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一 、 先 读 问 题 ， 弄 清 考 查 要 点 ， 以 便 能 带 着 问题 看 文 章 ， 这 样 会 心 中 有 数 ， 有 的 放 矢 。 二 、 快 速 浏 览 全 文 ， 掌 握 全 貌 ， 注 意 发 现 与 问题 有 关 的 信 息 ， 如 果 时 间 紧 ， 至 少 要 扫 视 一 下 起首 段 和 尾 段 。 再 把 标 题 和 文 章 内 容 结 合 起 来 想 一想 ， 这 样 全 文 大 意 便 清 楚 了 。 此 时 ， 不 要 忙 于 答题 。 三 、 细 读 原 文 ， 捕 捉 相 关 信 息 词 ， 掌 握 短 文 细节 内 容 。 这 是 解 题 的 关 键 ， 应 特 别 注 意 以 下 几 点 ： 1 抓 住 四 个 W和 一 个 H， 就 是 边 读 边 用铅 笔 做 些 标 记 ， 把 What (事 件 )， When（ 时 间 ） ，Where（ 地 点 ） ， Why（ 原 因 ） ， How（ 经 过 ）划 出 来 。 抓 住 了 四 个 “ W”和 一 个 “ H”， 就 抓 住了 文 章 的 全 貌 ， 一 些 直 接 性 的 问 题 便 可 解 决 。 2 抓 住 连 接 词 及 起 关 键 作 用 的 副 词 、 代 词 、介 词 、 插 入 语 等 。 因 为 这 些 词 具 有 因 果 ， 让 步 ，递 进 ， 转 折 ， 指 代 ， 列 举 及 承 上 启 下 等 各 种 连 接上 下 文 的 特 殊 功 能 。 这 对 考 生 分 清 文 章 层 次 ， 辨明 各 种 关 系 ， 了 解 人 物 心 理 ， 推 断 作 者 意 图 ， 进行 逻 辑 推 理 等 手 段 来 分 析 难 点 ， 都 具 有 举 足 轻 重的 作 用 。 3 注 意 领 会 文 章 的 寓 意 。 4 根 据 题 意 ， 初 选 答 案 。 这 一 步 须 仔 细 审 题 ，领 会 测 试 要 求 ， 确 定 解 题 方 法 。 对 那 些 明 显 的 ，有 把 握 的 题 可 以 断 然 确 定 ， 不 必 把 其 余 三 个 答 案再 作 推 敲 而 浪 费 时 间 ： 有 些 略 难 的 题 ， 应 再 查 阅短 文 （ 不 是 重 读 一 遍 ） ， 迅 速 找 出 依 据 ， 予 以 排除 。 常 用 的 解 题 方 法 有 如 下 几 种 ： 直 接 解 题 法 。 即 从 原 文 中 直 接 找 出 答 案 。 归 纳 解 题 法 。 对 于 不 能 从 原 文 中 直 接 找 出答 案 的 可 在 把 握 全 文 中 心 和 线 索 的 前 题 下 进 行 概括 、 归 纳 得 出 正 确 答 案 。 综 合 推 理 法 。 读 者 需 统 观 全 文 ， 认 真 分 析 ，综 合 推 理 及 至 计 算 ， 最 后 归 纳 出 正 确 答 案 。 题 干 中 有 suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等 字 眼时 ， 属 于 推 断 概 括 型 ， 考 查 内 容 着 眼 于 全 篇 ， 考生 应 具 备 一 定 的 分 析 归 纳 ， 推 理 等 逻 辑 思 维 能 力 。 捕 捉 关 键 词 。 在 阅 读 时 应 该 注 意 与 问 题 相关 的 同 义 词 ， 近 义 词 ， 反 义 词 或 同 位 词 等 信 息 词来 得 出 正 确 答 案 。 转 换 解 题 法 。 即 原 文 这 么 说 ， 而 在 问 题 和所 给 选 项 中 则 用 另 外 的 词 去 转 换 一 种 说 法 ， 但 仍表 示 同 一 含 义 。 排 除 法 。 根 据 语 言 ， 句 法 结 构 ， 信 息 词 和常 识 ， 在 没 有 把 握 的 选 项 中 用 排 除 法 得 出 正 确 答案 。 四 、 重 读 原 文 ， 仔 细 斟 酌 核 对 答 案 。 在 解 完 最后 一 道 题 后 ， 如 果 时 间 允 许 ， 再 将 原 文 读 一 遍 ；用 全 文 的 主 题 思 想 统 率 各 思 考 题 ， 研 究 其 内 在 联系 和 逻 辑 关 系 ， 目 的 在 于 对 所 做 答 案 进 一 步 审 查 ，推 出 未 解 答 的 题 ， 以 便 减 少 失 误 。 典 型 例 题 分 析根 据 内 容 ， 从 短 文 后 每 题 的 四 个 选 项 中 选 择 最 佳 的 一 项 。Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. Through the hole（ 洞 ） in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot, said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（ 再 一 次 ） .Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal（ 煤 ） fires in the world. They are harmful（ 有 害 ）and dangerous. Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set（ 放 置 ） fire to underground coal to speed up（ 加 速 ） the fires. In this way, the burning（ 燃 烧 ） of underground coal would be soon finished.（ 被 烧 完 ） 。 1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _.A. at the age of seven B. seven years oldC. in the year of 1898 D. more than（ 超 过 ）80 years ago 2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _.A. it was in the hole B. it was very hotC. it was orange D. it was harmful 3. How many coal fires are there in the world?A. Theres only one. B. Its hard to say.C. There are 260. D. The article（ 文 章 ） doesnt tell us.AB C 4. Whats one of the best ways to put out（ 扑 灭 ） the underground fire?A. To cover（ 覆 盖 ） the holes with stones（ 石 块 ） .B. To speed up the fires.C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments（ 试 验 ） . 5. What is the best title（ 标 题 ） for the article?A. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.B B 分 析 1. 在 文 章 的 第 一 段 的 第 一 句 里 可 以 找 到 依 据 。 at the age of seven 等 于 when he was seven， 故 正 确 答 案 为 A 。 2 这 一 题 可 以 在 第 一 段 里 直 接 找 到 答 案 ， 属 于 直 接回 答 题 。 正 确 答 案 为 B。 3 这 一 题 可 以 在 第 二 段 里 直 接 找 到 答 案 ， 属 于 直 接回 答 题 。 正 确 答 案 为 C。 4 在 文 章 的 最 后 一 段 提 到 了 扑 灭 火 的 最 好 方 法 ， 那就 是 使 火 加 速 燃 烧 。 正 确 答 案 为 B。 5 完 成 这 道 题 需 作 一 定 的 归 纳 ， 因 为 文 章 中 没 有 给出 直 接 的 回 答 。 文 章 从 Mr Brown两 次 看 火 ， 然 后 说 出 地下 火 的 危 害 ， 最 后 提 出 如 何 灭 火 的 方 法 。 文 章 的 前 两 段是 给 为 什 么 要 灭 火 和 如 何 灭 火 铺 垫 ， 如 何 灭 火 才 是 文 章的 中 心 。 故 正 确 答 案 为 B。 一 、 根 据 文 章 内 容 判 断 正 误 Fred telephoned his wife. “Ive got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. Well have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Freds wife was very pleased. They hadnt been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “Its very strange,” he said. “They arent here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets werent there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尴 尬 ). “Whats the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasnt going home, I left it in the office!” ( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early.( ) 5. Then Fred couldnt find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets. 1、 T 因 为 第 一 段 中 提 到 Fred told his wife “ I ve got two free tickets ” “ free” 此 处 是 免 费 的 意 思 。 2、 F 第 二 段 中 提 到 “ They hadn t been to the theater for a long time.” 3、 F 第 一 段 中 Fred说 “ Meet me outside the office.” 4、 T 第 二 段 中 “ in time” 是 及 时 的 意 思 。 5T 结 尾 处 提 到 的 。 David McConnell sold books from door to door. Housewives(家 庭 主 妇 )were not interested in the books. Usually before he had enough time to say anything about his books, the women closed their doors. But he didnt give up. McConnell decided to bring each of them a present, a small bottle of perfume(香 水 )made by himself. He soon found that the women liked the perfume better than the books. He stopped selling books to sell perfume instead and started his own company “Avon”, which is a great success.When you do nothing, you learn nothing. But when you try, even though you are not successful, you will learn what doesnt work and that puts you closer to what will work. It doesnt matter how many times you are not successful. It does matter that you will be successful one day. Edison was not on the way to success until people bought his first invention. Success once is enough for Edison. And the same for yousuccess once is enough.( ) 1. McConnell was successful as a book-seller.( ) 2. McConnell hoped those women would buy his books if he brought them each a present.( ) 3. If you do nothing at all, you will never be successful.( ) 4. Edison was successful at the very beginning.( ) 5. The writer encouraged us to try as much as we can.F T T F T 1、 F 从 第 一 段 “ He stopped selling books to sell perfume stead.” ， 可 以 判 断 出 他 在 推 销 书方 面 并 不 成 功 。2、 T 第 一 段 第 三 行 提 到 “ McConnell decided to bring each of them a present, ” 。3、 T 这 句 是 第 二 段 前 两 句 的 解 释 。4、 F 最 后 一 段 ， 第 一 句 说 明 Edison 的 发 明 被 人们 认 可 后 才 走 上 了 成 功 之 路 。5、 T 第 二 段 中 作 者 提 出 了 自 己 的 观 点 。 Sociologists(社 会 学 家 ), working in western countries, have found that a large number of women wished they had been born men. The number is said to be as high as 60% in Germany.“ Women often wish they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still men s world,” said Dr James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the study.Many men say that they have more duties than women. A man has to make money to support(养活 )his family and to make the important decision, so it is right for men to be paid more. Some are even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children cannot be taken good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they won t be able to do what they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing up the children.Some women disagree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom(自 由 ) to choose between work and home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances(平 等 机会 ).Anne Harper has a very good job. She also believes in “ Women s Liberation(解 放 ).” “ I don t wish I were a man, ” she says, “ and I don t think many women do. But I do wish people would stop treating(对 待 ) us like second class people. At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only to menusually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a much better chance of living a wonderful life. How many women scientists are there or engineers?” ( ) 1. many men think_. A. women can t do what men can B. men have to work much harder than women C. men can make money more easily than women D. women s duty is mainly to do housework at home1、 D 这 是 一 道 概 括 主 旨 的 题 ， 答 此 题 的 依 据 是 第三 段 内 容 。 这 段 开 头 两 句 话 说 的 是 重 男 ， 那 么 不 言而 喻 ， 家 务 活 和 教 育 子 女 的 任 务 应 有 妇 女 承 担 ； 另有 一 些 男 士 则 公 开 反 对 女 士 外 出 工 作 。 可 见 ， 不 少男 士 认 为 妇 女 的 主 要 职 责 是 在 家 料 理 家 务 。 ( ) 2. Some women have different ideas, They say that_.A. women need chances to go out of the home more oftenB. women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they wantC. if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of menD. women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes2、 B 一 些 妇 女 持 不 同 观 点 ， 文 中 第 四 段 反 映 了他 们 的 意 见 。 这 也 正 是 文 章 的 中 心 思 想 的 写 作 意图 -争 取 人 权 平 等 ， 妇 女 自 由 ， 男 女 平 等 。 ( ) 3. Anne Harper didn t wish to be a man_.A. because she believed in “ Women s Liberation”B. but she wished to get the same jobs as menC. because she had got a good job D. but she wished to treated the same as a man3、 D 安 妮 .哈 珀 不 希 望 自 己 是 男 士 ， 但 她 希 望社 会 像 对 待 男 士 一 样 对 待 她 。 该 题 是 一 考 查 细节 的 题 ， 答 案 在 最 后 一 段 。 ( ) 4. Anne Harper thought that_.A. women should live a better life than men B. women should be really liberatedC. women should be given better jobs than menD. women should live a more wonderful life4、 B 安 妮 .哈 珀 的 想 法 正 是 作 者 的 意 图 ， 如最 后 一 段 写 到 ： She also believes in “ Women s Liberation.” 然 后 她 又 列 举 了许 多 事 实 ， 其 立 意 还 是 为 了 说 明 这 一 正 确 论 点 。 ( ) 5. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?A. There are more men scientists, engineers than women ones.B. Women are second class people, so they shouldn t live a better life.C. Women do the same jobs as men, but get paid less than men.D. There are some best Jobs that women have few chances to take.5、 B 选 题 B的 观 点 在 文 中 没 有 出 现 。 文 中 男 士 尽 管摆 出 种 种 理 由 ， 但 还 没 有 人 敢 明 目 张 胆 地 发 表 歧 视 妇女 的 观 点 ， 即 把 妇 女 作 为 二 等 公 民 ， 认 为 妇 女 不 应 生活 的 更 美 好 。 Have you ever held a toy balloon (气 球 )? They are very light. But there are much bigger balloons. These balloons can fly very high up in the sky. They are big enough to carry people. They are called hot-air balloons. To make a hot-air balloon go up, turn on the burner (燃 烧 器 ). That will make the air inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon will go up. To make the balloon go down, turn off the burner. The air inside the balloon will get cooler. Then the balloon will go down. Underneath (在 下 面 ) the balloon there is a large basket. That is where the pilot (飞 行 员 ) and the passengers (乘 客 ) go.The burner is just above the basket. You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off. The balloon will go where the wind blows it. Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special? First make sure the wind is blowing the right way! People have been flying in hot-air balloons for over two hundred years. Before planes it was the only way of flying. Today people fly in hot air balloons for fun. Some people like to race hot-air balloons. The first Hot-Air Balloon World Championship (锦 标 赛 ) was held in 1973. ( ) 1. A hot-air balloon is _. A. smaller than a toy balloon B. bigger than a toy balloon C. the same as a toy balloon D. lighter than a toy balloon1、 B 由 “ But they are much bigger balloons.”可 知 。 这 里 的 比 较 级 是 与 前 面 “ a toy balloon”相 比 较 。 ( ) 2. Where will you sit if you want to fly in the balloon?A. Inside the basket. B. On top of the balloonC. Under the basketD. Inside the balloon 2、 A 这 是 一 篇 有 关 热 气 球 的 科 普 文 章 ， 需 要 考 生 熟知 有 关 热 气 球 的 基 本 常 识 。 热 气 球 有 燃 烧 器 （ 也 可叫 加 热 器 ） ， 打 开 燃 烧 器 ， 气 球 内 气 体 被 加 热 ， 气球 会 上 升 ， 反 之 就 下 降 。 气 球 下 面 是 一 个 大 篮 子 ，飞 行 员 或 乘 客 在 此 处 ， 燃 烧 器 在 篮 子 上 方 。 热 气 球总 要 随 风 向 飞 行 。 ( ) 3. You want the balloon to go up. So you will _.A. jump out if the balloon B. let the air out of the balloonC. make the air inside the balloon hotter D. let the air inside the balloon cool down3、 C 由 第 二 段 的 叙 述 可 知 。 ( ) 4. Now you are high up in the sky. If you want the balloon go down, you will _.A. make your friends get out of the basketB. make a hole in the balloon with a knifeC. make the air inside the balloon hotterD. make the air inside the balloon cooler 4、 D 由 第 三 段 的 叙 述 可 知 。 ( ) 5. Now everything is all right! The balloon is flying across the sky. Where are you going?A. Towards the sun. B. To the seaside.C. Where the wind blows you. D. To the nearest mountains. 5、 C 由 第 六 段 的 叙 述 可 知 。 (4)Bob was happy. He was at a new school, and the other students were friendly. “ Hi, Bob!” they said. But some students said, “ Hi, Peter!” Bob didn t understand. He asked another student, “ Why do some students call me Peter?”“ Oh, that s easy to answer,” the students said. “ Pete was a student here last year. Now he goes to a different school. You look like Peter. Some students think that you re Peter.” Bob wanted to meet Peter. He got Peter s address from a student and went to Peter s house. Peter opened the door. Bob couldn t believe his eyes. He looked really like Peter! Bob and Peter had the same colour eyes and the same smile. They had the same black hair. They also had the same birthday. And they both were adopted (领 养 ) by two different families.Bob and Peter found out that they were twin brothers. Soon after the boys were born, one family adopted Bob, and another family adopted Peter. Bob s family never knew about Peter, and Peter s family never knew about Bob. Bob and Peter s story was in the newspaper. There was a photo of Bob and Peter next to the story. A young man named John saw the photo in the newspaper. John couldn t believe his eyes. He looked really like Bob and Peter! He had the same colour eyes and the same smile. He had the same black hair. He had the same birthday. And he, too, was adopted by another family.Later John met Bob and Peter. When Bob and Peter saw John, they couldn t believe their eyes. John looked really like them! Why did John look really like Bob and Peter? You can guess. Bob and Peter are not twins. Bob, Peter and John are triplets. 1. How did Bob feel at a new school?2. Why did some students mistake Bob for Peter?3. Where did Bob see Peter?4. How did John know the story?5. What does it mean by “ triplets” , do you know? 1. He was happy. 2. Because Bob looked like Peter very much. 3. In Peter s house. 4. He knew the story from the newspaper. 5. It means Bob, Peter and John were born on the same day, and they are brothers. （ 8）Everyone bathes in a different way. Most Americans never take a bath. They soap and rinse（ 冲 洗 ） off under the shower. The English always take a bath. First, they sit in a bathtub full of warm water. Then they soap themselves, and finally, they rinse off the soap, all in the same water. The Japanese on the other hand, first wash with soap in the shower. Then they go and sit in a bathtub full of warm water for twenty minutes or more. Later, others in the family use the same water to sit and relax in. The Thai（ 泰 国 人 ） do not get into a shower or a bathtub. They stand in a room or area of a house where there is a big jar（ 罐 子 ） full of water. With a bowl they pour water from the jar on themselves so that other people do not see their bodies. The Thai always wear a long piece of cloth called a pasin around their bodies. They wear this when they are bathing.Everyone gets clean in a different way. We know that washing is good healthy for us. But this was not true in the past. Up to 1800, most Americans did not bathe because they thought it was bad for them. What is the passage about? 2. Why do people often bathe? 3. Who needs a bathtub when he bathes? 4. Why do the Thai use a pasin around their bodies when they bathe? 5. When did most Americans begin to bathe often? 1. The ways people bathe.2. To make themselves clean.3. The English and the Japanese.4. To keep others from seeing their bodies.5. About 200 years ago.
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