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4 英语词义的选择英语词义的选择水从屋顶上水从屋顶上流淌流淌下来。下来。本剧持续本剧持续放映放映了两年。了两年。5)Water was running off the roof.6)The idea runs in his mind.这个念头这个念头萦绕萦绕在他的脑海中。在他的脑海中。4)The play ran for two years.1.词义的选择词义的选择 通过词语搭配选择词义通过词语搭配选择词义6run across 偶然碰见偶然碰见run away逃跑逃跑run in顺便探望顺便探望run into陷于;偶然碰见陷于;偶然碰见run into debt负债负债run out被用完,将尽被用完,将尽7run a race参加赛跑参加赛跑 run for presidency竞选总统竞选总统run wild发狂发狂run to the streets流浪街头流浪街头run a factory办工厂办工厂run the water off把水放掉把水放掉run sb into difficulties使某然陷入困境使某然陷入困境run a fever发烧发烧8上班上班上报上报上膘上膘上当上当上访上访上火上火上进上进上路上路上相上相上冻9上班上班to go to work;to be on duty上报上报to appear in the newspaper上膘上膘(of animals)to become fat上当上当to be taken in上访上访appeal to the higher authorities for help上火上火to get angry,feel vexed/anxious上进上进to make progress上路上路to set out on a journey上相上相to be photogenic;to come out well in a photograph上冻to freeze102.根据上下文选择词义根据上下文选择词义 英语中同一个词,同一词类,在不同场合往英语中同一个词,同一词类,在不同场合往往有不同含义,往有不同含义,因此可根据上下文的联系来判因此可根据上下文的联系来判断和确定某个词在特定场合所具有的词义,请断和确定某个词在特定场合所具有的词义,请看下例:看下例:1.词义的选择词义的选择 根据上下文选择词义根据上下文选择词义11He was badly wounded in the head.You should use your head a bit.He has a strong head for mathematics.Prick with the head of a needle.Lets discuss the question under five heads.The head of his bed was piled with books.Heads or tails?Go and ask the head of our department.Where is the head?He was standing at the head of the staircase.12He was badly wounded in the head.他的他的头部头部受重伤。受重伤。You should use your head a bit.你应该用一下自己的你应该用一下自己的头脑头脑。He has a strong head for mathematics.他的数学他的数学能力能力很强。很强。Prick with the head of a needle.用用针尖针尖挑。挑。Lets discuss the question under five heads.让我们分让我们分5个个题目题目来讨论这个问题。来讨论这个问题。13The head of his bed was piled with books.他的他的床头床头堆满了书。堆满了书。Heads or tails?正面正面还是反面?还是反面?Go and ask the head of our department.问问我们系的问问我们系的头头去。去。Where is the head?厕所厕所在哪里?(船上用语)在哪里?(船上用语)He was standing at the head of the staircase.他站在楼梯的他站在楼梯的顶端顶端。14这娃娃这娃娃头头真大!真大!她正在梳她正在梳头头。他的女儿在山他的女儿在山头头上玩。上玩。一辆小车停在桥西一辆小车停在桥西头头。让我从让我从头头讲起吧。讲起吧。他们是一他们是一头头儿的。儿的。我们有我们有30头头牛。牛。他他头头天上午就来了。天上午就来了。这还是我这还是我头头一次来杭州呢。一次来杭州呢。他把铅笔他把铅笔头头扔了。扔了。15这娃娃这娃娃头头真大!真大!The baby has got a big head.她正在梳她正在梳头头。She was combing her hair.他的女儿在山他的女儿在山头头上玩。上玩。His daughter is playing on the top of the hill.一辆小车停在桥西一辆小车停在桥西头头。A car was parked at the west of the bridge.让我从让我从头头讲起吧。讲起吧。Let me tell the story from the very beginning.他们是一他们是一头头儿的。儿的。They are on the same side.16我们有我们有30头头牛。牛。We have thirty head of cattle.他他头头天上午就来了。天上午就来了。He came here the previous morning.这还是我这还是我头头一次来杭州呢。一次来杭州呢。This is the first time I have been in Hangzhou.他把铅笔他把铅笔头头扔了。扔了。He has thrown away the pencil stub/stump.17Please tell me if you can help us.如果你能帮助我,请告诉我。如果你能帮助我,请告诉我。=Please tell me in case you can help us.请告诉我,你能否帮助我们。请告诉我,你能否帮助我们。=Please tell me whether you can help us.We have no spring here.spring 可以理解为可以理解为“春天春天”、“弹簧弹簧”或或“泉水泉水”。故句子可以翻译成:我们这里没有春天故句子可以翻译成:我们这里没有春天/弹簧弹簧/泉水。泉水。Im sure Ill beat John this time.beat 可以理解为可以理解为defeat 或或hit。故句子可以翻译成:我这次肯定会(在比赛中)战胜约翰。故句子可以翻译成:我这次肯定会(在比赛中)战胜约翰。/我这次肯定要揍约翰一顿。我这次肯定要揍约翰一顿。183.根据词性确定词义根据词性确定词义 很多英语单词有多种词性,当词性不同时,很多英语单词有多种词性,当词性不同时,往往词义也有所不同。因此,在翻译过程中首先往往词义也有所不同。因此,在翻译过程中首先可分析确定词性,然后再根据词性选择恰当的词可分析确定词性,然后再根据词性选择恰当的词义。以义。以“close”为例:为例:1.词义的选择词义的选择根据词性确定词义根据词性确定词义 191.The shops close at 5:30.2.The church is close to the school.3.They were sitting close together on the couch.4.Finally the meeting was brought to a close by the new chairman20教堂离学校教堂离学校很近很近。商店五点半商店五点半关门关门。2)The church is close to the school.(形容词形容词)3)They were sitting close together on the couch.(副词副词)他们他们紧紧挨着坐在长沙发上。挨着坐在长沙发上。1)The shops close at 5:30.(动词动词)最后,新上任的主席最后,新上任的主席结束结束了会议。了会议。4)Finally the meeting was brought to a close by the new chairman.(名词名词)1.词义的选择词义的选择根据词性确定词义根据词性确定词义 214.根据词汇的褒贬确定词义根据词汇的褒贬确定词义 词汇按照感情色彩可以分为褒义、贬义和词汇按照感情色彩可以分为褒义、贬义和中性。在翻译的过程中,译者必须注意词汇的中性。在翻译的过程中,译者必须注意词汇的感情色彩,一般应严格按照原文的精神来进行。感情色彩,一般应严格按照原文的精神来进行。例如:例如:1.词义的选择词义的选择 根据词汇的褒贬确定词义根据词汇的褒贬确定词义22要做个好推销员一定要要做个好推销员一定要有闯劲有闯劲才能成功。才能成功。侵略成性的侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。国家威胁世界和平。2)A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed.1)Aggressive nations threaten world peace.aggressive1.词义的选择词义的选择 根据词汇的褒贬确定词义根据词汇的褒贬确定词义23当我没主意时,他是个乐于助人、当我没主意时,他是个乐于助人、体贴的体贴的朋友。朋友。他对自己个子矮小很他对自己个子矮小很敏感敏感,可别提这件事。,可别提这件事。2)When I need advice,he is a helpful and sensitive friend.1)Hes very sensitive about being small,so dont mention it.sensitive1.词义的选择词义的选择 根据词汇的褒贬确定词义根据词汇的褒贬确定词义241.A short girl in a flat black straw hat appeared in the open doorway.1)一位头戴一位头戴扁平的黑草帽扁平的黑草帽的的矮矮个儿姑娘,出现在门口。个儿姑娘,出现在门口。2)一位头戴一位头戴黑色扁平草帽黑色扁平草帽的的小小个儿姑娘,出现在门口。个儿姑娘,出现在门口。3)一位姑娘出现在门口,只见她个头不高,头戴一顶浅浅的黑草帽。一位姑娘出现在门口,只见她个头不高,头戴一顶浅浅的黑草帽。4)门口闪出一位个头不高的女孩子,头上戴着一顶平平的黑草帽。门口闪出一位个头不高的女孩子,头上戴着一顶平平的黑草帽。5)门口出现一矮妞,头戴扁平黑草帽。门口出现一矮妞,头戴扁平黑草帽。2.to be on tenterhooks(心情烦乱、焦急、紧张)(心情烦乱、焦急、紧张)坐立不安,如坐针毡,局促不安,心乱如麻,七上八下,六神无坐立不安,如坐针毡,局促不安,心乱如麻,七上八下,六神无主,手足无措,提心吊胆,焦虑不安,主,手足无措,提心吊胆,焦虑不安,翻译中的多样性第二章第二章:语义翻译语义翻译253.你的眼睛长哪去了?你的眼睛长哪去了?1)Havent you got eyes?2)Are you so blind?3)Are you such a blind man?4)Youre really stone-blind!5)How blind you are!6)As blind as a bat!7)What a blind man!8)A sightless guy!9)Why are you so rash?10)How can you be so reckless?11)My goodness!Be careful!12)Would you please be more careful?第二章第二章:语义翻译语义翻译264.欢天喜地欢天喜地be filled with joy,in high spirits,gladly,be delighted,with obvious pleasure,happy,in jubilation(欢腾,欢庆,欢庆活动)(欢腾,欢庆,欢庆活动),delights,be highly elated(兴高采烈的,得意洋洋的兴高采烈的,得意洋洋的),to go into raptures(极(极度欢喜)度欢喜),to be in high glee(欢喜,高兴)(欢喜,高兴),大惊小怪大惊小怪fuss,to make such a fuss about,make a fuss over something,be alarmists(大惊小怪者)(大惊小怪者),make a commotion(混乱,喧闹)(混乱,喧闹),panic,get so worked up,raise a false alarm 第二章第二章:语义翻译语义翻译27练习问题:问题:question,problem,issue台湾台湾问题问题完全是中国内政。完全是中国内政。Taiwan _is entirely an internal affair of China.问题:问题:有争议的议题或事情有争议的议题或事情大城市的交通问题必须解决。大城市的交通问题必须解决。Traffic _in big cities must be solved.问题:难题问题:难题issueproblems28课后,他向我提了很多课后,他向我提了很多问题问题。He asked many _to me after class.问题:疑问问题:疑问(a question calls for an answer)你的计划是个好主意,你的计划是个好主意,问题问题是我们是否有足够的是我们是否有足够的时间来准备。时间来准备。Your plan is a good idea,but the _is weather we have enough time to prepare for it.问题:问题:关键,要点关键,要点questionspoint29意见用户对贵公司的产品意见很大。The customers have a lot of complaints about your products.我觉得这是个好主意,你的意见呢?I think its a good idea.Whats your opinion?他太自私了,大家对他有意见。He is selfish,so we are angry with him/we dislike him.我一定听从您的意见。Ill follow your advice.30 Translation PracticeTranslate the following sentences.Directions:Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English,you will find them useful in your writing.1.词义的选择词义的选择 翻译练习翻译练习311.首先,你得意识到(首先,你得意识到(be aware that)在一个陌生的环境中感觉)在一个陌生的环境中感觉紧张是很正常的。紧张是很正常的。2.我们的思维比大部分人的讲话速度要快好几倍。我们的思维比大部分人的讲话速度要快好几倍。(race v.)3.为了使别人注意你,你必须学会如何做一个良好的、体谅的为了使别人注意你,你必须学会如何做一个良好的、体谅的 (sympathetic)听众。)听众。4.其中必不可少的一点是你得尽量扩大视野。其中必不可少的一点是你得尽量扩大视野。(broaden ones horizons)5.幽默感会有所帮助,有时讲个和自己有关的小笑话也会使谈话轻幽默感会有所帮助,有时讲个和自己有关的小笑话也会使谈话轻松松(lighten)起来。起来。6.只有当你愿意交谈并认真地听的时候,你才能成功地与周围的人只有当你愿意交谈并认真地听的时候,你才能成功地与周围的人交朋友。交朋友。(only when)32 1.首先,你得意识到(首先,你得意识到(be aware that)在一个陌生的环境中感觉紧)在一个陌生的环境中感觉紧张是很正常的。张是很正常的。Our thoughts race along several times faster than most people speak.First,you should be aware that feeling nervous in a new environment is quite normal.2.我们的思维比大部分人的讲话速度要快好几倍。我们的思维比大部分人的讲话速度要快好几倍。(race v.)3.为了使别人注意你,你必须学会如何做一个良好的、体谅的为了使别人注意你,你必须学会如何做一个良好的、体谅的 (sympathetic)听众。)听众。In order to get others to pay attention to you,you must first learn how to be a good and sympathetic listener.1.词义的选择词义的选择 翻译练习翻译练习334.其中必不可少的一点是你得尽量扩大视野。其中必不可少的一点是你得尽量扩大视野。(broaden ones horizons)A sense of humor is helpful and you can lighten a conversation by sometimes telling a joke about yourself.One of the essential points is that you should try to broaden your horizons.5.幽默感会有所帮助,有时讲个和自己有关的小笑话也会使谈话幽默感会有所帮助,有时讲个和自己有关的小笑话也会使谈话轻松轻松(lighten)起来。起来。6.只有当你愿意交谈并认真地听的时候,你才能成功地与周围的只有当你愿意交谈并认真地听的时候,你才能成功地与周围的人交朋友。人交朋友。(only when)Only when you are ready to talk and listen attentively will you succeed in making friends with the people around you.1.词义的选择词义的选择 翻译练习翻译练习34n36、自己的鞋子,自己知道紧在哪里。西班牙n37、我们唯一不会改正的缺点是软弱。拉罗什福科n38、我这个人走得很慢,但是我从不后退。亚伯拉罕林肯n39、勿问成功的秘诀为何,且尽全力做你应该做的事吧。美华纳n40、学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。孔子xiexie!xiexie!谢谢!谢谢!
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