CET-4作文方法教学课件

CET-4作文方法作文方法评分标准评分标准1.作文满分为15分。2.阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准卷 12份。3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如果8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加1分（即9分）或减1分（即7分）。但不得加或减0.5分。评分标准：评分标准：2分：不切题。条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎。5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。8分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分：切题。表达思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。字数不足以应酌情扣分：（1)如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。（2)只写一段者：04分；只写两段者：09分。（指规定三段的作文）英语评分实例分析英语评分实例分析 Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on Practice Makes Perfect(1997年年1月月)。You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(Given in Chinese)below:1.1.怎样理解怎样理解“熟能生巧熟能生巧”？2.2.例如：在英语学习中例如：在英语学习中3.3.又如又如14 points Practice Makes Perfect There is a popular saying“practice makes perfect”.This proverb tells us that consistent practice can result in perfect performance.Practice is of vital importance in doing everything.Let me take as an example my personal experience in learning English.When I came to the university two years ago,I had great trouble with listening comprehension.I had difficulty in understanding what the teacher said,let alone following the tapes.This was obviously due to the lack of practice when I was at middle school.With the determination to improve my listening ability,I started to read English aloud every morning and listen tapes and radio programmers every evening.My efforts paid of and in the final examination of the first term I got high marks in listening.This proverb is also applicable in other fields.It is impossible for an athlete to break the world record without hundreds and thousands of times of exercise.A dancers graceful movements are attributed to constant practice.Therefore,whatever we do,we should persist in it and keep on working until we are successful.6 points Practice Makes Perfect “Practice makes perfect”often be said by people.Its to say that if we do one thing many times then we can do it well.Although we may do it bad at once,but through sometimes we must can do it perfect.So,The English learning is the same.In order to improve our English level we must do many exercises and recite many words.On other side,if we speaking more,we will learn English speaking better.Other thing also like this,such as type.One typist perherps only can type 40 words in one minutes,at once.But through practice this recorder can improve to 100 words in one minute.and some more perfect,they can type 150 words in one minute.Therefore“practice makes perfect”suitable everything.3 points Practice Makes Perfect As we all known,practice makes perfect whats the means?I think it is said if you do more practice,you can found a good method to do all practice easily.For example,in the English study,if you do more exercise.Remember words.At last you will found all the exicise is easy to do.It seemed that you do it ever no matte how hard the exercise.Another.in the live of us.There are somebody who seemed can do everything whats the reason,it just because they do it ever.They do the practice for many times so they can do it easily.So practice makes perfect.语言运用1.运用恰当的词汇2.2.运用正确的语法3.运用合适的句子结构4.使用正确的标点符号5.运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等）Diction-the choice and use of words1.Levels of words Formal/learned/literary/big words Common words Colloquial words Slang wordsEg:offspring-children-kids male parent-father-dad-papa/old man ask-question-interrogate time-age-epoch rise-mount-ascend kingly-royal-regal2.general/abstract words specific/concrete words-clear,vivid,strikingProfessional:scientist,doctor,teacher,lawyer,journalist,Scientist:physicist,chemist,geologist,psychologist,Chemist：biochemist,a good man kind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,selfless,brave,honorable,good food tasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,fresh,appetizing1.Trees surround the water near our summer place.Old elms(榆树）surround the lake near our cabin 2.Mary walked into the restaurant.1.walk proundly and confidently prance(昂首阔步地走)strut(大摇大摆走)swagger(气昂昂地走)2.walk quietly,trying to avoid being noticed creep(蹑手蹑脚地走)sneak(偷偷地走)tiptoe(掂着脚走)3.walk quickly and purposely march(行军、行进)pace(快步走)stride(大步走)4.walk slowly and aimlessly stroll(散步散步)wander(徘徊、游荡徘徊、游荡)3.I was very happy I was overjoyed.4.I was very scared I was terrified.Very-exceedingly,extremely,greatly,intensely,pretty,quite good-positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding think-believe,hold,reckon,argue,claim.harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that Effective sentenceUnity(统一)Coherence(连贯)Conciseness(简洁)Variety(多样)语言方面的问题1.The old man lived by catching fish(cf.fishing)2.I went to the shops to buy things with my mother yesterady.(cf.shopping)3.Mr Smith usually likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France cf.Mr Smith prefers wines produced in France.Mr Smith prefers French wines.4.Fish must stay in water.If they don t,they will die.(用or来把两个句子连接成一个并列句)5.English grammar is very difficult and few writers have avoided making mistakes in grammar.(用“it”来替代grammar”)6.I can t see things clearly becaue it is too black.cf.dark7.I want the newest information.cf.latest 结构方面的问题1.Staring at the clock on the wall.I nervously began my speech.-Staring at the clock on the wall,I nervously began my speech.2.While reading the newspaper,my phone rang.-While reading the newspaper,I heard the phone ringing.3.To impress the interviewer,punctuality is essential.-To impress the interviewer,you must be punctual.If you want to impress the interviewer,punctuality is essential.4.It was raining hard,they could not work in the fields.-It was raining hard;they could not work in the fields.-It was raining hard.They could not work in the fields.-It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.-It was raining hard,so they could not work in the fields.-As it was raining hard,they could not work in the fields.5.I like dancing and to read good books6.The student wanted to know what the problem was and the due date of the essay.7.We painted the walls in the living room;the wallpaper was put up by a professional.-I like dancing and reading good books.-The student wanted to know what the problem was and when the essay was due.-We painted the walls in the living room;a professionalput up the wallpaper.四、六级作文一般要求写3段 并且只要求超过100个字，因此每一段有3到5句话就可以了。虽然字数少，但是段落总体的质量取决于一定的构思和组织能力，必须要在每一个段落里有条理地、有依据地表达一个中心思想。段落的结构应当符合一定的模式和具有某些基本特征，并遵循一定的发展方向。AI went down town to see my friend.I usually have my dinner rather late.Im going to buy a TV set.B.John has been working in a large company since graduation.He usually goes to his company by bilke.But today he decided to go there by bus，as it was snowing.段落简介1.1段落段落是构成文章的一组句子。段落必须表达完整的意思：或描写事物（describe something），或争论某事（argue about something），或对某事提出疑问（question something），或要求什么（demand something），或给事物下定义（define something），或驳斥某观点（reject something）。1.2典型段落的构成 （1）主题句（the topic sentence）（2）说明或支持主题的推展句（supporting sentences）（3）结论句（the concluding sentence）（有些段落没有该部分）主题句和扩展句的重要性段落的条理关键在于掌握主题句和扩展句的关系。一个段落在结构上有3个主要的组成部分：主题句(topic sentence)、扩展句(support sentence)和结尾句(conclusion)，其中结尾句并不是绝对要求的。这几个句子是相互关联的，其中主题句是表达段落主题的句子，它阐明一个段落的中心思想，是段落的核心，段落中的其他各句都与它紧密相连并围绕它展开。英语写作中每一个段落只能有一个中心思想，并且要用一个主题句提出。中心思想提出以后，作者接下来的任务就是解释或者说明这个中心思想。扩展句起的就是这个作用。这几个句子包括证据(evidence)，事例(examples)或者是逻辑论证(further arguments）。We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit because it causes health problems.Doctors say it can be a direct cause of cancer of the lungs and throat and can also contribute to cancer of other organs.In addition,it can bring about other health problems such as heart and lung diseases.It is clearly identified as one of the chief causes of death in our society.2.1主题句作者的首要任务是让读者知道所写段落要谈的是什么，这就是每段的主题句的作用。因此主题句应该阐明段落的主要思想，所有支持主题句的细节和描述都与这一主要思想有关。2.2如何写好主题句1.Two causes of the American Civil War.2.There were two causes that led to the American Civil War.Tip:要写合乎语法的句子2）要使用限写词限定主题为了正确表达观点，好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组，即限制词（controllers）限制这一观点。eg:Air travel is more convenient than train for at least three reasons.3）要注意主题的可写性所定的主题不能太笼统，也不能太具体。2.Let me tell you something about overpopulation.Why has the world population been increasing so rapidly in the last decades？1.Each program will focus on a particular friend who can be either a celebrity or an everyday person.Friend is a very interesting talk show.Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Spring Festival Gala on CCTV.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1.许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会 2.有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会 3.在我看来在我看来 Spring Festival,also known as the Chinese NewYear,is the most important holiday in China.For about two decades,each year on the eve of Spring Festival,most families in China watch the Spring Festival Gala on CCTV,Chinas national TV network.many people like the TV show,as it features almost four-hour long entertaining programs.They can sit with their family members and enjoy songs,dances,cross-talks and theatrical short plays.However,others argue that the gala should be cancelled,as they believe that it should not be the focus of the traditional Spring Festival.It is senseless and boring for the whole country to have a restless night and stay fixed before the television,In my opinion,the TV show should notbe cancelled.You can not do this if it still appeals to the TV viewers,if not all of them.For others,the message is simple.If you dont like it.you may find something else to do.Just make up your mind and enjoy the spirit Of the festival in whatever way you deem appropriate.51、天下之事常成于困约，而败于奢靡。、天下之事常成于困约，而败于奢靡。陆游陆游52、生命不等于是呼吸，生命是活动。、生命不等于是呼吸，生命是活动。卢梭卢梭53、伟大的事业，需要决心，能力，组织和责任感。、伟大的事业，需要决心，能力，组织和责任感。易卜生易卜生54、唯书籍不朽。、唯书籍不朽。乔特乔特55、为中华之崛起而读书。、为中华之崛起而读书。周恩来周恩来谢谢！