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Jane Austen(1775-1817)Theonlyimportantfemaleauthorinthe18-19thcenturyThefirstwriterwhoexamineswomenspositionandtheirproblemsinthesocietyLifeJane Austen(17751817)was born in a country clergymans family.She was educated at home with her sister and never married.In her lifelong career,Jane Austen wrote altogether six complete novels.Herbest-known books include Pride and Prejudice(1813)and Emma(1816).TheAustensweremoderatelywelloff.Theykeptacarriageandpair双驾马车andenjoyedsomeoftheconsiderationsusuallyawardedtolandedproprietors土地所有者.Thehouseholdwaslivelyandbookish.Thefamilyalsoenjoyedwritingandperformingplaysforeveningentertainment.Whenyoungshewenttoballsandpicnics,andpaidvisitslikeanyothergirlofherclass.Once,itseems,shemayhavebeenseriouslyinlove,butthemandied.Shenevermarried.Jane Austen（17751817）Englishwriter,whofirstgavethenovelitsmoderncharacterthroughthetreatmentofeverydaylife.AlthoughAustenwaswidelyreadinherlifetime,shepublishedherworksanonymously.Her Position in English LiteratureOneofthefewnovelistswhohavemanagedtosatisfytherequirementsintheartofnovelwriting;RankedamongthetrulygreatBritishnovelists.Jane Austen was extremely modest about her own genius,describing her work to her nephew Edward as That little bit(two inches wide)of ivory,in which I work with so fine a brush as produces little effect after much labor.“Miniature on 2 inches of ivory.”u“2 寸象牙上的雕刻寸象牙上的雕刻”VirginiaWoolf(弗吉尼亚伍尔夫)callsher:“Themostperfectartistamongwomen”JaneAustensQuotes.“Aladysimaginationisveryrapid;itjumpsfromadmirationtolove,fromlovetomatrimony结婚inamoment.”“AlargeincomeisthebestrecipeforhappinessIeverheardof.”“Anengagedwomanisalwaysmoreagreeablethanadisengaged.Sheissatisfiedwithherself.Hercaresareover,andshefeelsthatshemayexertallherpowersofpleasingwithoutsuspicion.Allissafewithaladyengaged;noharmcanbedone.”Pride and Prejudice 1796(Pub.1813)Sense and Sensibility 1797(Pub.1811)Northhanger Abbey 1798(Pub.1818)Mansfield Park (Pub.1814)Emma(Pub.1815)Persuasion(Pub.1818)AustensNovels摄政式风格摄政式风格时尚历史时尚历史JaneAustenlivedandwroteintheveryearlynineteenthcentury,alsoknownastheRegencyperiod,andthatswhenhernovelswereset.ThestoryofPride and PrejudicetookplaceinthetimeoftheRegencyinBritain.HistoricalBackgroundofhernovelsTheRegencyPeriod摄政时期TheRegency periodintheUnitedKingdomistheperiodbetween1811and1820,whenKingGeorgeIIIwasdeemedunfittoruleandhisson,laterGeorgeIV,wasinstatedtobehisproxyasPrinceRegent.Thetermisoftenexpandedtoapplytotheyearsbetween1795and1837,atimecharacterisedbydistinctivefashions,politicsandculture.Inthissense,itcanbeconsideredtobeatransitionalperiodbetweenGeorgianandVictorianeras.Theerawasdistinctiveforitsarchitecture,literature,fashions,andpolitics.18111820年年 摄政时期摄政时期1811年约翰纳什（JohnNash）开始实施中伦敦的改进措施，绝大多数古典风格的建筑都在这一期间建造。其中包括横贯伦敦城的皇家哩路（TheRoyalMile）,皇家哩路的中心地带就是摄政街（RegentStreet），摄政街的尽头是宽广的摄政王公园（RegentsPark），这里很多地方还保存着遗留下来的古典风格的艺术作品。人们称1811年1820年的这段时间为摄政时期（TheRegency）。Regencysocialmannerswereallpolitenessandgentility.Therewasprotocolforeverysocialinteraction.Thesocialhierarchywasthecoreofeverything,andeveryoneknewtheirplace,whethertheyagreedwithitornot.Womenlargelydidnotinheritwealth,norweretheyopenlyallowedtofindtheirownmeans;somarriagewasoneofthefewoptionsshehadtosecureacomfortablefuture.AmarriagebasedonlovewasrarelyanoptionforaRegencywoman,incomewasthefirstconsideration.Itisprobablywhythisperiodyieldedsomeofthebestliteraryromanceavailabletoday.SocialCustomsDancesfigureprominentlyinJaneAustensnovels.Whetherperformedinpublicassemblyroomsorinprivate,dancesofferedsocialopportunitiesforyoungpeopletomixandmingleandconverseinanacceptablefashion.Inanerawhenayoungladyofgoodbreedingwasstrictlyescortedeverywhereshewent,shewouldfinditdifficultduringaroutinedaytomeetprivatelywithasinglegentleman,evenonewhowascourtingher.Sinceadancewouldoftenlastforhalfanhour,thedancershadampletimetoconverse,flirt,andeventouchoneanotherinanacceptedmanner.Agentlemanwould,ofcourse,neveraskayoungladytodanceunlesshewasfirstintroducedtoher.Duringthiserapeoplewereoftenjudgedfortheirabilitytodanceskilfully,andagentlemanwaspressuredtocutafinefigure引人注目,超群出众onthedancefloor.LookoutforMrCollinsdancingtechniqueinthenovel!Generally speaking,she holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics,religion and moral principles;Sheconsidersitherdutytoexpressadiscriminated and serious criticism of life,andtoexpose the follies and illusion of mankind;Shefirmlybelievesinthepredominance of reason over passion,the value of ration and sense over that of sentimental,Gothic and romantic tendencies;Instyle,sheisaneo-classicismadvocatorandbelievesinorder,reason,accuracy and gracefulness.ArtisticPointsofViewNarrow literary field confined to provincial or village life of 19th century England;As a realistic novelist,she draws vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society;MajorFeaturesofHerWritingHerfictionalworld:Shecalledherwork“smallsquaretwoinchesofverycountrygentlemenandladiestogetherwithsnobs,boresandsocial“climbers”,“threeorfourfamiliesinavillage”.Shewroteaboutparishlifewithcalls,walks,picnics,conversations,parties,balls,marriages.Snobbery势利,smugness装模作样,condescension傲慢,andlackofconsiderationareallheldtoourscorn.Main concern:human beings in their personal relations;Framework:stories of love and marriage;MajorFeaturesofHerWritingThecentralplotofhersixnovels:aneligibleyoungmancomesintoavillageandeventuallysecuresthemostsuitablewifeAsforherinterestinthestudyofhumanbeingsintheirrelationshipswithotherpeopleindailylife,JaneAustenisparticularlypreoccupiedwiththerelationshipbetweenmenandwomeninlove.Themosturgentpreoccupationofheryoung,well-bredheroinesiscourtship,andfinallymarriage.Storiesofloveandmarriageprovidethemajorthemesinallhernovels.Three types in the heroines pursuit of a happy marriage:1.Marry for money,position and property;2.Marry for passion,beauty and attraction;3.Marry for love based on consideration of personal merit&economic and social status.MajorFeaturesofHerWritingMajor characters:womenMajorFeaturesofHerWritingShedealswithhercharacterswithintensityyetwithdetachment,withoutsentimentalism.Herknowledgeofmensbehaviourwaslimited.Therearenoextremelynobleheroesandheroines,norhatefulvillains;egoismisthedominantviceofhumanbeings;nopassioninhernovels.Her novels show a wealth of humor,wit and delicate satire;plots are straightforward;little action;characters are like real living creatures;dialogue is admirably true to life.MajorFeaturesofHerWritingHerstyleisquietandlevel.Sheneverexaggerates,shenever,asitwere,raiseshervoicetoshoutorscream.Sheisneitherpompous,norsentimental,norflippant,butalwaysgravelypolite,andherwritingcontainsadelicatebutsharpedgedirony.MajorFeaturesofHerWritingPride and Prejudice In 2003 the BBC conducted the largest ever poll for the UKs Best-Loved Book in which Pride and Prejudice came second,behind The Lord of the Rings.In a 2008 survey of more than 15,000 Australian readers,Pride and Prejudice came first in a list of the 101 best books ever written.Modern popularityOrigin of “Pride and Prejudice”Fifth volume of Fanny Burneys(British writer best known for her witty and sophisticated letters and diaries covering the years from 1768 until her death)1782 novel Cecilia西希莉亚.Original title:First ImpressionsPublication history The novel was originally titled First Impressions by Jane Austen,and was written between October 1796 and August 1797.On 1 November 1797 Austens father gave the draft to London bookseller Thomas Cadell in hopes of it being published,but it was rejected.Austen made significant revisions to the manuscript for First Impressions between 1811 and 1812.She later renamed the story Pride and Prejudice.Austen sold the copyright for the novel to Thomas Egerton of Whitehall in exchange for 110(Austen had asked for 150).Foreign language translations first appeared in 1813 in French;subsequent translations were published in German,Danish and Swedish.Pride and Prejudice was first published in the United States in August 1832.傲慢与偏见傲慢与偏见人物介绍人物介绍班纳特家人物班纳特家人物:简JaneBennet：伊丽莎白ElizabethBennet:玛莉MaryBennet：凯蒂CatherineBennet：琳迪LydiaBennet：班纳特先生 Mr.Bennet：班纳特夫人 Mrs.Bennet:其它人物：其它人物：凯瑟琳夫人LadyCatherinedeBourgh：克林斯先生Mr.Collins:达西先生FitzwilliamDarcy：彬格莱先生CharlesBingley：乔治韦翰GeorgeWickham：PlotIthappensinthefictionaltownofMerytoninHertfordshire,notfarfromLondon.Mr.Bennet,aclergymanwhohasmarriedyoungandrashly,isskepticalofconventionalmarriageandhasnogoodwordsforhisbeautifuldaughtersexceptElizabeth.Mrs.Bennetisabeautifulbutempty-headed,snobbishandvulgarwomanwhoseonlygoalinlifeistomarryherfivedaughterstorich,handsomeyoungmen.DarcycomestotheneighborhoodwithhisfriendBingleywhoisanimmediatesuccessinlocalsocietyandfallsinlovewithJane,themostbeautifulandgood-naturedeldestdaughteroftheBennets.Ataparty,Darcy,withhisproudandseeminglycolddisposition,makesabadimpressiononthelocalpeople.HeslightsElizabethandhurtsherdignitybyrefusingtodancewithher.Intheirlatermeetings,however,Darcybeginstoadmirethegirlinspiteofhimself不知不觉,butElizabeth,onaccountofherprejudiceagainsthim,triestobringdownhisprideandhasthesatisfactionofrefusinghimadancetoo.Onceinatown,ElizabethmakesacquaintancewithacharmingyoungofficerWickhamandlearnsfromhimthatDarcyisacold-blooded,selfishmanwhohasdeprivedWickhamofhisfortune.WithherownsuspicionthatDarcymightberesponsiblefortheseparationofBingleyandJane,ElizabethreadilybelievesWickhamsstory.LaterwhenDarcymakesanhonestbutproudproposalofmarriagetoher,Elizabeth,annoyedbyhisseparatinghersisterandBingleyandprejudicedbyWickhamsdeceiving,rejectshimpromptly.ShesoonregretsforwhatshehassaidwhenshereceivesaletterfromDarcyexplaininghisjustifiedlowopinionoftheBennetfamilyandhisgeneroustreatmentofWickhamwhois,afterall,avain,wicked-mindedman.ThenElizabethsetsonatourwithherauntanduncletoDerbyshireandhappenstopayavisittoPemberley,thebig,grandhouseoftheDarcyfamily.Unexpectedlythemasterofthehousereturns,muchtotheembarrassmentoftheyounglady.WhatsurprisesElizabethmoreisthatthistimeheisverypolitetoherandherrelativesandevenintroduceshisyoungersistertothem.Whentheirimpaired受损的relationshipiswellonthewaytoimprovement,ElizabethissuddenlysummonedhomebecauseheryoungestsisterLydiahaselopedwithWickham.AnditisonlythroughthegenerousinterventionofDarcy,whoarrangestohavethemproperlymarried,thattheBennetfamilyisabletogetoutofthedisgrace.AsElizabethismeditatingonthehopelesssituationofherunionwithDarcy,LadydeBourgh,auntofDarcy,comestoLongbourn,onhearingsomerumor,toforceElizabethintoapromiseofneverconsentingtomarryDarcy.Outofangerandcontemptforthearrogantandbad-manneredlady,Elizabethrefusestopromiseanything.Withindignation,theoldladygoestohernephew,intendingtogivehimapictureofadisrespectful,ill-manneredElizabeth;butfortunatelythisenlightenshimabouttheyoungladysheartandencourageshimtogotoLongbournandmakeasecondproposal,whichisfinallyacceptedbyElizabeth.Inthisnovel,DarcystandsforPrideandElizabethrepresentsPrejudice.Intheend,prideishumbledandprejudicedissolved.Besidesthemainstoryofthishappypair,alsotoldaretheminoronesabouttheunionbetweentherichbachelorBingleyandthebeautiful,mildJane;abouttheservileclergymanCollins,cousinoftheBennetsandheirtotheBennetsproperty,whofirstproposestoElizabethand,whenrefused,marriestheplain,27year-oldCharlotteLucas,thebestfriendofElizabeth;andaboutthethoughtlesscoupleLydiaandWickham.Plots in Pride and PrejudiceMain plot:romance between Elizabeth and Darcy;3 subplots:1.Bingleys attraction to Jane Bennet and Darcys intervention;2.Wickhams involvement;3.Charlotte Lucas marriage to Mr.CollinsThemes in Pride and PrejudiceImpedimentstoLove爱情的障碍(pride and prejudice)TheNecessityofGoodBehaviorTheUnfortunatePowersofClass It is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune,must be in want of a wife.(有钱的单身汉总要有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。)小说中漂亮的开场白:ThisisthefirstsentenceofPride and Prejudiceandstandsasoneofthemostfamousfirstlinesinliteraturebecauseofitsmasterfulirony,itshumoroustone,anditsforeshadowingoftheentirenovel.ItalsointroducesthereaderimmediatelytoAustensuseofirony.Marriageisextremelyimportantinordertocontinuethefamilyandtosupplystabilityandeconomicwell-beingforthewomeninthelate-eighteenthandearly-nineteenthcenturies.傲慢与偏见傲慢与偏见人物介绍人物介绍班纳特家人物班纳特家人物:简JaneBennet：伊丽莎白ElizabethBennet:玛莉MaryBennet：凯蒂CatherineBennet：琳迪LydiaBennet：班纳特先生 Mr.Bennet：班纳特夫人 Mrs.Bennet:其它人物：其它人物：凯瑟琳夫人LadyCatherinedeBourgh：克林斯先生Mr.Collins:达西先生FitzwilliamDarcy：彬格莱先生CharlesBingley：乔治韦翰GeorgeWickham：Mr Bennet and Mrs Bennetqueer,sarcastic，humorous，bookish，intelligent，regretful for his own marriage and thus becomes hesitant about his daughters.frivolous,excitable,narrow-minded，inconsiderate,ill-mannered,vulgar，thinks of marriage mainly as a means of social and economic advancementJane Bennet and Charles Bingleytwenty-twoyearsold,themostbeautifulyoungladyintheneighbourhood,toseeonlythegoodinothers,sweeter,shyer,andequallysensible,closesttoElizabethTwenty-twoyearsold,handsome,good-natured,andwealthy,lessintelligentbutkinderandmorecharming,andhencemorepopularinMeryton,lacksresolve,easilyinfluencedbyothers.Elizabeth Bennetlovely,clever.Her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray.As she gradually comes to recognize the nobility of Darcys character,she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.Elizabeth Bennet and Mr darcytwenty-eightyearsoldandunmarried,wealthy,handsome,tall,intelligent,forthrightbutnotconvivial,makesapoorimpressiononstrangers,butisvaluedbythosewhoknowhimwelloverlyproudandoverlyconsciousofhissocialstatus.theonlyplainBennetsister,ratherthanjoininsomeofthefamilyactivities,shereads,althoughisoftenimpatientfordisplayworkshardforknowledgeandaccomplishment,buthasneithergeniusnortaste.embarrassesherfamilybysingingbadlyMary Bennet and Kitty bennetalessheadstrongbutequallysillyshadowofLydiafrivolousandheadstrongsocialising,especiallyflirtingshowsnoremorsefortheembarrassmentthatheractionscausedforherfamily Lydia BennetanoldacquaintanceofDarcyfromchildhood,andanofficerinthemilitiaunitstationednearMerytonSuperficiallycharmingspreadsnumeroustalesaboutthewrongsDarcyhasdonetohim,colouringthepopularperceptionoftheothermaninlocalsocietyGeorge WickhamMrBennetsclergymancousinand,heirtohisestate.notasensibleman,andthedeficiencyofnaturehadbeenbutlittleassistedbyeducationorsociety.boastsofhisacquaintancewithandadvantageouspatronagefromLadyCatherinedeBourghConsideredpompousandlackingincommonsensebyMrBennet,Jane,andElizabethWilliam Collinshas wealth and social standing,haughty,domineering and condescendingLady Catherine de BourghquietandamiableyoungersisterGeorgiana Darcyalthoughabusinessman,quitesensibleandgentlemanlikeMr GardinerMarriagesintheNoveluMr.&Mrs.Bennet Though more than 20 years of marriage,still no mutual understanding.uLydia&Mr.Wickhambased on physical desire,no true love.uCharlotte&Mr.CollinsBased on money,unhappyuJane&Mr.Bingleybased on love and likenessuElizabeth&Mr.Darcybased on true love and mutual understandingPointsforDiscussion1.Pride and Prejudice between Elizabeth and DarcyUnderstandtheinitialmisunderstandingsandlatermutualenlightenmentbetweenElizabethBennet(whoselivelinessandquickwithaveoftenattractedreaders)andtheHaughtyDarcy.ThetitlePride and Prejudicerefers(amongotherthings)tothewaysinwhichElizabethandDarcyfirstvieweachother.ElizabethspridemakeshermisjudgeDarcyonthebasisofapoorfirstimpression,whileDarcysprejudiceagainstElizabethspoorsocialstandingblindshim,foratime,tohermanyvirtues.Thetitlecutsbothways.ElizabethisguiltyofprejudiceandDarcyofpride.TheauthorposescountlesssmallerobstaclestotherealizationofthelovebetweenElizabethandDarcy,includingLadyCatherinesattempttocontrolhernephew,MissBingleyssnobbery,Mrs.Bennetsidiocy,andWickhamsdeceit.Ineachcase,anxietiesaboutsocialconnections,orthedesireforbettersocialconnections,interferewiththeworkingsoflove.Theauthordoessoundsomemorerealistorcynicalaboutlove,usingthecharacterofCharlotteLucas,whomarriesthebuffoonMr.Collinsforhismoney,todemonstratethattheheartdoesnotalwaysdictatemarriage.Yetwithhercentralcharacters,Austensuggeststhattrueloveisaforceseparatefromsocietyandonethatcanconquereventhemostdifficultofcircumstances.2.Love between Elizabeth and Darcy:Pride and Prejudicedepictsasocietyinwhichawomansreputationisoftheutmostimportance.Awomanisexpectedtobehaveincertainways.Steppingoutsidethesocialnormsmakeshervulnerabletoostracism排斥.Thisthemeappearsinthenovel,whenElizabethwalkstoNetherfieldandarriveswithmuddyskirts,totheshockofthereputation-consciousMissBingleyandherfriends.Atotherpoints,theill-mannered,ridiculousbehaviorofMrs.Bennetgivesherabadreputationwiththemorerefined(andsnobbish)DarcysandBingleys.Austenpokesgentlefunatthesnobsintheseexamples,butlaterinthenovel,whenLydiaelopeswithWickhamandliveswithhimoutofwedlock,theauthortreatsreputationasaveryseriousmatter.BybecomingWickhamsloverwithoutbenefitofmarriage,Lydiaclearlyplacesherselfoutsidethesocialpale,andherdisgracethreatenstheentireBennetfamily.3.A womans reputation is of the utmost importance.Thethemeofclassisrelatedtoreputation,inthatbothreflectthestrictlyregimented受管制的natureoflifeforthemiddleandupperclassesinEngland.Thelinesofclassarestrictlydrawn.WhiletheBennets,whoaremiddleclass,socializewiththeupper-classBingleysandDarcys,theyarecleartheirsocialinferiorsandaretreatedassuch.Austensatirizesthiskindofclass-consciousness,particularlyinthecharacterofMr.Collins,whospendsmostofhistimeflatteringhisupper-classpatron,LadyCatherinedeBourgh.ThoughMr.Collinsoffersanextremeexample,heisnottheonlyonetoholdsuchviews.Hisconceptionoftheimportanceofclassisshared,amongothers,byMr.Darcy,whobelievesinthedignityofhislineage血统，家系;MissBingley,whodislikesanyonenotassociallyacceptedassheis;andWickham,whowilldoanythinghecantogetenoughmoneytoraisehimselfintoahigherstation.4.Class boundaries and prejudice Inasense,pride and prejudiceisthestoryoftwocourtshipsthosebetweenDarcyandElizabethandbetweenBingleyandJane.Withinthisbroadstructureappearother,smallercourtships:Mr.CollinssabortedwooingofElizabeth,followedbyhissuccessfulwooingofCharlotteLucas;MissBingleysunsuccessfulattempttoattractDarcy;WickhamspursuitfirstofElizabeth,thenofthenever-seenMissKing,andfinallyofLydia.Courtshipthereforetakesonaprofound,ifoftenunspoken,importanceinthenovel.Marriageistheultimategoal,courtshipconstitutestherealworking-outoflove.Courtshipbecomesasortofforge锤炼ofapersonspersonality,andeachcourtshipbecomesamicrocosm缩影fordifferentsortsoflove(ordifferentwaystoabuseloveasameanstosocialadvancement).5.CourtshipThose between Darcy and Elizabeth and between Bingley and JaneAustensIronyAsinmanyofAustensothernovels,ironyisemployedinPride and Prejudiceasthelensthroughwhichsocietyandhumannatureareviewed.Throughthenovel,Austenstudiessocialrelationshipsinthelimitedsocietyofacountryneighbourhoodandinvestigatesthemindetailwithanoftenironicandhumorouseye.NoteherpresentationofMr.andMrs.Bennet,forexample.Theircontrastingtemperamentsarefirstshownthroughtheirmannerofconversation;Mrs.BennetchattersonwhileMr.Bennetcountershertalkwithmildlysarcasticstatements,themockingtoneofwhichMrs.Bennetcompletelymisses.AustensdialogueOfallthenovelsthatJaneAustenhaswritten,criticsconsiderPride and Prejudicetobethemostcomical.Humorcanbefoundeverywhereinthebook;initscharacterdescriptions,imagery,butmostlyinitsconversationsbetweencharacters.Ishemarriedorsingle?Oh!single,mydear,tobesure!Asinglemanoflargefortuneoffourorfivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!Howso?howcanitaffectthem?MydearMr.Bennet,repliedhiswife,howcanyoubesotiresome!YoumustknowthatIamthinkingofhismarryingoneofthem.Isthathisdesigninsettlinghere?Design!nonsense,howcanyoutalkso!BecomingJaneAusten(MissAustenRegrets)产地：欧洲类型：剧情片纪录片导演：Jeremy.Lovering主演：萨缪尔.洛克奥利维亚.威廉姆斯简介：如果成为简奥斯汀说的是大师的诞生，那么简奥斯汀的独白算是讲大师的离去。为什么简的姐姐要烧了她所有的日记和信件？为什么简从来没有结婚？为什么简拒绝了豪门的求婚？所有的一切都令我们这些奥斯汀迷们猜测。英国广播公司BBC制作简奥斯汀的独白，以剧情片的诉述形式，独家披露简?奥斯汀的信件、日记和她的小说，重现这位女文豪的浪漫一生，走进她鲜为人知的内心世界。Readthefollowingstoryanddiscuss:whatisAandwhatisB.穿越人生的麦田穿越人生的麦田 有一天，柏拉图问老师苏格拉底什么是有一天，柏拉图问老师苏格拉底什么是_A_A_？老？老师就让他先到到麦田里去，摘一棵全麦田里最大最金黄的师就让他先到到麦田里去，摘一棵全麦田里最大最金黄的麦穗来，期间只能摘一次，并且只可向前走，不能回头。麦穗来，期间只能摘一次，并且只可向前走，不能
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