高考 阅读推理判断

高考高考 阅读推理判断阅读推理判断 How to deal withquestions of inference1.1.看透文章的表面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提看透文章的表面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提 示和线索示和线索-推理的前提和基础。推理的前提和基础。2 2透过现象看本质，通过分析、综合、判断，进行透过现象看本质，通过分析、综合、判断，进行 符合逻辑的推理。符合逻辑的推理。推理判断题推理判断题3 3忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。4 4善于全面分析，切忌片面思考。善于全面分析，切忌片面思考。1.Questionforms:It can be inferred from the text that .What the writer really means is .The writer suggests that .The story implies that .We can infer/conclude from the passage that .2.技巧点拨技巧点拨1)全面分析全面分析2)忠实原文忠实原文3)不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息这类题干中通常含有这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。等标志性词语。1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall?Did it sound like a clock?If so,it may have been made by a beetle.Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die.Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle.The sound of this beetle _.A.pleased people.B.surprised people.C.frightened people.D.excited people.It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock.The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy.People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away.You can tell that busy people_A.act like clocks.B.sleep the time away.C.dont do what clocks do.D.dont have hands.2.SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwoexist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo,andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.3.Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison_.A.liveoutsidetheUnitedStatesandCanadaB.arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC.existedbeforetheIceAgeD.havebeenkilledorhavediedoutnotmentionedpositive negativeapproval disapprovalobjective subjectiveoptimistic pessimisticindifferent reservedneutral unbiasedcritical doubtful 积极的，肯定的积极的，肯定的消极的，否定的消极的，否定的赞成的赞成的不赞成的不赞成的客观的客观的主观的主观的乐观的乐观的悲观的悲观的漠不关心的漠不关心的保留意见的保留意见的中立的中立的无偏见的，公平的无偏见的，公平的批评的批评的怀疑的怀疑的1.Questionforms:The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.2.技巧点拨技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出，才能推断出作者的态度。作者的态度。5.Whyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，Imsickofallthisbadnews.Thisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform6.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy,not cryingholding back tears of anger,pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical health.Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure,heart problems and some other illnesses.If you have a health problem,doctors will certainly not ask you to cry.But when you feel like crying,dont fight it.Its a naturaland healthyemotional response.According to the author,which of the following statements is true?A.Crying is the best way to get help from others.B.Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C.We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D.We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.9.Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.推断作者态度推断作者态度So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.Whatisthewritersattitudetowardsthepresentworld?A.PositiveB.CriticalC.SatisfiedD.Indifferent 10.The theories of modern psychology argue that we must understand the needs of our children.Children are not just small adults;they are children who must be respected as such.Well,you may say,this is as it should be,and a good idea.But think further.What happens?“Education”becomes the responsibility not of teachers,but of psychologists.What happens then?.What is the authors attitude toward the theories of modern psychology?A.Uninterested B.Tolerant C.Satisfied D.Critical推断作者态度推断作者态度1.Questionforms:(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的A.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B.What is the purpose of writing this article?C.In writing the passage,the author intends to _.(2)考查某处细节的写作意图A.The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C.are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.2.常见的写作目的归纳常见的写作目的归纳 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于常见于故事类故事类的文章。的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常见于常见于广告类广告类的文章。的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/多见于多见于科普类科普类新闻报道类新闻报道类文化类或文化类或社会类社会类的文章的文章。3.技巧点拨技巧点拨(1)根据根据文体类别文体类别推断写作目的推断写作目的(2)从从写作手法写作手法来推断写作目的来推断写作目的11.“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A.test the readers knowledge about waves B.draw the readers attention to the topicC.show Jamie Taylors importance D.invite the readers to answer them12.A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa,a nearby village.They lived with the mans big family-his parents,his brothers,their wives and children.The family kept an elephant,in which the young woman soon took a great interest.Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.Three months later the woman went back to her parents home,having quarreled with her husband.Soon the elephant refused to eat or work.It appeared to be ill and heart-broken.One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.It went to the womans home.On seeing her,the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it.The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home.The writer wrote the story in order to_.A.show that elephants are very clever B.tell how a woman trained a wild animal C.show that women care more for animals than men do D.tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife1.Questionforms:The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.2.解题技巧解题技巧 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：出处：(1)报纸报纸(2)广告广告(3)产品说明产品说明(4)网络等网络等13.（全国卷）（全国卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(药片药片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(缓解疼痛缓解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount.Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctorsadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma_.A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctorsnotebookD.bottleofmedicine1.Questionforms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.2.解题技巧解题技巧推测推测下文下文的内容：根据的内容：根据作者的思路作者的思路进行推进行推理，特别是最后两三句话。理，特别是最后两三句话。推测推测上文上文的内容：的内容：关注第一段关注第一段，特别是文，特别是文段开始的几句话。段开始的几句话。15.When early humans hunted and gathered food,they were not in control of their environment.They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did.When humans learned to make fire,however,they became capable of altering their environment.To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees,causing the trees to dieOnly when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.A.fire B.hunting C.farming D.urbanization 16.William,Shakespeare said,“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线纱线),good and ill together.”The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activitiesscience seems to prove what Shakespeare said.But does it have to be so?Must the ill always go together with the good?Are we biologically programmed for war?推断上下文内容推断上下文内容 What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?A.Further application of science to war.B.More reading of William Shakespear.C.Proper use of science in the new century.D.Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.1 1、推断隐含意义、推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的必须吃透相关文段的意思。意思。2 2、推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主、推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句题句,同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。作者的写作目的。Conclusion3 3、推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的、推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心内容及文章的中心思想。思想。4 4、推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一、推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容段的内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。推断上尤其是最后的两三句话。推断上文的内容，关注第一段，特别是文段开始的文的内容，关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。几句话。结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！41