Introoduction of Switzerland

theSwissConfederation（瑞士联邦）（瑞士联邦）size：41,285sqkm：population：7.9millionnationalflag：nationalemblem：capital:Bernecurrency：S.Franc1history3politics5culture Contents2geography4economySwitzerland1HistoryAround1000AD.intheRomanera，itisapartoftheHolyRomanEmpireIn1291.Aug1,TheprecursorofmodernSwitzerlandestablishedaprotectivealliance,formingalooseconfederationofstates(thebeginningofswitzerlnd,soAug1becameitsNationalDay).In1648,EuropeancountriesrecognizedSwitzerlandsindependencefromtheHolyRomanEmpireanditsneutrality.In1815，inCongressofVienna,theEuropeanpowerspermanentlyagreedtoSwissneutrality.sincethen,Switzerlandwasalwaysneutralduringtheinternationalwarseveninthetwoworldwars.SofaritisnotamemberofEuropeanUnion.In1848，Switzerlandwasfoundedasafederalstate.On2002Sep20，switzerlandjionedintheUnitedNations历史十一世纪十一世纪起为起为神圣罗马帝国神圣罗马帝国一部分。一部分。1291年年8月月1日，日，几个州签约为永远联邦几个州签约为永远联邦,是瑞士建国的是瑞士建国的开始。从此八月一日成为瑞士的国庆日。开始。从此八月一日成为瑞士的国庆日。1648年瑞士联邦宣布独立。年瑞士联邦宣布独立。1815年年在在维也纳会议维也纳会议上，瑞士被定为上，瑞士被定为永久中立国永久中立国，此后，此后在历次国际战争和两次世界大战中都保持中立。在历次国际战争和两次世界大战中都保持中立。1848年年，联邦政府成立，联邦政府成立2002年年9月月10日日加入加入联合国联合国。2GeographySwitzerland,isafederalrepublicconsistingof26cantons.ItissituatedinWesternEuropeandisalandlockedcountrywhoseterritoryisgeographicallydividedbetweentheAlps,theCentralPlateauandJura.AlpsisEuropeshighestandlargestmountainrange,andthereareseveralmorethanafewthousandkilometersmountainsinSwitzerland,whicharecoverediceandsnowallyearround,andwhichmakesswissafamoustouristresortintheworld.SwitzerlandisborderedbyGermanytothenorth,Francetothewest,Italytothesouth,andAustriaandLiechtensteintotheeast.ThepopulationofSwissmostlyconcentratesinZurichandGeneva.Itisherebyknownasthe“worldgarden,kingdomofwatch,cradleoftourism”.地理 瑞士瑞士是一个位于欧洲西部的联邦制共和国，处于是一个位于欧洲西部的联邦制共和国，处于阿尔卑斯地带，为一内陆国家阿尔卑斯地带，为一内陆国家.瑞士与瑞士与德国德国、法法国国、意大利意大利、奥地利奥地利、列支敦士登列支敦士登五国交邻，领五国交邻，领土多是土多是高山高山高原高原及及湖泊湖泊.阿尔卑斯山阿尔卑斯山是是欧洲欧洲最高最大的山脉，瑞士境内独最高最大的山脉，瑞士境内独有多座数千米的山峰，和终年不化的冰雪，使他有多座数千米的山峰，和终年不化的冰雪，使他成为世界著名的旅游观光胜地成为世界著名的旅游观光胜地.瑞士人口主要集中在瑞士人口主要集中在苏黎世和日内瓦两个城市苏黎世和日内瓦两个城市。瑞士瑞士有有“世界花园世界花园”、“钟表王国钟表王国”、“旅游业旅游业的摇篮的摇篮”等美称等美称。Map of switzerlandSanktMoritz整个国家的领土被整个国家的领土被侏罗纪，高原侏罗纪，高原，阿尔卑阿尔卑斯山脉斯山脉三种地形地理分割。中部的瑞士高三种地形地理分割。中部的瑞士高原是原是海洋性气候海洋性气候，Alps是是苔原气候苔原气候，侏罗侏罗山由于海拔较高，山由于海拔较高，气候稍冷气候稍冷.国境几乎都国境几乎都在在阿尔卑斯山脉阿尔卑斯山脉之中之中,所以整个国土几乎所以整个国土几乎70%被大山覆盖。被大山覆盖。Therearethreelandforms:Alps,theCentralPlateau andtheJura.TheAlpsareconsideredTundra,theCentralPlateauisclassedasOceanicclimate andtheJuraisslightlycoolerduetohigheraltitude.AlmostthewholeswissliesintheAlps,soalmost70percentofthecountryiscoveredbymountains.capitalofswiss,birdviewofBerneSnowscapeofBernZurich is Switzerlands largest city，and is a leading financial center and global city.FourcathedralsinZurichThe JetdEau fountain in Geneva,is one of the citys most famous landmarks and the largest fountains in the world.there are many international organizations based in Geneva.GenevaJungfraujoch（少女峰）,Top of Europe SummitofMatterhornasymbolofSwitzerland马特峰马特峰DaybreakofMatterhornTitlismountain（铁力士山）（铁力士山）hastheworldsfirstrotatingcablecar007 film On.Her.Majestys.Secret.Service was shot hereschilthorn 雪朗峰SanktMoritz圣莫里茨圣莫里茨St.Moritz is a resort town ，which lies in the Eastern Alps，St.Moritz has been the host city for WinterOlympics in 1928 and 1948.It also hosted AlpineSkiingWorldChampionshipsin 1934,1974 and 2003.St.MoritzwasmentionedinJamesBondfilmGoldfinger,ForYourEyesOnly.andOnHerMajestysSecretServiceasaskiingresort.St.Moritz圣莫里茨圣莫里茨SanktMoritzlakeSanktMoritz TheRhineFallsseenfromtheRhine,locatedinnorthernlocatedinnorthernSwitzerlandSwitzerlandTheRhineFallsTheRhineFalls，isthelargestplainisthelargestplainwaterfallwaterfallininEuropeEurope,theyare150mwideand23mhigh,theyare150mwideand23mhigh3 PoliticsIn1815，in the Congress of Vienna,European countries permanently agreed to Swiss neutrality.Due .Due to its to its neutrality,it is a home to many international ,it is a home to many international organizations.organizations.The The Swiss Federal CouncilSwiss Federal Council is a seven-member is a seven-member executive executive councilcouncil that heads the that heads the federal administrationfederal administration,operating,operating as a as a combination combination cabinetcabinet and and collective presidencycollective presidency.Any Swiss citizen eligible to be a member of the Any Swiss citizen eligible to be a member of the National National CouncilCouncil can be elected;can be elected;The Federal CouncilThe Federal Council membersmembers is is elected by elected by the Federal Assemblythe Federal Assembly for a four-year term.for a four-year term.政治 18151815年维也纳会议承认为永久中立国。目前还没年维也纳会议承认为永久中立国。目前还没有加入欧盟。由于其中立国的地位，是许多全球有加入欧盟。由于其中立国的地位，是许多全球性组织的总部所在地性组织的总部所在地 瑞士联邦委员会瑞士联邦委员会瑞士联邦委员会瑞士联邦委员会是是瑞士瑞士的国家最高的国家最高行政机关行政机关行政机关行政机关，包，包括七名委员，他们共同组成瑞士的括七名委员，他们共同组成瑞士的国家元首国家元首，轮，轮流担任流担任瑞士联邦总统瑞士联邦总统。每一个有资格参选联邦委员的公民都可以参加竞每一个有资格参选联邦委员的公民都可以参加竞选，选，联邦委员联邦委员是由是由联邦国会联邦国会联邦国会联邦国会中的中的两议院两议院共同选出，共同选出，每一届任期为四年。每一届任期为四年。2011年的瑞士联邦委员与秘书长年的瑞士联邦委员与秘书长 Federal council members and Secretary-general of swizerland in 2011 国际足联国际足联 FIFA(Federation Internationale de Football Association FIFA(Federation Internationale de Football Association Lausanne Lausanne 奥委会奥委会 （IOCIOC）Olympic Committee .Olympic Committee .世界知识产权组织世界知识产权组织 World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO Geneva Geneva 世界贸易组织世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization WTO .World Trade Organization WTO .联合国粮食及农业组织联合国粮食及农业组织 (Food and Agriculture Organization)FAO .(Food and Agriculture Organization)FAO .“粮农组织粮农组织”国际货币基金组织国际货币基金组织 (International Monetary Fund)(International Monetary Fund)IMFIMF .联合国儿童基金会联合国儿童基金会 (United Nations Childrens Fund)UNICEF(United Nations Childrens Fund)UNICEF .红十字会红十字会 International Committee of the Red CrossInternational Committee of the Red Cross（ICRCICRC）.世界卫生组织世界卫生组织 World Health Organization WHO .World Health Organization WHO .Some international organizations based in swissSome international organizations based in swiss.总部设在瑞士一些国际性的组织一些国际性的组织4 Economy Swiss is one of the richest countries in the world.The Swiss is one of the richest countries in the world.The economy of it is one of the worlds most stable economy of it is one of the worlds most stable economies.It is a safe haven for investors.Switzerland economies.It is a safe haven for investors.Switzerland has achieved one of the highest per capita incomes in has achieved one of the highest per capita incomes in the world and has low unemployment rates and a low the world and has low unemployment rates and a low budget deficit.budget deficit.It has It has developed tourism,finance,banking and developed tourism,finance,banking and chemical industry.Pharmaceutical and Precision industry chemical industry.Pharmaceutical and Precision industry also have outstanding performancealso have outstanding performance.The service sector.The service sector has also come to play a significant economic role.has also come to play a significant economic role.it is a member of many important international it is a member of many important international organizations such as organizations such as UNUN(United Nations)(United Nations)WTOWTO，IMFIMF(International Monetary Fund)(International Monetary Fund)，OECDOECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentDevelopment）Word Bank Word Bank etc.etc.经济 瑞士瑞士瑞士瑞士是世界上最为富裕的国家之一，也是世界最为稳定的是世界上最为富裕的国家之一，也是世界最为稳定的经济体之一，是投资者的安全避风港。人均收入处在世界经济体之一，是投资者的安全避风港。人均收入处在世界最高行列，同时有着很低的最高行列，同时有着很低的失业率失业率失业率失业率和财政赤字。和财政赤字。拥有发达的旅游业、金融业与拥有发达的旅游业、金融业与银行业银行业；而化学工业、制药；而化学工业、制药和精密工业方面也有杰出表现。和精密工业方面也有杰出表现。工业和贸易工业和贸易在国民经济中在国民经济中占重要地位。由于拥有发达的金融产业，占重要地位。由于拥有发达的金融产业，服务业服务业在瑞士经在瑞士经济中也占有日益重要的地位。济中也占有日益重要的地位。瑞士是一些重要国际政经组织，如瑞士是一些重要国际政经组织，如联合国联合国联合国联合国、WTOWTO、IMFIMF、世界银行世界银行世界银行世界银行、OECDOECD的会员。的会员。Swiss bank has long been considered the worlds most Swiss bank has long been considered the worlds most trusted bank,about a quarter of the worlds personal trusted bank,about a quarter of the worlds personal wealth is stored here.wealth is stored here.Swiss bank deposits Swiss bank deposits account foraccount for 1/3 1/3 of of the total global the total global savings.savings.The status of a neutral country of Switzerland,a stable The status of a neutral country of Switzerland,a stable political and economic environment and political and economic environment and unique secrecyunique secrecy is the reason for the Swiss banks popularis the reason for the Swiss banks popular瑞士银行是世界上很受推崇和值得信赖的银行，大约世界瑞士银行是世界上很受推崇和值得信赖的银行，大约世界上有四分之一私人财富贮存在这儿。上有四分之一私人财富贮存在这儿。瑞士银行储蓄占全球总储蓄的三分之一。瑞士银行储蓄占全球总储蓄的三分之一。中立国家的位置，稳定的政治和经济环境，及严格的保密中立国家的位置，稳定的政治和经济环境，及严格的保密措施是瑞士银行受欢迎的重要原因。措施是瑞士银行受欢迎的重要原因。BankingBank of International Settlements in Basel 巴塞尔的国际清算银行United Bank of Switzerland the biggest bank of Europe the biggest bank of EuropeCredit Suisse-the worlds fifth largest financial Credit Suisse-the worlds fifth largest financial groups,Switzerlands second largest bankgroups,Switzerlands second largest bankThe real home of the top The real home of the top watch,which lies in western watch,which lies in western Switzerland,bordering with Switzerland,bordering with France France-Jurassic valleys valleys （瑞士钟表圣地，位于瑞士西部与瑞士钟表圣地，位于瑞士西部与法国接壤的边境法国接壤的边境-侏罗纪山谷）侏罗纪山谷）Patek Philippe百达翡丽贵族的标志 VACHELON CONSTANTIN 江诗丹顿 贵族的艺术品ROLEX劳力士手表中的霸主PIAGET伯爵至尊之宝罗杰罗杰费德勒费德勒瑞士瑞士男子职业男子职业网球网球运动员，拥有运动员，拥有ATP（国际职业网球联合会国际职业网球联合会)排名历史上排名历史上单打世界排名第一连续周数最长的纪录（单打世界排名第一连续周数最长的纪录（237周，周，20042008年间），史上最伟大的选年间），史上最伟大的选手之一手之一Roger Federer is a Swiss professional tennis player who held the ATP（Association of Tennis Professionals）no.1 position for a record 237 consecutive weeks,Federer has won a mens record 16 Grand Slam singles titles.One of the greatest tennis player The army knife was invented in 1884,the name derived from the use of Swiss soldiers.In daily life,we can use it for multipurpose such as travel,hiking,fishing,car and bicycle repair,also using for diving and model aircraft.Nescafe belongs to Nestl group in switzerlandNovartisis a multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel,Switzerland,Novartis is the sixth largest pharmaceutical company in terms of revenue($41.5 billion in 2009)in the world.5 CultureThe flag of Switzerland consists of a red square with a white cross in the centre.White symbolizes peace,justice and a bright,red symbolizes the peoples victory,happiness and enthusiasm;the entire pictorial of the flag symbolizes the unity of the nation.The square of the flag,which symbolizes diplomatic policy of impartiality and neutrality of switzerland.白色象征和平、公正和光明，红色象征着人民的胜利、幸福和热情；国旗白色象征和平、公正和光明，红色象征着人民的胜利、幸福和热情；国旗的整组图案象征国家的统一，正方形的旗帜，象征国家在外交上采取的公的整组图案象征国家的统一，正方形的旗帜，象征国家在外交上采取的公正和中立的政策。正和中立的政策。SwitzerlandhasfourSwitzerlandhasfour officiaofficial l languages.languages.瑞士有四种官方语言。瑞士有四种官方语言。TitleTitleGermanGerman德语德语 FrenchFrench法法法法语语ItalianItalian意意意意大利大利大利大利语语RomanshRomansh拉丁拉丁拉丁拉丁罗罗曼曼曼曼语语767619.219.27.67.60.60.6According to statistics,Switzerland is the country with the highest consumption of chocolate.CheeseFondue:melted cheese served in a communal pot over a spirit lamp,sometimes put some wine in the pot.there are side servings such as kirsch,raw garlic,pickled gherkins,onions and olives etc.people dip long-stemmed forks with pieces of bread into the melted cheese 是一种是一种瑞士火锅瑞士火锅，做法是把，做法是把奶酪奶酪煮溶，煮溶，在在酒精炉酒精炉温暖著的火锅中放入奶酪融温暖著的火锅中放入奶酪融化，锅里会加一点白酒，依著不同的化，锅里会加一点白酒，依著不同的口味，配有不同的配料口味，配有不同的配料,如樱桃酒，如樱桃酒，生蒜生蒜，腌黄瓜，洋葱和橄榄等。品尝，腌黄瓜，洋葱和橄榄等。品尝时，以一柄很长的时，以一柄很长的叉叉子，插上切成方子，插上切成方丁的面包、蘸着香浓的奶酪丁的面包、蘸着香浓的奶酪。CustomsCustoms 49494 4的居民信奉天主教，的居民信奉天主教，7 77 7的居民信奉的居民信奉基督教新教。瑞士人喜欢谈论的话题是：体育、基督教新教。瑞士人喜欢谈论的话题是：体育、旅行、政治及你喜欢瑞士什么地方。避免谈论减旅行、政治及你喜欢瑞士什么地方。避免谈论减肥与节食（特别是在吃饭的时候），也不要问对肥与节食（特别是在吃饭的时候），也不要问对方的年龄、做什么工作、家庭情况和私人生活。方的年龄、做什么工作、家庭情况和私人生活。49.4%ofpopulationwereCatholic,7.7%ofresidentsbelieveProtestant.The topics which swiss would like to talk about are sports,tourism,politics,and which place in Swiss they prefer to etc.They avoid talking about losing weight and being on diet.(especially when eating).Youd better not ask other peoples age,career,family and private life.DateDateChineseChineseEnglishEnglishRemarkRemark1 Jau1 Jau元旦元旦New Years DayNew Years DayMarch or AprilMarch or April 基督受基督受基督受基督受难难日日日日Good FridayGood Friday复活节前的复活节前的周五周五March or AprilMarch or April复活复活复活复活节节EasterEaster基督受难日基督受难日后后3 3天天1 May1 May 国际劳动节国际劳动节 Labor Day(May Day)Labor Day(May Day)JuneJune逾越逾越逾越逾越节节PassoverPassover与复活节同与复活节同期举行期举行I AugI Aug瑞士瑞士 国国国国庆节庆节National DayNational DayOctOct栗子栗子栗子栗子节节25 Dec25 Dec圣诞节圣诞节ChristmasChristmas26 Dec26 Dec 圣诞节翌日圣诞节翌日Stephans DayStephans DayHolidayshttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp:/