幼师英语Unit-8-儿童的艺术发展课件

Unit8ChildrenChildrens Aesthetic s Aesthetic DevelopmentDevelopment 儿童的艺术发展儿童的艺术发展PracticeforChildrensEnglishTeachingSkills1、Playthefollowinggameforchildren.2、Read the expressions for classroom management3、Readthefollowingstory4、Read the following rhymes5、Read the following chants6、Sing the following song1、Playthefollowinggameforchildren.ComeWithMother（跟着妈妈来）（跟着妈妈来）Teacherpretendstobemotherhorseandinvitethe“colts”tofollowheraroundtheroomasshegallopsandplays.Continuebytakingtherolesofothermotheranimalssuchasacat,ahen,orasheep,andaskchildrentoactasbabiesanddotheactions.2、Read the expression for classroom management我们来玩一个猜谜游戏。我们来玩一个猜谜游戏。Lets play a guessing game.（3）（4）游戏的名字叫。The name of the game is./The game is called.（5）谁想要玩游戏？谁想要玩游戏？Who wants to play a game?游戏的名字叫游戏的名字叫。The name of the game is./The game is called.(8)石头、剪刀、布。石头、剪刀、布。Paper,scissors,stone.(9)闭上眼睛，不能偷看。闭上眼睛，不能偷看。Closeyoueyesandnopeeking!(10)准备好了吗？开始。准备好了吗？开始。Areyouready?Go!(11)你们丢了一分。你们丢了一分。Youloseapoint.(12)你只能做坐下去了。你只能做坐下去了。Youhavetositdown.(13)真遗憾！真遗憾！Whatapity！(14)胜利了。胜利了。Winner,winner,yeah,yeah,yeah.(15)你赢了。你赢了。Youarethewinner.(16)最快的队赢。最快的队赢。Thefastestteamwins.(17)我把你们分成两队。我把你们分成两队。Illdivideyouintotwoteams.(22)要再玩一次游戏吗？要再玩一次游戏吗？Canweplaythegameoncemore?/Canwedoitagain?(23)游戏结束了。胜利者可以得到粘纸。游戏结束了。胜利者可以得到粘纸。Gamesareover.Winnerscanownstickers.(24)祝你下次好运。祝你下次好运。Betterlucknexttime.3、ReadthefollowingstoryTheStoryaboutPingOnceuponatimetherewasabeautifulyoungducknamedPing.Pinglivedwithhismotherandhisfatherandtwosistersandthreebrothersandelevenauntsandsevenunclesandforty-twocousins.TheirhomewasaboatwithtwowiseeyesontheYangtzeriver.Eachmorningasthesunrosefromtheeast,Pingandhismotherandhisfatherandsistersandbrothersandauntsandunclesandforty-twocousinsallmarched,onebyone,downalittlebridgetotheshoreoftheYangtzeriver.FirstAlldaytheywouldhuntforsnailsandlittlefishandotherpleasanttingstoeat.Butintheeveningasthesunsetinthewest,“La-la-la-lei!”wouldcalltheMasteroftheboat.QuicklyPingandallhismanyfamilywouldcomescurrying,quicklytheywouldmarch,onebyone,upoverthelittlebridgeandontothewise-eyedboatwhichwastheirhomeontheYangtzeriver.Pingwasalwayscareful,veryverycarefulnottobelast,becausethelastducktocrossoverthebridgealwaysgotaspankontheback.Butoneafternoonastheshadowsgrewlong,PingdidnothearthecallbecauseatthatmomentPingwaswrongsideuptryingtocatchalittlefish.BythetimePingwasrightsideuphismotherandhisfatherandhisauntswerealreadymarching,onebyone,upoverthebridge.BythetimePingreachtheshorethelastofhisforty-twocousinshadcrossedthebridge!Pingknewhewouldbethelast,theverylastduckifhecrossedthebridge.Pingdidnotwanttobespanked.Sohedid.Pinghidbehindthegrasses,andasthedarkcameandthepalemoonshoneintheskyPingwatchedthewise-eyedboatslowlysailawaydowntheYangtzeriver.Therewasnofatherormother,nosisterorbrothers,noauntsoruncles,andnoforty-twocousinstogofishingwithPing,soPingstartouttofindthem,swimmingdowntheyellowwatersoftheYangtzeriver.Asthesunrosehigherinthesky,boatscame.Bigboatsandlittleboats,fishingboatsandbeggarsboats,houseboatsandraftboats,andalltheseboatshadeyestoseewith,butnowherecouldPingseethewise-eyedboatwhichwashishome.AllnightlongPingsleptnearthegrassesonthebankoftheriverwithhisheadtuckedunderhiswing,andwhenthesunroseupfromtheeastPingfoundhewasallaloneontheYangtzeriver.Therewasnofatherormother,nosistersorbrothers,nounclesoraunts,andnoforty-twocousionstogofishingwithPing,soPingstartedtofindthem,swimmingdowntheyellowwatersoftheYangtzeriver.Asthesunrosehigherinthesky,boatscame.Bigboatsandlittleboats,fishingboats,andlittleboats,fishingboats,andbeggarsboats,houseboatsandraftboats,andalltheseboatshadeyestoseewith,butnowherecouldPingseethewise-eyedboatwhichwashishome.Therecameaboatfullofstrangedarkfishingbirds.PingsawthemdivingforfishfortheirMaster.AseachbirdbroughtafishtohisMasterhewouldgivealittlepieceoffishforpay.CloserandcloserswoopedthefishingbirdsnearPing.NowPingcouldseeshinningringsaroundtheirnecks,ringsofmetalmadesotightthebirdscouldneverswallowthebigfishtheywerecatching.Swoop,splash,theringedbirdsweredashinghereandthereallaboutPingsodownheduckedandswamundertheyellowwateroftheYangtzeriver.WhenPingcameuptothetopofthewaterfarawayfromthefishingbird,hefoundlittlecrumbsfloating,tenderlittlericecakecrumbswhichmadeapathtoahouseboat.AsPingatethesecrumbs,hecamenearerandnearertothehouseboat,then-SPLASH!Thereinthewaterwasaboy!AlittleboywithabarrelonhisbackwhichwastiedtoaropefromtheboatjustasallboatboysontheYangtzeriverwastiedtotheirboats.IntheBoyshandwasaricecake.“Oh-owwwooo!”criedthelittleBoyandupdashedPingandsnatchedatthericecake.QuicklytheBoygrabbedPingandheldhimtight.“Quack-quack-quack-quack!”criedPing.“OH!-Ohh-ooo!”yelledthelittleboy,PingandthelittleboymadesuchasplashingandsuchanoisethattheBoysfathercamerunningandtheBoysmothercamerunningandtheBoyssisterandbrothercamerunningandtheyalllookedovertheedgeoftheboatatPingandtheboysplashinginthewateroftheYangtzeriver.ThentheBoysfatherandmotherpulledattheropewhichwastiedtothebarrelonthelittleBoysback.AlldaylongPingcouldseeonlythethinlinesofsunwhichshonethroughthecracksinthebasket,andPingwasverysad.AfteralongwhilePingheardthesoundofoarsandfeltthejerk,jerk,jerkoftheboatasitwasroweddowntheYangtzeriver.Soonthelinesofsunshinewhichcamethroughthecracksofthebasketturnedrosecolor,andPingknewthesunwassettinginthewest.Pingheardfootstepscomingneartohim.Thebasketwasquicklylifted,andthelittleBoyshandswereholdingPing.Quickly,quietly,theBoydroppedPingoverthesideoftheboatandPingslippedintothewater,thebeautifulyellowwateroftheYangtzeriver.Pinglookedandtherenearthebankoftheriverwasthewise-eyedboatwhichwasPingshome,andPingsawhismotherandhisfatherandhisauntsallmarching,onebyone,upoverthelittlebridge.SwiftlyPingturnedandswam,paddlingtowardtheshore.NowPingcouldseehisunclesmarching,onebyone.Paddle,Paddle,Pinghurriedtowardtheshore.Pingsawhiscousionsmarching,onebyone.Paddle,Paddle,Pingnearedtheshore,butAsPingreachedtheshorethelastofPingsforty-twocousionsmarchedoverthebridgeandPingknewthathewasLATEagain!ButupmarchedPing,upoverthelittlebridgeandSPANKcamethespankonPingsback!ThenatlastPingwasbackwithhismotherandhisfatherandtwosistersandthreebrothersandelevenauntsandsevenunclesandforty-twocousins.Homeagainonthewise-eyedboatontheYangtzeriver.4、Read the following rhymes IntheFarmyard（在农场）（在农场）InthefarmyardAndtheendoftheday,ListentowhatTheanimalssay.Thecowsays,“Moo.”Thepigeon,“Coo.”Thesheepsays,“Baa.”Thelambsays,“Maa.”Thehen,“cluck,cluck.”“Quack,”saystheduck.Thedog,“Bow-wow.”Thecat,“Meow.”ThenthebarnIscloseduptight,AndthefarmerSays,“Goodnight.”AnimalsNeck（动物的脖子）（动物的脖子）Agiraffehasaverylongneck,Withspitsallupanddown.Mydoggyhasafurryneck,Withacollarthatgoesallaround.Afishhasaverysmoothneck,Withscalesthataresoshiny.Youcantseeanantsneck,becauseitissotiny.TwoBabySheep（两只小绵羊）（两只小绵羊）Twobabysheepwerebornonthefarm.Eachworeawoolycoattokeepthemwarm.ThebrothersnamewasJacob,ThesistersnamewasJean.Theybothlikedtonibbleontheclovesogreen.Gobble,Gobble（咯咯叫）（咯咯叫）Aturkeyisafunnybird,Hisheadgoeswobble,wobble,Andheknowsjustoneword,Gobble,gobble,gobble.FiveLittleFishes（五条小鱼）（五条小鱼）Fivelittlefishiesswimminginapool,Firstonesaid,“Thepooliscool.”Secondonesaid,“Thepoolisdeep.”Thirdonesaid,“Iwanttosleep.”Fourthonesaid,“Letsdiveanddip.”Fifthonesaid,“Ispyaship.”Fishermansboatcomes,Linegoesker-splash,Awaythefivelittlefishiesdash.AnimalPoem（动物歌）（动物歌）Imalittlekitty,Ilovetotippytoe.Wontyoudoitwithme?Readynow,letsgo.Imalittlerabbit,Ilovetohop,hop,hop.Comeonanddoitwithme.Itsfun,wellneverstop.Imagreatbigelephant,Itakebigstepssoslow.Idlovetohaveyoujoinme,Readynow?Letsgo.Imalittledog,Ilovetorunandrun.Ifyouwoulddoitwithme,Wecouldhavesuchfun.5、Read the following chants TwoLittleBlackbirds（两只小八哥）（两只小八哥）Twolittleblackbirdssittingonahill.OnenamedJack,andonenamedJill.Flyaway,Jack.Flyaway,Jill.Comeback,Jack.Comeback,Jill.Caterpillar（毛毛虫）（毛毛虫）Caterpillar,Caterpillar.Crawl,crawl,crawl.Closeyoureyesandgotosleep.Wakeup,wakeup.Spreadyourarms.Butterfly,butterfly.Flyaway.TeddyBear（泰迪熊）（泰迪熊）TeddyBear,TeddyBear,turnaround,TeddyBear,TeddyBear,touchground,TeddyBear,TeddyBear,showyourshoe,TeddyBear,TeddyBear,thatwilldo!FiveLittleMonkeys（五只小猴）（五只小猴）Fivelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.Onefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.”Fourlittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.Onefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.”Threelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.Onefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.”Twolittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.Onefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeysjumpingonthebed.”Onelittlemonkeyjumpingonthebed.Hefelloffandbumpedhishead.Mamacalledthedoctorandthedoctorsaid,“Nomorelittlemonkeyjumpingonthebed.”BearHunt（捉熊）（捉熊）Imgoingonabearhunt.Iseeaswamp.Cantgounderit,Cantgooverit,Havetogothroughit.Slush,slush,slush,slush,slush.Imgoingonabearhunt.Iseeabridge.Cantgounderit.Cantgothroughit.Havetogooverit.Thump,thump,thump,thump,thump.Imgoingonabearhunt.Iseeastream.Cantgounderit.Havetogooverit.Havetogothroughit.Splash,splash,splash,splash,splash.Imgoingonabearhunt.Iseeatree.Cantgounderit.Cantgooverit,Havetoclimbit.Imgoingonabearhunt.Iseeacave.Letsclimbdown.Down,down,down,down,down.Letsgointhecave.Ifeelsomething.Ifeelsomethingfurry.Itfeelslikeabear.Itlookslikeabear.Itisabear!Up!Down!Splash,splash,splash.Thump,thump,thump.Slush,slush,slush.Woo!6、Sing the following songTheEensyWeensySpider（小蜘蛛）（小蜘蛛）Questionsfortextdiscussionelementn.要素要素,元素元素sensitivityn.敏感度敏感度,灵敏度灵敏度responsivenessn.响应能力响响应能力响,作出响应作出响应awarenessn.意识，认识意识，认识emergevi.显现显现,浮现浮现actuallyadv.实际上实际上,事实上事实上preferencen.偏爱偏爱,explorativeadj.探究的探究的,探险的探险的unfoldv.展开展开,打开打开;显露显露,展现展现sensorialadj.知觉的知觉的,感觉的感觉的discriminatev.区别区别,featuren.特征特征,特色特色;面貌的一部分面貌的一部分(如眼如眼,鼻鼻,口等口等)measurementn.测量测量,度量度量mathematicaladj.数学的数学的expressiveadj.表达的表达的,有表现力的有表现力的,brushvt.刷刷,画画bulletinn.公告公告boardn.木板木板refrigeratorn.电冰箱电冰箱artworkn.艺术品艺术品,美术品美术品processn.过程过程productn.产品产品,作品作品containvt.包含包含,容纳容纳pasten.浆糊浆糊,面团面团squeezev.压榨压榨,挤榨挤榨patv.轻拍轻拍poundvt.重击重击,捣烂捣烂clay n.粘土粘土,泥土泥土,havetodowith与与有关有关ratherthan而不是；宁可而不是；宁可也不愿也不愿placeemphasison重视；强调重视；强调ChildrensAestheticDevelopmentThebasicelementsofaestheticdevelopmentaresensitivityandresponsivenesstobeautyinoursurroundings,especiallyofnatureandart.Thedevelopmentofaestheticawarenessemergeswhenchildrenfeelpleasureintheirexpressions,findnewwaystoenjoytasks,usetheirimaginations,andexplorenewanddifferentobjects.Thewordaestheticactuallyhastodowithrespondingtoourenvironmentthroughoursenses.Usingsomeorallofthesensestoparticipateinartactivitiesallowschildrentodeveloppreferencesforcolor,form,shapeandsound,andalsoallowschildrensexplorativeandcreativeabilitiestounfold.Anactivityaboutthecolorsfoundintheoutdoorsincreasesawarenessofcolorsinnature.Aschildrenwonder,explore,anddiscover,theyenhancetheirsensorialskillstodiscriminatethefeaturesintheirsurroundings.Appropriateartactivitiesencouragerelaxation,exploration,andpleasure.Childrenbenefitfromartexperienceswhenactivitiesaresuitable.Childrenwhoengageinartexperiencesdevelopconceptsinothercurriculumareas.Wallpaintinginvolvesmeasurementtasksthatgivechildrenastarttohavemathematicalconcepts.Childrenwhoareallowedtobeexpressivethroughartaremorelikelytohavepositivefeelingsaboutthemselvesandothersastheytogetherbrushpaintonthesamepaper.Bulletinboardsandhomerefrigeratorsarethebestplacestoputontheartworks.Teachersshouldencourageappreciationfortheprocessratherthanthefinalproduct.Theprocesscontainsthewaythatchildrenexpressthemselves,explorethepaste,andmovethepaintbrushacrossthepaper.Squeezing,pulling,patting,pounding,androllingclayorhanging,collecting,andpaintingaremoreimportanttothechildrensdevelopmentthanthefinalproduct.Asateacherofyoungchildren,youneedtoplaceemphasisonoperation,exploration,andexpression.1、Thebasicelementsofaestheticdevelopmentaresensitivityandresponsivenesstobeautyinoursurroundings,especiallyofnatureandart.艺术发展的基本元素是对环境中美的敏感度和反应，特艺术发展的基本元素是对环境中美的敏感度和反应，特别是在自然和艺术环境中。别是在自然和艺术环境中。especiallyofnatureandart在在of前省略了前省略了inthesurroundings。2.Thewordaestheticactuallyhastodowithrespondingtoourenvironmentthroughoursenses.艺术这个词其实是与我们通过感官对环境作出的艺术这个词其实是与我们通过感官对环境作出的反应有关。反应有关。havetodowith与与有关有关e.g.Thebookhastodowithcomputers.那本那本书与计算机有关。书与计算机有关。3.Usingsomeorallofthesensestoparticipateinartactivitiesallowschildrentodeveloppreferencesforcolor,form,shapeandsound,用一些或所有感官来参与用一些或所有感官来参与艺术活动让儿童对颜色，形式，形状和声音产生喜爱，艺术活动让儿童对颜色，形式，形状和声音产生喜爱，preferencefor对对偏爱偏爱e.g.Apolarbearhasapreferenceforcoldweather.北极北极熊喜欢寒冷的天气。熊喜欢寒冷的天气。Headmittedastrongpreferenceforthisproduct.他承他承认对这个产品有强烈的偏爱。认对这个产品有强烈的偏爱。4.allowschildrensexplorativeandcreativeabilitiestounfold.让儿童的探究和创造能力得以展现。让儿童的探究和创造能力得以展现。unfoldv.展开展开,打开打开;显露显露,展现展现e.g.Heunfoldedamap.他摊开地图。他摊开地图。Thestoryunfoldsasthefilmgoeson.情节随着影片的进情节随着影片的进展逐步展开。展逐步展开。Asthemistcleared,amostbeautifulviewunfoldedbeforetheireyes.薄雾散去薄雾散去,美丽的景色逐渐呈现在他们的美丽的景色逐渐呈现在他们的眼前。眼前。5.Anactivityaboutthecolorsfoundintheoutdoors在户外找颜色的在户外找颜色的活动活动foundintheoutdoors是过是过去分词作定语，修饰去分词作定语，修饰thecolors。6.discriminatethefeaturesintheirsurroundings.区别周区别周围事物的特征。围事物的特征。featuren.特征特征,特色特色;.面貌的一部分面貌的一部分(如眼、鼻、口等如眼、鼻、口等)e.g.Theislandschieffeaturewasitsbeauty.这个岛的主要特色这个岛的主要特色是风景秀丽。是风景秀丽。Hereyesareherbestfeature.她的眼睛是她容貌最美的一部分她的眼睛是她容貌最美的一部分vt.以以为特色为特色,是是特征特征e.g.Round-the-clockservicefeaturesthisstore.日夜服务是这家日夜服务是这家商店的特色。商店的特色。Themagazineisfeaturinghisarticles.这杂志正在特载他的文这杂志正在特载他的文章。章。7.Childrenbenefitfromartexperienceswhenactivitiesaresuitable.当活动合适时，儿童受益于当活动合适时，儿童受益于艺术的体验。艺术的体验。（1）benefitvt.有益于，对有益于，对有好处有好处e.g.Thatwasahealthprogrammetobenefiteveryone.那是一项对人人都有好处的健康计划。那是一项对人人都有好处的健康计划。Thenewhospitalwillbenefittheentirecommunity.新医院将有益于整个社区。新医院将有益于整个社区。（2）vi.受益，得到好处受益，得到好处(常与常与by，from连用连用):e.g.Manyofthepoorbenefitfromsocialprogrammes.许多穷人都从社会项目中获益。许多穷人都从社会项目中获益。Neitherofthembenefitedbywhathadhappened.他他俩谁也没从发生的事情中得益。俩谁也没从发生的事情中得益。（3）n.利益，好处利益，好处e.g.Thebooksisofgreatbenefittostudents.那本书对学生们很有好处。那本书对学生们很有好处。8.Childrenwhoengageinartexperiencesdevelopconceptsinothercurriculumareas.参加艺术体验的儿童发展了其他课程领域的概念。参加艺术体验的儿童发展了其他课程领域的概念。engagein从事；参加：从事；参加：e.g.Idontengagemyselfinsuchaffairs.我不参与这种事情我不参与这种事情。Onlythoseanimalsthatactivelyengageinlearningcangettokeepthenewcells.只有那些积极从事学习的动物才能保留住这些新只有那些积极从事学习的动物才能保留住这些新细胞。细胞。beengagedin忙于，从事于：忙于，从事于：e.g.Hehasbeenengagedintextilebusinessformanyyears.他从他从事纺织品生意已有多年了。事纺织品生意已有多年了。10.Teachersshouldencourageappreciationfortheprocessratherthanthefinalproduct.教师应鼓励对过程的欣赏而非最终的作品。教师应鼓励对过程的欣赏而非最终的作品。ratherthan而不是，与其而不是，与其倒不如倒不如e.g.Weaimatqualityratherthanquantity.我们的目的在于质量而不在于数量。我们的目的在于质量而不在于数量。Theseshoesarecomfortableratherthanpretty.这些这些鞋与其说漂亮还不如说舒服。鞋与其说漂亮还不如说舒服。11.youneedtoplaceemphasisonoperation,exploration,andexpression.你需要重视操作，探究和表达。你需要重视操作，探究和表达。place/put/layemphasison重视；强调重视；强调e.g.Weshouldplaceemphasisonthisproblem.我们应当强调这我们应当强调这个问题。个问题。Weputemphasisonthefriendlyrelationbetweenthepeopleofallcountries.我们强调各国人民之间的友好关系。我们强调各国人民之间的友好关系。Torealizethestablegrowthofeconomy,wemustlayemphasisonbotheconomicbenefitsandsocialbenefits.要实现经济稳步增长，我们必须强调要实现经济稳步增长，我们必须强调经济利益和社会利益的同时并举。经济利益和社会利益的同时并举。DyslexiaDyslexiaisaproblemthatinterfereswiththeabilitytorecognizewordsandconnectsoundswithletterswhenpeopleread.Peoplewiththislearningdisordermayalsohaveproblemswhentheywrite.Dyslexiaisnotrelatedtoeyesightorintelligence.Theprobleminvolvesareasofthebrainthatprocesslanguage.Brainscientistsarestudyingwhethertheycanpredictwhichyoungchildrenmaystrugglewithreading,inordertoprovideearlyhelp.JohnGabrieliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyisleadingastudyoffive-year-oldsinabouttwentyschoolsintheBostonarea.Theypartnerwithschoolsthathavekindergartens.Andinthisstudywhattheydois,forallthechildrenwhoseparentspermitthemtoparticipate,theygivethemabriefsetofpaper-and-pencilteststolookatwhichchildrenappeartobeatsomeriskforstrugglingtoread.Sofar,fiftyofthekindergartenershavebeenexaminedinamachinethatshowsbrainactivity.ThegoalistostudyfivehundredchildrenusingfMRI,orfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging.Thescannerusesahigh-energymagneticfieldandradiowavestolookinsidethebody.Writtentestsarenotalwaysabletoidentifydyslexiaorotherproblems.ProfessorGabrielisayschildrencandifferalotintheirabilitiesfromdaytoday.Hesaysbrainscansmayofferamorescientificwaytoidentifyproblems.Andwithreadingproblems,earlyidentificationisimportant.Readingproblemsarenotusuallyidentifieduntilachildisinthethirdorfourthgrade.Thelongerthewaitbeforechildrenarerecognizedaspoorreaders,hesays,thelesstheseinterventionscanhelp.And,asProfessorGabrielipointsout,poorreadingcanmakeeducationastruggle.Duringthebrainimaging,thechildrenaregiventasksrelatedtoreading.Theyworkwithlettersandsoundsoflanguage.Thebrainscansmeasuretheextenttowhichcertainpartsofthebrainbecomeactivewhilethechildrendothework.Theneuroscientistssaytheyarepleasedwithearlyresultsfromthestudy,buthavealotmoreworktodo.阅读障碍阅读障碍阅读障碍是在人阅读时，干扰识字能力，干扰文字与阅读障碍是在人阅读时，干扰识字能力，干扰文字与语音结合的一种病。患上这种学习障碍的人也会有书写语音结合的一种病。患上这种学习障碍的人也会有书写障碍，阅读障碍与视力或智力无关，与大脑内处理语言障碍，阅读障碍与视力或智力无关，与大脑内处理语言的区域有关。的区域有关。脑科科学家在研究是否能预测儿童有阅读问题，从而脑科科学家在研究是否能预测儿童有阅读问题，从而提供及早的帮助。在波士顿区的提供及早的帮助。在波士顿区的20多所学校里，麻省多所学校里，麻省理工学院的理工学院的JohnGabrieli领导一项针对领导一项针对5岁儿童的研究。岁儿童的研究。他们跟有开设幼儿园的学校合作，经父母许可，他们跟有开设幼儿园的学校合作，经父母许可，对孩子们进行简短的书面测试，看哪些孩子有阅读对孩子们进行简短的书面测试，看哪些孩子有阅读障碍的可能。障碍的可能。目前，已经有目前，已经有50所幼儿园使用显示大脑活动的所幼儿园使用显示大脑活动的仪器进行了检查，目的是用磁共振成像对仪器进行了检查，目的是用磁共振成像对500名儿名儿童进行研究。这台脑扫描仪器使用高能磁场和无线童进行研究。这台脑扫描仪器使用高能磁场和无线电波做身体内部检查。电波做身体内部检查。笔试不总是能诊断出诵读障碍等问题，笔试不总是能诊断出诵读障碍等问题，Gabrieli教授教授说，儿童的能力每天都会有很大差异，大脑扫描提供一说，儿童的能力每天都会有很大差异，大脑扫描提供一个诊断问题的更科学途径，对诵读障碍来说，尽早发现个诊断问题的更科学途径，对诵读障碍来说，尽早发现非常重要。非常重要。通常，阅读障碍要在孩子上通常，阅读障碍要在孩子上3或或4年级时才能识别出，年级时才能识别出，孩子被鉴别出阅读困难之前的时间越长，干预的效果就孩子被鉴别出阅读困难之前的时间越长，干预的效果就越差。越差。Gabrieli博士还说，对阅读困难的孩子来说，接博士还说，对阅读困难的孩子来说，接受教育会很艰难。受教育会很艰难。在大脑成像过程中，会给孩子们布置诵在大脑成像过程中，会给孩子们布置诵读相关的任务，他们做字母游戏并读出字读相关的任务，他们做字母游戏并读出字母的发音。脑扫描会测量孩子此时大脑特母的发音。脑扫描会测量孩子此时大脑特定区域的活跃程度。神经科学家表示，他定区域的活跃程度。神经科学家表示，他们对这项研究的早期成果很满意，但还有们对这项研究的早期成果很满意，但还有很多工作要做。很多工作要做。