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Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语&indirect speech天津市汉沽区第五中学天津市汉沽区第五中学：宋雪峰：宋雪峰直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)陈述句述句Jane said,“Im very fond of traveling.”that引引导的的宾语从句从句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.He said,“I am a student.”He said that he was a student.He said to me,“I am learning English now.”He said to me that he was learning English then.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)一般疑一般疑问句句“Is this your umbrella,Mary?”asked John.whether/if 引引导的的宾语从句从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.2.“Have you been to the USA?”Jim asked Tom.He asked me,“Do you play chess?”She asked,“Did you go home?”Jim asked Tom Jim asked Tom whether/if he hadwhether/if he had been been to the USA.to the USA.He asked me if/whether I played chess.She asked me if I had gone home.“Is this room yours or his?”He asked me whether this room was mine or his.引引述述一一般般疑疑问问句句或或附附加加疑疑问问句句时时,通通常常用用whether或或if引引导导,而而引引述述选选择择疑疑问问句时句时,通常只用通常只用whether引导。引导。直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)特殊疑特殊疑问句句“Mary,when will you return me the book?”asked John.wh-词引引导的的宾语从从句句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.1.“Whose book is it?”he asked.He asked whose book it was.“Whose book are you reading?”Jim asked her.Jim asked her whose book she was reading.He asked,“Where are you going?”He asked(us)where we were going.She asked,“Who is here?”She asked(me)who was there.He asked,“Which school are you in?”He asked(me)which school I was in.He said,“Where have you been?”He asked me where I had been.He asked,“How are you gettingalong?”He asked us how we were getting along.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)祈使句祈使句The officer said to him,“Dont leave your post.”不定式不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”He told/ordered/asked the boys not to make so much noise.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)感感叹句句He said:“How happy I am!”that/what/how引引导的的宾语从句从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.由直接引由直接引语转变为间接引接引语,有有时会引会引时态的的变化化,注意以下几个方面注意以下几个方面直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一般一般现在在时或或现在完成在完成时She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:一般一般现在在时“I know it,”he said.一般一般过去去时He said that he knew it.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,”she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,”he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:过去完成时过去完成时“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?”Jack asked.过去完成时过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引导动词为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句动词变为:一般将来时一般将来时He said:“We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start the next day.由直接引由直接引语转变为间接引接引语,下列代下列代词、形容形容词、副、副词、动词等可能要等可能要变化化直接引直接引语间接引接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbeforethat day(the)next day直接引直接引语间接引接引语the day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day before yesterdaygobringherein two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforecometakethere由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1.客观不变的真理客观不变的真理 The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2.历史上的事件：历史上的事件：The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.3.部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must,ought to,used to,had better等：等：She said to me:“You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat dayExercisesExercises2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow 3.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he would the next day 5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago B.what he had heardthe week before C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he heardthe week ago7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next time D.he willnext time 8.Jack said to her,“Where do you spend your holidays?”Jack asked her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent your9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here 10.The teacher asked her,“|Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise
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