苗注射免疫之间间隔5-6周Allow 5-6 weeks between last live primer and killed injection(?)产蛋舍中使用灭活的新支二联疫苗或者活增强疫苗，提供产蛋期保护Use either killed N/B vaccine or live boosters in layer house to extend protection through lay至少进行一次新支二联喷雾免疫，刺激自身的呼吸道免疫力Use at least one live N/B spray to stimulate the local respiratory immunity基本原则 继续 Basic Rules contin10美国基础免疫程序Basic U.S.Vaccination Program日龄日龄 Age疫苗疫苗 Vaccine免疫途径免疫途径 Route出雏出雏 hatchHVT/Rispens鼠伤寒沙门氏菌鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Herpes Virus Turkey(HVT)/Rispens Salmonella typhimurium(ST)皮下注射皮下注射Subcutaneous 喷雾喷雾 Spray 18-20天天 18-20 daysIBD中等毒株中等毒株 IBD intermediate strain饮水饮水 Water24-26天天 24-26 daysIBD中等毒株中等毒株 IBD intermediate strain饮水饮水 Water30-32天天 30-32 daysIBD中等毒株中等毒株 IBD intermediate strain饮水饮水 Water马萨诸塞马萨诸塞B-1株株B-1 Massachusetts(Mass)/Connecticut饮水饮水 Water6-8周龄周龄 6-8 weeks新城疫新城疫B-1 和和ST B-1 Newcastle&ST喷雾喷雾 Spray阿肯色株支气管炎阿肯色株支气管炎 Mass-Arkansas(Ark)bronchitis喷雾喷雾 Spray12-14周龄周龄 12-14 weeks鸡痘鸡痘 Avian encephalomyelitis-Fowl Pox刺种刺种 Wingweb喉气管炎喉气管炎 Laryngotracheitis滴眼滴眼 Eyedrop沙门氏菌沙门氏菌-新城疫新城疫-支气管炎支气管炎 Salmonella enteriditis(SE)-Newcastle-Bronchitis注射注射 Injection美国基础免疫程序Basic U.S.Vaccination11其他免疫注意事项 Optional vaccination considerations全部喷雾免疫程序（不适用于IBD）All-spray program(not recommended for IBD)支气管炎-其他血清型或自生型Bronchitis other serotypes or autogenousIBD-变体或高致病型，HVT载体疫苗IBD variants or highly pathogenic type,HVT vectored vaccines活疫苗-第一周饲料或饮水免疫Coccivac first week in feed or water霍乱-活苗或灭活苗，2次，6-8周间隔Cholera live or killed,twice,6-8 weeks apart呼肠孤-对蛋鸡或蛋种鸡一般不需免疫Reovirus generally not needed for layers or layer breeders鸡痘和鸽痘可用于提供针对网状组织内皮增生病毒的扩展保护-与多种鸡痘关联Fowl and pigeon pox used to broaden protection against reticuloendotheliosis virus-associated variant pox其他免疫注意事项 Optional vaccination12其他免疫注意事项Optional vaccinations ontinued喉气管炎-传统的鸡胚源或组织培养源活病毒，通过滴眼、喷雾、饮水或者痘或HVT载体进行免疫LT traditional chicken embryo origin(CEO)or tissue culture origin(TCO)live virus by eyedrop,spray,or water,or pox or HVT vectors鼻炎-上笼前菌苗免疫2次Coryza bacterin twice before housing鸡毒支原体-活苗（3种产品）或菌苗MG live(3 products)or bacterin滑囊液支原体 可用菌苗，活苗逐渐可用Mycoplasma synoviae(MS)bacterin available,live becoming available肠炎沙门氏菌/鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 2-3次活苗免疫，或1-2次菌苗免疫，或两种结合SE/ST live 2-3 times,or 1-2 bacterins,or combo大肠杆菌 Zoetis公司活的基因敲除疫苗，2-3次E.coli live Zoetis gene-deleted 2-3 times新城疫/支气管炎 每6-8周活增强疫苗免疫或上笼前灭活苗免疫N/B live boosters every 6-8 weeks or killed vaccine prior to housing其他免疫注意事项Optional vaccinations13世界性的注意事项 International Considerations禽流感 Avian Influenza(AI)在有些国家（如中国），采用灭活油苗进行H5和H9常规免疫，育雏育成期免疫2-3次H5 and H9 routinely vaccinated against in some countries(China)with killed oil-emulsion vaccines 2-3 times in growing period外来新城疫（内脏强毒型或神经型）Exotic Newcastle(velogenic viscerotropic or neurotropic)需要全程保持最强免疫力 Maximum immunity needed at all times早期开始多种强活苗免疫 Multiple strong live vaccines,starting very early育雏育成期多种灭活油苗注射免疫 Multiple killed oil-emulsion injections used in grow产蛋期每4-6周采用LaSota株喷雾，进行加强免疫 Boost with LaSota spray every 4-6 weeks in lay新基因型的新城疫 New genotypes of Newcastle未来会有新的活苗？New live vaccines in future?自生的？Autogenous?世界性的注意事项 International Conside14世界性的注意事项 International Considerations减蛋综合症 Egg Drop Syndrome(EDS)育雏育成后期或上笼前进行一次灭活油苗注射免疫Single killed oil-emulsion injection late in grow or at housing肺炎病毒（TRT或头部肿胀综合症）Pneumovirus(TRT or swollen head syndrome)一种温和的呼吸道疾病，在蛋鸡中问题很大Mild respiratory disease of questionable significance in layers欧洲出现血清型A/B，美国只有C型（火鸡）Serotypes A/B present in Europe,only type C in US(turkeys)育雏育成中期活苗喷雾1-2次Live spray 1-2 times in mid-grow(Nemovac)随后进行+/-灭活油苗注射+/-killed oil-emulsion injection later 世界性的注意事项 International Conside15剧毒型IBD Very virulent IBD多次活苗免疫Multiple applications of intermediate-plus live vaccineZoetis Bursa Plus,Merck 228EHVT载体IBD（早期免疫力？）Vectored HVT-IBD(early enough immunity?)支气管炎变异型 Bronchitis variants以其他类型作为疫苗：4/91,793/B，QXOther types used as vaccines:4/91,793/B,QX使用多种类型的疫苗建立较差保护，以应对我们尚无疫苗的变异类型General rule that use of multiple types create better cross-protection against variants we may not have as vaccines（Mass plus 4/91足以应对中国的QX株）(Mass plus 4/91 adequately covers Chinese QX)世界性的注意事项世界性的注意事项 International Considerations剧毒型IBD Very virulent IBD世界性的注16载体疫苗 Vectored Vaccines携带针对其他疾病的免疫蛋白基因的HVT马利克疫苗或鸡痘病毒（载体）HVT Mareks vaccine or fowl pox virus(the vector)that carries genes for immunogenic proteins for other diseases作为载体病毒复制体，可以产生外来病毒的蛋白，并使免疫系统产生拮抗反应As vector virus replicates,produces these other foreign disease proteins that the immune system reacts against获得“纯净”的IBD或LT免疫力，而不用担心活病毒的反应、散播或时效Get“free”IBD or LT immunity without concern about live virus reaction,shedding,or timing载体疫苗 Vectored Vaccines携带针对其他疾病17基因工程载体疫苗Genetic Engineering of Vector VaccineHVTIBDVP2HVTVP2VP2IBDrecombinantvector基因工程载体疫苗Genetic Engineering o18在美国可以得到的重组疫苗Recombinant Vaccines Available in U.S.HVT-vector HVT载体Pox-vector 鸡痘载体LTMerck Innovax-LTCEVA Vectormune HVT-LTCEVA Vectormune FP-LTMGCEVA Vectormune FP-MGIBDCEVA Vectormune HVT-IBD Merial Vaxxitek HVT-IBDAICEVA Vectormune AI H5Merial Trovac-AIV H5NewcastleCEVA Vectormune HVT-NDV Merck Innovax-NDCEVA Vectormune FP-N Merial Trovac Pox-NDV在美国可以得到的重组疫苗Recombinant Vacci19IBD载体疫苗 Vectored Vaccines for IBDMerial Vaxxitek HVT+IBDCEVA Vectormune HVT-IBD美国现场应用效果很好，但对于有剧毒型IBD的国家可能不能提供足够早的保护US field results appear mostly good,but maybe not early enough protection for countries with vvIBD与标准活苗相比成本较高Increased cost compared to standard live疫苗便利性和可能更好的保护力是否值得？Worth it for convenience and possibly better protection?IBD载体疫苗 Vectored Vaccines for 20LT载体疫苗 Vectored Vaccines for LTMerck Innovax HVT-LTCEVA Vectormune FP-LT美国现场应用结果存在变化，可能无法像标准CEO活苗那样提供强效的保护US field results are variable,but probably not as strong protection as from standard CEO live vaccine与标准活苗相比成本较高Increased cost compared to standard live疫苗的便利性和可能更高的安全性是否值得？Worth it for convenience and possibly greater safety?LT载体疫苗 Vectored Vaccines for L21成功使用载体疫苗的关键Keys to Successful Use of Vector Vaccine需要鸡只尽可能的与载体病毒反应（外来蛋白）Want the birds to get as much reaction as possible to the vector virus(and foreign proteins)应该是在群体中第一次并且仅一次的使用载体病毒Should be the first and only use of the vector virus in the flock不要将HVT/IBD或HVT/LT载体与其他任何HVT产品混合（常规的或载体的）Dont mix HVT/IBD or HVT/LT vector with any other HVT product(regular or vector)不要使用一日龄鸡痘，以后也不要使用鸡痘载体Dont use day-old pox and then a vectored pox later in lifeHVT载体需要与SB-1或Rispens株联合使用以获得较好的马利克保护力HVT vector needs to be combined with SB-1 or Rispens for good Mareks protection成功使用载体疫苗的关键Keys to Successful22疫苗的使用技术 Vaccine Application Techniques疫苗的使用技术 Vaccine Application Te疫苗类型和应用途径Types of Vaccines and Application Routes 活苗或弱毒苗Live or modified live群体应用 Mass applied饮水 Drinking water喷雾 Spray个体应用 Individually applied刺种 Wingweb滴眼 Eyedrop灭活苗 Killed vaccines注射 Injection疫苗类型和应用途径Types of Vaccines an24活苗的群体应用Mass Application of Live Vaccines1.饮水免疫 Water VaccinationIBD,第一次N/B，LT，AE IBD,initial N/B,LT,AE2.喷雾免疫 Spray Vaccination随后的N/B，MG,LTLater N/B,MG,LT相对快速并且便宜Relatively fast and inexpensive活苗的群体应用Mass Application of Li25饮水免疫 Water Application注意事项 Considerations:2小时内喝光疫苗 Want vaccine consumed 2 hours需要鸡群比较渴 Need birds to be thirsty早晨开灯时免疫 Vaccinate when lights come on in morning第一小时喝掉全天 30%的饮水 Consume 30%of water for day in first hour去掉前一天的睡 Water withdrawal for part of day before所有鸡应该得到相同剂量 All birds should get equal dose严格计划合适的用量 Critical to plan for proper volume水线中的剩余水量 Residual water volume in the lines使用蓝色染料帮助观察添加疫苗的饮水 Blue dye helps see vaccine-treated water污染的水线 Contaminated water lines合理使用疫苗稳定剂 Proper use of vaccine stabilizer可能的话保持饮水清凉 Keep water cool if possible饮水免疫 Water Application注意事项 Co26喷雾免疫 Spray Vaccination用量足够以保证均匀覆盖每只鸡（每10000剂量1.5加仑或5.5升）Use adequate volume to uniformly cover all birds(1.5 gal or 5.5 liters per 10,000 doses)使用蒸馏水或自来水中加入稳定剂Use distilled water or tap water with stabilizer使用蓝色染料Use blue dye保持喷雾液体清凉Keep spray solution cool水压和喷头类型影响的雾滴大小Particle size affected by line pressure and nozzle type喷雾免疫 Spray Vaccination用量足够以保证27喷雾免疫 Spray Application大雾滴喷雾 Coarse Spray50-200 微米 50-200 microns直喷面部 Need to hit directly in face与滴眼或饮水类似 Similar to eyedrop or water初次N/B，沙门氏菌，大肠杆菌 Initial N/B,salmonella,E.coli小雾滴喷雾 Fine Spray5-50微米 5-50 microns5-10微米可吸入 5-10 microns truly respirable使鸡舍充满雾滴，保持一段时间让鸡只吸入雾滴 Fog up house and allow time to breathe in易受空气流行的影响 More susceptible to air movement随后的N/B Later N/B每只鸡得到1/1000的剂量 Spray gets about 1/1000 dose in bird不适用与IBD或MG Not adequate for IBD or MG喷雾免疫 Spray Application大雾滴喷雾 28喷雾免疫 Spray Vaccination低光照强度下喷雾 Spray birds with light at low intensity加大用水量以增加覆盖度 Use more water to improve coverage喷雾目标是鸡的头部 Target of the spray is the head of the bird避免散养鸡扎堆 Do not allow floor birds to pilev喷雾过程中关掉风扇 Turn off fans during spray vaccinationv对于高层鸡舍不要在大风天喷雾 In high rise houses do not spray on windy days喷雾免疫 Spray Vaccination低光照强度下喷雾29个体免疫 Individually-Administered Vaccinations刺种-鸡痘或禽脑脊髓炎/鸡痘Wing Web Pox or AE/Pox滴眼-LT,MGEye Drop LT,MG注射 ND/IB+/-IBD,MG,SEInjection ND/IB+/-IBD,MG,or SE个体免疫 Individually-Administered30刺种免疫 Wing Web Vaccination用于鸡痘，禽脑脊髓炎-鸡痘，鸡贫血病，霍乱活苗Used for pox,pox-AE,CAV,live cholera通常在6周龄后Usually after 6 weeks需要两人一组Requires two-person team接种鸡痘的唯一办法Only method to administer pox刺种免疫 Wing Web Vaccination用于鸡痘，31刺种免疫 Wing Web Vaccination在适当地点穿刺well-placed wing web stick翅网膜中央center of wing web避开网膜边缘的羽毛avoids feathers at web edge刺种免疫 Wing Web Vaccination在适当地点32刺种免疫 Wing Web Vaccination确保刺种针上有疫苗Be sure that vaccine has been pick up by stabber reservoir将刺种针穿透皮肤Push stabber completely through the bare skin避开羽毛、血管、肌肉和骨骼Avoid feathers,blood vessels,muscle and bone药瓶数量与鸡数匹配Match number of vaccine vials with number of birds刺种免疫 Wing Web Vaccination确保刺种针33鸡痘“效果”Pox“takes”免疫后5-9天会有肿胀Swelling 5-9 days after vaccination刺种点会有豌豆大小的肿胀Small pea-sized swelling at injection site正确免疫并且鸡只作出应答的直接证据Positive evidence that the vaccine was administered properly and that the bird has responded鸡痘“效果”Pox“takes”免疫后5-9天会有肿胀34滴眼免疫 Eyedrop Vaccination适用于LT，MG，N/B免疫 Used for LT,MG,N/B vaccination一滴一头份One dose/one drop通常与鸡痘或灭活苗注射一起进行Usually combined with handling for pox and/or killed injection观察舌头是否变蓝Look for blue on tongue确保疫苗在严重，鸡眨眼并且/或者吞咽Make sure it stays in eye and bird blinks and/or swallows滴眼免疫 Eyedrop Vaccination适用于LT，35灭活苗注射免疫 Killed Vaccine Injection肌肉注射肌肉注射-胸肌胸肌-腿肌腿肌-大腿大腿Intramuscular-IM into breast leg thigh容易注射到肌肉中，特别是胸肌 Easier to inject into a muscle mass,especially the breast如果老鸡用于生产鸡肉，容易造成残留损伤Likely to cause residual lesions if old hens are processed for meat皮下注射皮下注射 颈部颈部-腹股沟腹股沟Subcutaneous-SQ neck inguinal fold很难正确注射-经常发现漏免鸡只Harder to inject correctly-frequently see missed birds容易扎到自己 Self-injection more likely使用蓝色或绿色染料使用蓝色或绿色染料-马利克疫苗染料马利克疫苗染料-500ml瓶中瓶中1-2ccUse blue or green dye Mareks vaccine dye 1-2 cc per 500 ml bottle.白色羽毛上便于看到颜色（代表漏免鸡只）Easier to see color on white feathers(indicating missed birds使用前将疫苗加热到使用前将疫苗加热到38以降低机体组织反应以降低机体组织反应Warm vaccine to 100 F or 38 C prior to use to reduce tissue reaction 灭活苗注射免疫 Killed Vaccine Injecti36灭活苗免疫 Inactivated Vaccines产蛋前3-4周注射Injected 3 to 4 weeks prior to egg production通常是N/B联合IBD，MG，或SECommonly N/B with IBD,MG,or SE油佐剂可以延长对免疫系统的刺激Oil adjuvant prolongs stimulation of immune system羽毛上的油（带颜色）表示漏免Oil(color)on feathers indicates a missed bird注射到胸肌上部，龙骨和肩骨之间Inject on upper breast between point of keel and point of shoulder-inch,20 gauge needles灭活苗免疫 Inactivated Vaccines产蛋前37ND/IB灭活苗注射 Injection of Killed ND/IB与与ELISA血液检测工作人员讨论血液检测工作人员讨论Evaluate the crew with ELISA blood work注射后等注射后等3-4周或更久周或更久Wait 3-4 weeks or more after injection新城疫新城疫ELISA滴度：滴度：ND ELISA titers:免疫应答比支气管炎快速且强烈 Responds quicker and higher than bronchitis在图的右侧明显分组 Should be tightly grouped high on the right side of the graph“漏免”在左侧，滴度明显很低 “Misses”are obviously lower on the left side免疫的和漏免的鸡区别明显 More obviously distinguishes hit and missed birds支气管炎支气管炎ELISA滴度：滴度：IB ELISA titers:围绕在图的中间分组 Should be grouped around the middle of the graph“漏免”不容易发现，但与新城疫相关联 “Misses”less obvious,but should correlate to NewcastleND/IB灭活苗注射 Injection of Kille38ELISA滴度-正常灭活苗免疫应答ELISA titers normal killed responseELISA滴度-正常灭活苗免疫应答ELISA titers39较差的灭活苗滴度均匀度Poor killed titer uniformity较差的灭活苗滴度均匀度Poor killed titer 40