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Chemistry ReviewSummary of TopicsChapter 4Atomic Theory(原子学说)what are atoms made of?Names and Formulas(配平)for CompoundsChemical equations balancing equationsSummary of TopicsChapter 5Acids and BasesSaltsOrganic compounds有机化合物 alcohols醇类 乙醇 and hydrocarbons碳氢化合物Summary of TopicsChapter 6Types of chemical reactions化学反应的类型Factors affecting chemical reaction rates影响化学变化的因素 what makes chemical reactions faster or slower什么因素改变了反应速率Summary of TopicsChapter 7Atomic theory,isotopes,radioactive decay(Alpha,beta and gamma radiation)Half lifeNuclear reactions1.Which of the following are responsible for chemical bonding?A.electronsB.neutronsC.nucleiD.protonsA)What is everything made of?Everything on earth is made of matter物质.Matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space.Matter is made of atoms物质是由原子组成的.Atoms are basic基本的 building blocks of chemistry.MatterAll MatterMixture混混合物合物Pure Substance纯净物纯净物Compound化合物化合物Elements单质单质What is an atom?(A text message.)-Ion Charge-Atomic MassAtomic NumberQuestion 22Question 22(a)What is the average atomic mass of iron?_(b)How many protons are in the nucleus of an atom of iron?_(c)How many electrons are in an iron(III)ion?_55.82623Bohr DiagramsEach orbit can hold up to a certain number of electrons.1st orbit轨道轨道 maximum最多最多 2 electrons2nd orbit max 8 electrons3rd orbit max 8 electrons4th orbit up to多于多于 2 electrons*Note:In Science 10,we only draw Bohr diagrams for elements 1-20!*21.Consider the following diagram,which shows a compound composed of an atom ofhydrogen bonded to an atom of fluorine氟.(a)What type of chemical bond is illustrated by this diagram?_(b)Explain how this kind of bond forms._Covalent because they are both non-metalsThe atoms share electrons.Sodium ChlorideIonic Bond Steals Electrons!Sodium Chloride LewisIonic Compound NamesNaCl=Sodium ChlorideIonic Compound NamesMagnesium Chloride=MgCl2I have two electros to get rid ofI want one moreSoMultivalent FeF2 Iron(II)FluoridePolyatomic Ionic Compounds多原子离子化合物23.Write the names of the following ionic compounds.(a)NaBr_(b)FeF2_(c)(NH4)3PO4_Sodium BromideIron(II)FluorideAmmonium Phosphate24.Write the names of the following covalent compounds.(a)N2S3_(b)PCl5_(c)XeF6_Dinitrogen TrisulfidePhosphorus PentaclorideXenon hexafluoride3.Consider the following unbalanced chemical equation:Na+O2=Na2OWhat is the coefficient in front of Na in the balanced equation?A.1B.2C.3D.43.Consider the following unbalanced chemical equation:Na+O2=Na2OWhat is the coefficient in front of Na in the balanced equation?A.1B.2C.3D.425.Balance the following equations.(a)Sn+O2=SnO_(b)Li+H2O=LiOH+H2_(c)C3H8+O2=CO2+H2O_2Sn+O2=2SnO2Li+2H2O=2LiOH+H2C3H8+5O2=3CO2+4H204.Which of the following is a base?A.NaFB.KOHC.HClD.KNO34.Which of the following is a base?A.NaFB.KOHC.HClD.KNO35.Which of the following could be the product of a neutralization reaction between NaOH andHCl?A.NaHB.NaClC.O2D.ClOH5.Which of the following could be the product of a neutralization reaction between NaOH andHCl?A.NaHB.NaClC.O2D.ClOHExamples of the six kinds of chemical reactions:1.Synthesis化合反应2.Decomposition分解反应3.Single replacement置换反应Double replacement复分解反应4.Neutralization(acid base)中和反应5.Combustion氧化反应|燃烧反应8.Which of the following will decrease the rate of a chemical reaction?A.adding a catalyst催化剂B.grinding a chunk of reacting solid into smaller piecesC.lowering the temperatureD.raising the temperature8.Which of the following will decrease the rate of a chemical reaction?A.adding a catalystB.grinding a chunk of reacting solid into smaller piecesC.lowering the temperatureD.raising the temperature9.Consider the following equation:What type of nuclear decay is this?A.alphaB.betaC.gammaD.fissionAlpha RadiationAlpha particlesCharge 2+Not much powerBeta RadiationBeta particlesCharge-1Blocked by metal Gamma RadiationHigh Energy RadiationNo chargeBlocked only by lead and concrete9.Consider the following equation:What type of nuclear decay is this?A.alphaB.betaC.gammaD.fission10.A 24 g sample of a radioactive isotope放射性同位素 decayed衰退 to 3 g in 4 minutes.How many half liveshave passed during this time?A.1B.2C.3D.410.A 24 g sample of a radioactive isotope decayed to 3 g in 4 minutes.How many half liveshave passed during this time?A.1B.2C.3D.4Organic CompoundsAlways have _CarbonWhat are the kinds of organic compounds you studied?Hydrocarbons only carbon and hydrogenAlcohols-Carbon,hydrogen and oxygenOooooo.propane!27.Different amounts of shading indicate that two elements are present in this compound.Thelighter shaded spheres represent the element hydrogen.(a)What element is represented by the dark shaded spheres?_ b)Write the molecular formula for propane._(c)Write the structural formula for propane._Carbon C3H8Structural Form of Propane26.(a)What is an acid-base indicator?_(b)What is the color of a solution of baking soda in methyl orange indicator?_(c)A pigment that changes color in acid and basesYellowAcid/Base indicatorsPhenolphthalein indicator is added to a colorless solution.The solution turns pink after theindicator has been added.What can you conclude about the pH of the solution?_The Ph is higher than 8Ph ScaleQuestion 28(a)Na+Cl2(i)Type of reaction:_(ii)Balanced equation:_Synthesis2Na+Cl2=2NaClQuestion 28(b)HCl+NaOH(i)Type of reaction:_(ii)Balanced equation:_Acid-base neutralizationHCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O(balanced)Question 28(c)CuCl2+Al(i)Type of reaction:_(ii)Balanced equation:_3CuCl2+2Al=2AlCl3+3CuSingle replacementAlpha Radiation Question 29(a)How long is one half-life of uranium-235?_(b)What percentage of uranium-235 remains after 2000 million years?_(c)How much time passes before only 10%of the original sample of uranium-235 remains?_700 million years14-15%2300 million years
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