阅读理解：题型及解题技巧

PlayagameWhathasahandbutcantscratchitself?clockWhathasnoskinorbones,yethasfourfingersandathumb?gloveItisabuildingwhereChristians(基基督教徒督教徒)gotoworship.church Itisthejointbetweentheupperandlowerpartsofthearmwhereitbendsinthemiddle.elbow Tomakethesoundsandmovementsofyourfacethatshowyouarehappyorthinksthisfunny.laugh上下文上下文构词法构词法猜测词意猜测词意题干设置题干设置猜测词义、句意、片断意义猜测词义、句意、片断意义1.Theword“”inparagraphcanbereplacedby2.Theunderlinedword“”mostprobablymeans.3.Bysaying“”,theauthormeans4.Theexpression“”isclosestto5.Accordingtothepassage,thephrase“”suggests6.Theunderlinedpart“”(inPara.)means下面的单词都认识吗？猜猜看！下面的单词都认识吗？猜猜看！ngreenhandnladybirdnbigpotatonshanghainjapannjohngreenhandnOnthewaytothefactory,Jacksangapopsonghappily.Becauseitisthefirstdayforhimtowork.Whenhewasworking,hetalkedwithhiscomrade.Suddenly,themachinebrokedownbecauseofhiscarelessness.Jackwasafraidoftheblameofhisboss.Hiscomradetoldhim,“takeiteasy,youareagreenhand.”新手新手nDoyoulikealadybird?Itisnotakindofbird.Itisainsect（昆虫）（昆虫）.Itcanfly.Itswingsarered.Itisverysmall.aladybird瓢虫瓢虫nTomisagreatman.Tomistreatedasabigpotato.abigpotato大人物大人物shanghainTourists are shanghaied into buying expensive fakes(假货）.Some guides told them that fakes are good.They are worth buying.诱骗诱骗japannKate:Doyouknowjapan?nAlice:Ofcourse,itliestotheeastofChina?nKate:No,japanisnotJapan.nAlice:Why?nKate:Japanjustlikechina,youcanusejapanpaintyourdesk,orfurniture.立邦立邦Doyouknow?日本式漆器日本式漆器johnnTimdranktoomuchwaterlastnight,sohewenttovisitjohntwice.厕所厕所n猜词技巧猜词技巧1：定义释义法定义释义法-通过定义通过定义,定语从句定语从句,词组词组,同位语从句来体现同位语从句来体现.其表现形式其表现形式为为:用用thatis,inotherwords,or,mean,becalled,referto,或连系动或连系动词词tobe等定义或重述形式来解释生词等定义或重述形式来解释生词.如如:1.Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremains of ancient times,such ashouses,pots,toolsandweapons.2.A magnet is a piece of iron or steelwhichcanpullotherpiecesofirontoitself,and a magnet is sometimesusedbysomepeopletofindtheirlostbitsofironfromtheplaceswhereitsdifficultforthemtofindthemwithoutamagnet.考古学考古学磁铁磁铁3.Themodernageofmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,aninstrumentforlisteningtopatientsheartbeatandbreathing.4.They are vertebrates,that is,animals that have back-bones.5.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.6.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线），（纱线），goodandilltogether.”脊椎动物脊椎动物坚决的坚决的混合混合听诊器听诊器猜词技巧猜词技巧2:对比法对比法-句中多半有句中多半有unlike,but,although,yet,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,insteadof,ratherthan等信息词等信息词.另外另外,分号也可以表示转分号也可以表示转折折,对比的意义对比的意义.ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.Greenlovestotalk，andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.污秽的，肮脏的污秽的，肮脏的节约的节约的健谈的健谈的猜词技巧猜词技巧3:因果法因果法-文章借助关联词文章借助关联词 because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,therefore,lead to,cause,result in,result from,bring about等表达因果关系等表达因果关系.1.Hessuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.2.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.3.Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.精明的精明的修剪修剪独断专行的独断专行的猜词技巧猜词技巧4:根据同等关系猜词义根据同等关系猜词义-指一组指一组词在句中作同一成分词在句中作同一成分,且他们的词义属于同且他们的词义属于同一义域一义域,如如or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords.nInsomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwatertheirfields.nAllwhalesconsistoftwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.灌溉灌溉有牙齿的有牙齿的nCarsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes（刹车）（刹车）.nOnthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.猜词技巧五猜词技巧五:举例法举例法信号词信号词:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistof家禽家禽装置装置(2)根据构词法猜测根据构词法猜测英语中的构词法主要有三种：英语中的构词法主要有三种：n派生（派生（Derivation）n转化（转化（Conversion）n合成（合成（Compounding）派生：派生：由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词，该法是猜测英语单词的主要方法。词，该法是猜测英语单词的主要方法。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀super-（超），（超），inter-（在（在之间），之间），mini-（微型的），（微型的），micro-（极微小的），（极微小的），sub-（分支的），（分支的），re-（再）（再）,co-（共同），（共同），post-(后后)，pre-（前），（前），trans-（转换）（转换），under-（在（在之下），之下），mis-（误；恶），（误；恶），anti-（反；防（反；防),un-（不；非），（不；非），in-（不（不,非）非），im-（不；（不；非），非），dis-（不），（不），non-（不），（不），-able（能（能的）的）,-less（不；（不；无）无）-hood（状态；性质；时期），（状态；性质；时期），-ish（如（如的；有点儿的；有点儿的）的）,-scope（景），（景），-ship（身份；资格；权力；性质），（身份；资格；权力；性质），-some（易于（易于的），的），-wards（向），（向），-proof（防（防的；的；不能穿透的），不能穿透的），【例【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense.【例【例2】Jason is a language specialist.【解】【解】sense 有有“心智健全、意识心智健全、意识”之意，之意，non-构成它的反义词，故构成它的反义词，故 nonsense有有 “胡言乱语，胡说八道胡言乱语，胡说八道”之意。之意。【解】【解】“special”是是“unusual”（不寻常的）（不寻常的）之之 意；后缀意；后缀“-ist”指人。指人。“specialist”就是就是 “不寻常的人不寻常的人”；也就是；也就是“专家专家”之意。之意。转化：转化：由某一词性转达化成另一词性，其意义也发由某一词性转达化成另一词性，其意义也发生一定的变化。生一定的变化。Iwasaskedtominutetherace.“minute”转化成动词，意为转化成动词，意为“为为计时计时”合成：两个或两个以上的单词组合成：两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。成一个新的单词。如：如：blackboard,man-made猜你没商量猜你没商量1.Janeisusuallyprompt.AlateBontimeCpleased Jane is usually prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class today.2.Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sunTomsawanowlinatreelastnightTomsawanowllastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear猫头鹰猫头鹰3.The boy wants a pony Adog Bcat ChorseThe boy wants a brown pony The boy wants to ride a brown pony.小型马小型马4.The children are looking at an ape.Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake Ca kind of fruit The children are looking at an ape at the zooThe children are looking at a large,hairy(毛的)ape at the zoo 猿猿5.The trout is very cheap Afish Bfruit Capple The fresh trout is very cheapThe fresh trout is very cheap,but I dont know how to cook it鲑鱼鲑鱼6.The lady asked the waitress to get her a saucer Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plate The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucerThe lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on茶托茶托7.We seldom see a sparrow now.Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane Ca kind of birdWe seldom see a sparrow in the sky.We seldom see a sparrow in the sky because the air is not so clean now as used to be麻雀麻雀高考真题高考真题实战演练实战演练University tuition fees(学费学费)are currently capped at 3,000 annually,but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling.(上海）上海）73.The phrase to raise the ceiling in paragraph 2 probably means _.A.to raise the student loans B.B.to improve the school facilitiesC.to increase the upper limit of the tuition D.to lift the school building roofsThe president has started using look-alikes during some public appearances.Dave is offered a chance to serve his country by becoming one.(全国卷全国卷II)65.The underlined word one in the 3rd paragraph refers to _.A.the President B.the director C.an actor D.a look-alike Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels，or struggling with their ballalators through the scribe.These words，which I have just made up，have to stand for things and ideas that we simply cant think of.(全国卷）全国卷）Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to _.A.tools used in farming B.ideas about modern life C.unknown things in the future D.hunting skills in the Stone Age“Unlike vitamin C，leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.”（广东卷）（广东卷）The underlined word“cultivated”roughly means _.A.encouraged B.comparedC.examined D.developed It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places.But on a pleasant sunny summer day,this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.（广东卷）（广东卷）The underlined phrase“out-of-the-way”means _.A.far away B.dangerous C.ancient D.secretWhathaveyoulearnedtoday?生活生活常识常识上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜总结总结On ReadingOn Reading词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型