定向钻孔轨迹ppt课件

中国煤炭科工集团西安研究院钻探所中国煤炭科工集团西安研究院钻探所煤矿井下定向钻进轨迹控制煤矿井下定向钻进轨迹控制煤矿井下定向钻进轨迹控制1定向钻进轨迹控制技术定向钻进轨迹控制技术1、螺杆钻具造斜原理2、工具面向角对钻孔轨迹影响3、钻孔轨迹控制原理4、开分支工艺与重入分支孔工艺5、钻孔轨迹控制实例分析定向钻进轨迹控制技术1、螺杆钻具造斜原理2 1.25O外径mm钻头尺寸mm头数级数长度m重量kg排量lpm转速rpm上紧扭矩Nm输出扭矩Nm最大过载拉力kN最大钻压kN最大压降kPa7382-1144:532.8562.5113-365160-375162025789272758螺杆钻具造斜原理螺杆钻具造斜原理测斜仪无磁钻杆旁通阀马达万向轴传动轴钻头 1.25O外径钻头尺寸mm头数级数长度重量排量lpm转速3螺杆钻具造斜原理螺杆钻具造斜原理 螺杆钻具螺杆钻具是一种把液体的压力能转换为机械能的能量容积式正排量动力转换装置，主要由螺杆马达（定子、转子）总成、万向轴总成、传动轴总成三大部分组成。采用螺杆钻具进行钻进，不需要钻杆旋转，泥浆泵输出冲洗液进入螺杆马达，在马达进出口形成一定压差，推动马达转子旋转，通过万向轴和传动轴将转速和扭矩传递给钻头，从而达到碎岩的目的。螺杆钻具造斜原理 螺杆钻具是一种把液体的压力能转4螺杆钻具造斜原理螺杆钻具造斜原理 螺杆钻具能够进行定向钻进主要基于三个缘由：一、螺杆钻具工作时钻头回转破碎岩石，而螺杆外管及钻杆柱不回转；二、可以连接不同角度的定向或可调弯外管；三、可随钻进行倾角和方位的测量。螺杆钻具造斜原理 螺杆钻具能够进行定向钻进主要基于三个5随钻测量系统随钻测量系统孔底马达和钻头下无磁钻杆送水器上无磁钻杆钻杆测量探管 监视器高压送水胶管通讯电缆YHD1-1000随钻测量系统连接示意图随钻测量系统连接示意图 随钻测量系统孔底马达和钻头下无磁钻杆送水器上无磁钻杆钻杆测量6随钻测量系统随钻测量系统 用于近水平定向钻孔施工过程中的随钻监测，可随钻测量钻孔倾角、方位、工具面向角等主要参数，实现孔口钻孔参数、轨迹的即时显示，便于施钻人员随时了解钻孔施工情况，并及时调整工具面方向和工艺参数，使钻孔尽可能的按照设计的轨迹延伸。随钻测量系统 用于近水平定向钻孔施工过程中的随钻监测，可7工具面向角工具面向角 工具面：定向钻进所用造斜钻具的两个轴线所确定的平面，称为工具面。工具面向角：在孔底圆平面内，以圆心与圆周上最高点连线为始边，顺时针转到工具面与孔底圆平面的交线所转过的角度，以“”表示，介于“0360”。螺杆钻具的“工具面向角”就是通常所说的马达“弯头”朝向。钻进过程中通过改变弯头的朝向，使钻孔实现定向弯曲变化。工具面向角 工具面：定向钻进所用造斜钻具的两个轴线所确8工具面向角修正工具面向角修正 在以下情况时，必须校正工具面向角：（1）开新孔时，具体方法：螺杆钻具弯接头必须指向正上方，通信线连接正常后：开新孔打开钻孔设计数据“MK_1.xml”读数据工具面向角修正 在以下情况时，必须校正工具面向角9工具面向角修正工具面向角修正 在以下情况时，必须校正工具面向角：（2）螺杆钻具与探管外管间任何一螺纹被卸开，后螺 纹涂胶重新拧紧后，具体方法：螺杆钻具弯接头必须指向正上方，通信线连接正常后：探管检测开始检测判断工具面值工具面值是否接近0 0o o（360360o o）a)若工具面值处于355o o0 0o o（360360o o）5o o,无需修整工具面无需修整工具面 b)若不接近，则：调整工具面校正工具面开始测量保存工具面向角修正 在以下情况时，必须校正工具面向角10钻头孔底马达下无磁钻杆探管外管上无磁钻杆上无磁探管外管接头下无磁探管外管接头下无磁马达接头通缆钻杆工具面向角修正工具面向角修正钻头孔底马达下无磁钻杆探管外管上无磁钻杆上无磁探管下无磁11工具面向角对钻孔轨迹影响工具面向角对钻孔轨迹影响 螺杆钻具的“工具面向角工具面向角”就是我们通常所说的马达马达“弯头弯头”朝向朝向。钻进过程中通过改变弯头的朝向，使钻孔实现定向弯曲变化。工具面向角0（360）弯头向上工具面向角270弯头向左工具面向角90弯头向右工具面向角180弯头向下工具面向角对钻孔轨迹影响 螺杆钻具的“工具面向角12工具面向角对钻孔轨迹影响工具面向角对钻孔轨迹影响倾角：倾角：、方位角：方位角：、工具面：工具面：马达弯造斜最大强度：A、方位角增减分量：Asin、倾角增减分量:Acos0（360）27090180AsinAcosA0（360）27090180增斜：增斜：增方位：增方位：降斜：降斜：增方位：增方位：降斜：降斜：降方位：降方位：增斜：增斜：降方位：降方位：工具面向角对钻孔轨迹影响倾角：、方位角：、工13倾角控制原理倾角控制原理假设设计倾角：0，则倾角控制在：-2 2 21-1-2-2-11221-1-2-2-11降斜稳斜增斜稳斜降斜稳斜增斜稳斜10026010026080280降斜稳斜增斜802800上下偏差倾角控制原理假设设计倾角：0，则倾角控制在：-2 14方位角控制原理方位角控制原理假设设计方位角：330，则方位角控制在：325 335 325327332335335332327325330左右偏差335332327325325327332335降方位增方位降方位增方位19035010170降方位增方位方位角控制原理假设设计方位角：330，则方位角控制在：15钻孔轨迹控制原理钻孔轨迹控制原理a）准确识别地层变化：根据矿方提供的煤层采掘工程面图（含煤层等高线），分析出钻孔轨迹处煤层倾角变化，结合实钻轨迹上下偏差、钻进前后返渣岩性变化，判断出当前钻头处于煤层哪一层位（顶板岩层、底板岩层、煤）。b)调整工具面使钻孔沿煤层钻进：根据地层变化，应及时调整工具面来控制方位角变化，使钻孔轨迹在水平面投影图上沿设计轨迹左右波动，在此基础上可参考设计轨迹倾角值控制倾角变化，使钻孔尽量处在煤层中延伸。钻孔轨迹控制原理a）准确识别地层变化：根据矿方提供的煤层采掘16钻孔轨迹控制原理钻孔轨迹控制原理c）提钻开分支绕过钻进障碍区域：如：因顶板、底板岩性较硬而进尺缓慢，陷落柱、断层附近煤层松散破碎易卡埋钻，因与原钻孔串孔、煤层裂隙发育钻井液漏失。当遇到以上情况时，应提钻至安全煤层区域开分支孔绕过该区域。d)了解煤层真实走势：在实际钻进过程中，要求每钻进一定距离将弯头方向调整为垂直向上，使钻孔快速钻至顶板以确定出顶板所处的层位标高，然后后退到合适位置开分支继续钻进，如此反复，再将两次探顶点连线的延长线作为下一段钻进时的参考顶板，从而保证钻孔尽量在煤层中钻进。钻孔轨迹控制原理c）提钻开分支绕过钻进障碍区域：如：因顶板、17钻孔轨迹计算方法钻孔轨迹计算方法钻孔轨迹计算方法18开分支工艺开分支工艺1、分支点选择：需在煤层中，以便在硬度软的煤层中裸眼造斜开分支，向下开分支 当倾角0O时,工具面0O当倾角0O时,工具面0O当倾角0O时,工具面180O分支孔成孔几率极低极低分支孔成孔几率高高分支点选择：尽量选择“倾角增加倾角增加孔段”开分支工艺当倾角0O时,当倾角0O时,分支孔成孔几率极低20开分支工艺开分支工艺2、开分支工具面向角选择：采用分支点附近孔段背向工具面向角开分支 当原钻孔方位角增加时，工具面向角180o260o 当原钻孔方位角减少时，工具面向角100o180o3、开分支钻进参数选择：采用减压（给进压力）、控时钻进 开分支工艺2、开分支工具面向角选择：3、开分支钻进参数选择：21开分支工艺开分支工艺4、判断开分支是否成功依据：分支一段孔深处可用随钻测量仪器检测出倾角、方位角值与原钻孔轨迹对比，是否按开孔工具面作用产生偏差 给进压力增加 泥浆泵压略有增加 钻孔返水含煤粉增多（变黑）开分支工艺4、判断开分支是否成功依据：22钻具重入分支工艺钻具重入分支工艺 提钻后，当要将钻具重新下入原分支孔时，需在每个分支点处调整工具面向角，下入一定孔深后，测斜数据与原钻孔轨迹对比，分析钻具是否在要进入的分支孔内。钻具重入分支工艺 提钻后，当要将钻具重新下入原分支孔时，需23轨迹控制实例分析轨迹控制实例分析双柳矿双柳矿 自2010年5月29日至6月9日，共定向施工主孔1个，探顶6次，探底3次，试验总进尺1242m。其中主孔孔深744米，1#分支孔钻进至54米时，由于煤层在200m至450m煤层起伏较大，并在300米探到底板两次，开分支孔较多，为防止孔内事故发生，提钻至210米开2#分支孔。2#分支孔孔深102米，施工过程中未出现孔内事故轨迹控制实例分析双柳矿 自2010年5月29日至624轨迹控制实例分析轨迹控制实例分析双柳矿双柳矿轨迹控制实例分析双柳矿25轨迹控制实例分析轨迹控制实例分析双柳矿双柳矿轨迹控制实例分析双柳矿26轨迹控制实例分析轨迹控制实例分析杜儿坪矿杜儿坪矿 自2010年5月18日至6月10日，主孔1个、分支孔25个，探顶6次，探底3次，试验总进尺2736m，主孔最大孔深达到570m，分支孔最大孔深达246m。煤层平均厚度4.08m、煤层陷落柱发育，陷落柱密度平均25个/km2，其中仅主孔需在6个陷落柱煤层中定向穿行。轨迹控制实例分析杜儿坪矿 自2010年5月1827轨迹控制实例分析轨迹控制实例分析杜儿坪矿杜儿坪矿轨迹控制实例分析杜儿坪矿28轨迹控制实例分析轨迹控制实例分析九里山矿九里山矿 2011年9月22日至10月11日施工4号梳状钻孔，共施工1主孔，7个分支孔，最大主孔深度510m，最大分支孔深度51m，总孔深848m。轨迹控制实例分析九里山矿 2011年9月22294#梳状孔实钻轨迹平面图（上）与剖面图（下）梳状孔实钻轨迹平面图（上）与剖面图（下）4#梳状孔实钻轨迹平面图（上）与剖面图（下）30轨迹控制实例分析轨迹控制实例分析兴无矿兴无矿 2011年5月26日至6月8日施工4#钻孔，4#钻孔设计孔深702m，实钻总进尺为1355m，主孔702m均在煤层中钻进，13个分支孔累计孔深653m，其中630m在煤层中钻进，23m因探顶底在泥岩中钻进。轨迹控制实例分析兴无矿 2011年5月23180080075075070070065065060060055055050050045045040040035035030030025025020020015015010010050500 0-15-15-10-10-5-50 05 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2011年10月6日至10月20日施工2#钻孔，2#钻孔主孔深度711m，分支孔深度285m，总进尺996m。轨迹控制实例分析黄陵一号矿 2011年1342#钻孔实钻轨迹上下偏差图钻孔实钻轨迹上下偏差图2#钻孔实钻轨迹上下偏差图352#钻孔实钻轨迹左右偏差图钻孔实钻轨迹左右偏差图2#钻孔实钻轨迹左右偏差图36轨迹控制实例分析轨迹控制实例分析黄陵二号煤矿黄陵二号煤矿 2012年3月7日3月24日，在二号煤矿北二一号辅运大巷距八号联络巷50m处施工4#钻孔，主孔深度813m，分支285m，总进尺1098m。轨迹控制实例分析黄陵二号煤矿 2012年3月7日37黄陵二号煤矿施工钻孔平面图黄陵二号煤矿施工钻孔平面图38黄陵二号煤矿黄陵二号煤矿 4#钻孔实钻轨迹剖面图钻孔实钻轨迹剖面图黄陵二号煤矿黄陵二号煤矿 4#钻孔实钻轨迹左右偏差图钻孔实钻轨迹左右偏差图黄陵二号煤矿 4#钻孔实钻轨迹剖面图黄陵二号煤矿 4#钻孔实39 2012年8月,在北二一号辅运大巷正头，施工1个定向孔，主孔深度705m，分支孔927m，总计进尺1632m。1#钻孔轨迹平面布置图 2012年8月,在北二一号辅运大巷正头，施工1个定向401#钻孔上下偏差和左右偏差图1#钻孔上下偏差和左右偏差图41轨迹控制实例分析轨迹控制实例分析柳林同德矿柳林同德矿 2012年5月，同德矿施工3#钻孔，设计孔深780m，9个分支孔，由于时间限制，实际施工主孔深度786m，分支111m，累计进尺897m。轨迹控制实例分析柳林同德矿 2012年5月，同42同德矿施工钻孔平面图同德矿施工钻孔平面图43同德矿 3#钻孔轨迹左右偏差图（红色和粉色为实钻轨迹）同德矿 3#钻孔轨迹上下偏差图（红色和粉色为实钻轨迹）同德矿 3#钻孔轨迹左右偏差图（红色和粉色为实钻轨迹）同德44谢谢大家！45