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Cover Practical College English Course (III) 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Contents Unit 4 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Focus 1 Section 1 :Text: Color Me Pink Background Information Warm Up Vocabulary Intensive Reading Exercises: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII Section 2: Listening and Speaking Focus 2 Section 1: Text: A Silver Lining Exercises: I , II Language Points Section 2: Practical Writing A Guides Welcome Speech Background information Focus1 Section 1 Focus 1 Section I 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Some Basic Facts about Colors Background Information Color is important in peoples lives. But color is more useful than just making the world beautiful. Color is considered one of the most useful and powerful design tools people have. People respond to different colors in different ways. In American culture, black has long been associated with death, while white is believed to signify life and purity. In the Orient, white is the traditional color of mourning. In the U.S., black also suggests sophistication and formality. Americans generally associate and trust a stability with the color blue, while Koreans have this reaction to pink and other pastel colors. In western cultures, different colors have different meanings and associations. Purple and gold are often associated with royalty, wealth and opulence. Red, white and blue convey notions of patriotism and, to some extent, conservatism. Green has taken on a very strong connotation as the color represents ecology and concern for the environment. However, it also conveys meanings associated with money and the suggestion to go ahead which is obviously derived from green traffic light. Colors are also used to represent holidays and seasons of the year. The fall foliage colors of red, orange, yellow, and brown are clearly expressive of Thanksgiving. Halloween: Orange and black. Red and green represent Christmas. Purple and yellow and other pastel colors represent Easter. Warm up Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Warm Up Focus 1 Section I What are your favorite colors and why? A Poem of Colors Orange is a carrot, and the orange I eat. Orange and these bright new socks I wear upon my feet! Yellow is a lemon; yellow is a star. Yellow is the sun in the sky so far. Red is an apple; red is a rose. Red is the color of my frozen, icy nose! Purple is a grape; purple is a plum. Purple is my favorite juice. Shall I get you some? Green is the grass under both my feet. And green is the broccoli my mother makes me eat! Black is the night and a witchs hat. Black is my Moms hair and that witchs cat! Blue is the ocean; blue are my eyes. Blue is the sky where the lonely eagle flies. Brown is the mud; brown is the bear. Brown is the color of my brothers hair. Im learning all my colors, Im really very smart. I put the colors in my head, I know them all by heart. Vocabulary Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Vocabulary Please go over the key words and expressions of the text before reading Focus 1 Section I Ke y W o rd s * e x c i t e v t . 使兴奋，使激动；引起、激起（感情） T h e s t o ry a b o u t a h e ro g re a t l y e x c i t e d t h e l i t t l e b o y s . * c o m m u n i c a t e v t . / v i . 传达，传送；交流，通讯，交际 T e a c h e rs s h o u l d b e a b l e t o c o m m u n i c a t e t h e i r i d e a s c l e a rl y . c l a ri f y v t . / v i . 阐明，澄清 H e s t o o d u p a n d c l a ri f i e d h i s p o s i t i o n . * c o n t e n t m e n t n . U 满足，满意 H e f o u n d c o n t e n t m e n t i n re a d i n g n o v e l s . * u n d e rs t a n d i n g a . 通情达理的，有理解力的 n . U , C 理解（力）；谅解，协议 Sh e i s a n u n d e rs t a n d i n g f ri e n d . * l e v e l n . C 水平，等级；水平面，水平线 a . 平的，水平的 T h e le v e l o f p e o p le s l i vi n g i s g r e a tl y i m p r o v e d . 把我涂成粉红色 你钟爱哪种颜色 ？ 红色 、 白色 、 粉红色 ， 还是紫色 ？ 我 们对颜色都很敏感 。 有些颜色我们很喜欢 ， 有些颜色我们一 点也不喜欢 。 没有哪一种颜色我们对它是没有感情倾向的 。 有的颜色使我们平静 ， 有的使我们兴奋 ， 有的令我们愉快 ， 而有的则让我们伤感 。 人们受颜色影响之深远超过自己所意 识到的 ， 因为颜色和我们生活的方方面面紧密相关 。 Intensive Reading-Para 1 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 1 Red, white, pink, purplewhat is your favorite color? We are all sensitive to color. There are some colors we like a lot and some we dont like at all. No color is neutral. Some colors calm us, others excite us, some make us happy, and others make us sad. People are affected by color more than they realize because color is tied to all aspects of our lives. Intensive Reading Color Me Pink Focus 1 Section I Question About Para. 1 (1) Why is color important to people? Because it is tied to all aspects of our lives. excite: vt. to make sb. feel very pleased, interested or enthusiastic, esp. about sth. that is going to happen 使兴奋 ， 使激动；引起 、 激 起 （ 感情 ） e.g. (1) The story about a hero greatly excited the little boys. 这则英雄的故事使小男孩们兴 奋不已 。 (2) The news has certainly excited comment. 这 消息已使人们议论纷纷了 。 excite的过去分词形式 excited可以用作形容词 ， 意为 “ feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasm激动的 ， 兴奋的 ” 。 e.g. The excited children were opening their presents. 兴奋的孩子们正在打开礼物 。 Intensive Reading-Para2 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Intensive Reading 2 Experts in colorgenics, the study of the language of color, believe that the colors we wear say a lot about us. Do you know why you select a shirt or dress of a certain color when you look through your clothes in the morning? Colorgenics experts say that we choose, sometimes without really knowing it, to wear certain colors in order to communicate our desires, emotions and needs. 色彩取向学专家，即研究色彩语言的专家 认为，我们服饰的颜色可以显示很多有关我们 的信息。早上你匆匆看一下衣服，就选定了某 个颜色的衬衫或裙子，你知道这是为什么吗？ 色彩取向学专家认为，我们选择穿某个颜色的 衣服是为了传递我们的愿望、情感和需要，而 我们往往并未真正意识到这一点。 Focus 1 Section I Questions About Para. 2 (2) What do colorgenics experts believe with regard to the colors we wear? (3) What do we want to communicate when we wear certain colors according to colorgenics experts? They believe that the colors we wear say a lot about us. We want to communicate our desires, emotions and needs. communicate: vt./vi. to transmit, to convey 传达 ， 传送；交流 ， 通讯 ， 交际 注意： communicate在表示 “ 传达 ， 传送 ” 时是及物动词 ， 在表示 “ 交流 ， 通讯 ， 交 际 ” 时是不及物动词 。 e.g. (1) Teachers should be able to communicate their ideas clearly. 老师们应 该能清楚地表达他们的观点 。 (2) They communicate the new data to our office through fax. 他们通过传真将新 资料传送到我们办公室 。 (3) Nowadays young people rarely communicate with their parents. 现在的年 轻人很少和父母交流 。 Intensive Reading-Para 3 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Intensive Reading 3 Colorgenics experts claim that the colors of our clothes send messages to others to clarify our mood, personality, and desires. For these experts, pink expresses the peace and contentment of the wearer. People who often wear pink are supposed to be warm and understanding. The message is that you would like to share your peace and happiness with others. Red garments, on the other hand, indicate a high level of physical energy. People who wear red like to take life at a fast pace. Yellow can maximize attention from others. Brown is the color of wealth and it shows a need for independence and material security. Wearers of green have a love of nature and enjoy peaceful moments. They often like to be left alone with their thoughts. Green also has a relaxing visual effect. Those whose preference for color is blue tend to seek permanent protection or job. Question About Para. 3 (4) What does a red garment indicate about the wearer? 色彩取向学专家声称 ， 我们的服饰向别人传达了 一些表明我们心情 、 性格和意愿的信息 。 在这些专 家看来 ， 粉红色意味着穿衣者平静而满足 ， 经常穿 粉红色衣服的人被认为是热心且善解人意的 ， 它传 递的信息是你愿意和别人分享你的平静和快乐；而 红色衣服则象征着强健的体能 ， 穿红色衣服的人喜 欢快节奏的生活；黄色最能吸引别人的注意力；棕 色是象征财富的颜色 ， 它传递了需求独立和物质安 全的信息；穿绿色衣服的人热爱自然 ， 喜欢安宁 ， 他们常常喜欢独处幽思 ， 而绿色也有着轻松舒缓的 视觉效果；偏爱蓝色的人往往寻求永久的护佑或稳 定的工作 。 Focus 1 Section I A red garment indicates a high level of physical energy. clarify: vt./vi. to make clear and (more) comprehensible阐明 ， 澄清 e.g. (1) He stood up and clarified his position. 他站起来阐明了自己的立场 。 (2) The public were very disappointed that the government hadnt clarified the matters. 政 府没有澄清这些问题 ， 公众感到很失望 。 clarify是从形容词 clear +后缀 -fy派生而来 ， 类似的例子有： pretty + -fy =prettify（ 美 化 ） ； just + -fy =justify（ 使 合法 ） ； pure + -fy =purify（ 使 纯洁 ） 。 understanding: a. showing sympathy for other peoples problems and being willing to forgive the w th y do sth. wrong通情达理的 ， 有理解力的 e.g. (1) She is an understanding friend. 她是一 位善解人意的朋友 。 (2) He is understanding of my difficulties. 他非常体谅我的难处 。 understanding还可用作名词 ， 意为 “ the knowledge that sb. has about a particular subject or situation理解 （ 力 ） ；谅解 ， 协 议 ” 。 e.g. (1) His understanding of English is very good. 他对英语的理解力非常强 。 (2) They finally came to an understanding. 他们最终取得了一致意见 。 level: n. C a particular standard or quality水 平 ， 等级；水平面 ， 水平线 e.g. (1) The level of peoples living is greatly improved. 人们的生活水平大幅提高 。 (2) I finally found my own level in the business world. 我终于在生意场上找到了自 己的位置 。 (3) The flood water nearly reached roof level. 洪水几乎涨到屋顶 。 level还可用作形容词 ， 意为 “ having a flat surface that does not slope平的 ， 水平的 ” 。 e.g. We need a level piece of ground to play football on. 我们需要一块平地来踢足球 。 leave sb. alone: to stop annoying sb. or trying to get their attention 不打扰；不惊 动 e.g. Leave me alone please. 请别打扰我 。 leave sth. alone: to stop touching, changing, or moving sth. 不碰；不变动； 不移动 e.g. Leave that alone, its mine. 别碰那个 ， 那是我的 。 thought: n. C, U a persons mind and all the ideas that they have in it whe they a e thinking思想；想法 ， 见解；思考 ， 思 维 ， 思想活动 e.g. (1) My thoughts turned to home. 我想 家了 。 (2) Shes quiet girl and doesnt share her thoughts. 她是个文静的女孩 ， 不表露她的想法 。 (3) After much thought he decided not to buy the car. 经过仔细考虑后他决 定不买汽车了 。 protection: n. U, C the activity of protecting sb. or sth. 保护 ， 防卫；保护 物 ， 护身符 e.g. (1) The protection of the environment is the duty of everyone. 保护环境人人有 责 。 (2) Her coat gave her protection from the rain. 她的外套使她免受雨淋 。 protection的动词形式是 prot ct， 意为 “ to make sure that sb./sth. is not harmed, injured, damaged, etc. 保护 ， 保卫 ” 。 Intensive Reading-Para4 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Intensive Reading 4 Although colorgenics may be a recent area of study, associating colors with emotions is not new. Colors have always been used to describe not only our feelings, but also our physical health and attitudes. Red with rage describes anger; in the pink means to be in good health; feeling blue is a sad way to feel; and green with envy indicates a jealous attitude. 尽管色彩取向学是一个新的研究领域 ， 但是将颜 色和情感联系在一起却并不新鲜了 。 颜色不仅总是 用来描述我们的心情 ， 也用来描述我们的生理健康 和态度 。 “ red with rage”描述了愤怒； “ in the pink” 意为身体健康； “ feeling blue”是感到伤感； “ green with envy”表示嫉妒的态度 。 Focus 1 Section I red with rage: so angry that face turns red 非常生气 ， 气得 涨红了脸 e.g. Leave her alone now. She is red with rage. 这会儿别惹她 ， 她非常生气 。 anger: n. U the state of being angry怒 ， 愤怒 e.g. (1) She cried with anger so that we all kept silent. 她愤怒地大叫 ， 所以我们都保持沉默 。 (2) His anger faded away. 他气消了 。 anger还可用作动词 ， 意为 “ to make sb. angry 使发怒 ， 激怒 ” 。 e.g. (1) I was angered by his refusal to come to the party. 他拒绝来参加晚会激怒了我 。 (2) The question clearly angered him. 这个 问题显然激怒了他 。 in the pink: fine, very well, in good condition 身体健康；精力充沛 e.g. (1) Although he is 77 years old, he still looks in the pink. 虽然他已经 77 岁了 ， 但看上去依然很健康 。 (2) All the family are in the pink. 家里所有人身体都好 。 ree with envy: very jealous非常嫉 妒 ， 眼红的 e.g. (1) Tim was green with envy when he saw Jacks new car. 看到杰克的新 车 ， 蒂姆非常嫉妒 。 (2) Her sister had been given a gold wristwatch and s e was green with envy. 别人送给她姐姐一块金手 表 ， 她十分妒忌 。 jealous: a. feeling angry or unhappy because you wish you had st . that sb. else has 嫉妒的 ， 羡慕的；猜忌的 e.g. (1) He is jealous of their success. 他 嫉妒他们的成就 。 (2) Sarah is Janes friend but she is jealous if Jane plays with other girls. 萨 拉是简的朋友 ， 但如果简和别的女孩 一起玩 ， 她就很嫉妒 。 注意： jealous通常和 of搭配 ， be jealous of (sb.)： 嫉妒 （ 某人 ） 。 Intensive Reading-Para 5 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Intensive Reading 5 Color is used symbolically in all cultures and it plays an important role in ceremonies and festivities. Yellow is a symbol of luck in Peru and it can be seen just about everywhere during New Year celebrationsin flowers, clothing, and decorations. Some Peruvians say, The more yellow you have around you, the luckier you will be in the new year. Yellow is also an important color to the Vietnamese, who use it at weddings and also on their flag, where it represents courage, victory, and sacrifice. To the ancient Chinese, yellow was the symbol of high social status. In many cultures, white symbolizes purity, which is why brides often wear white wedding gowns. Black, on the other hand, symbolizes death, and it is often the color people wear to funerals. 在所有的文化中 ， 颜色的使用都有象征意义 ， 它在仪式和庆祝活动中发挥着重要的作用 。 在秘鲁 ， 黄色象征幸运 ， 在新年的庆典中 ， 黄色随处可见 花朵上 、 衣服上以及装饰品上 。 一些秘鲁人说： “ 你周围的黄色越多 ， 你在新的一年中运气就越 好 。 ” 对越南人来说 ， 黄色也是一种重要的颜色 ， 他们把它用在婚礼中和旗帜上 ， 象征勇气 、 胜利和 牺牲 。 在中国古代 ， 黄色象征着崇高的社会地位 。 在很多文化中 ， 白色象征着纯洁 ， 这就是为什么新 娘常常穿白色的结婚礼服 。 相反 ， 黑色象征着死亡 ， 人们在葬礼上通常穿黑色 。 Focus 1 Section I Question About Para. 5 (5) What does yellow represent in Vietnam? In Vietnam yellow represents courage, victory and sacrifice. symbolically: ad. in a way that represents sth. 象征地 e.g. (1) During this traditional festival, many things are used symbolically. 在这个传统的节 日里 ， 很多东西都有象征意义 。 (2) By wearing the ring on the ring finger of the left hand, a married couple symbolically declares their eternal love for each other. 将婚 戒戴在左手的无名指上 ， 也就象征着夫妻双 方向众人宣告了彼此永恒的爱情 。 symbolically的词根是形容词 symbolical， 意 为 “ relating to or using or proceeding by means of symbols表示象征的 ， 符号的 ” ， 也可写成 symbolic。 role: n. C 作用 ， 任务；角色 e.g. (1) The media play a major role in influencing peoples opinions. 媒体在影响舆论方面发挥着 重要作用 。 (2) Your role is to protect the girl. 你的任务 是保护这个女孩 。 (3) His role is the old king in our school play. 他在我们学校的演出中扮演老国王的角色 。 play a(n) role: 起 作用 e.g. (1) Mandela played a leading role in ending apartheid in south Africa. 曼德拉在结束南非种 族隔离的运动中起了主要作用 。 (2) Chinas mainland plays an important role in Hong Kongs economy. 中国大陆在香港经济 中起着重要的作用 。 短语 play the role of 意为 “ 扮演 角色 ” 。 e.g. In the school play, he played the role of a prince. 在学校的演出中 ， 他扮演了王子的角色 。 celebration: n. C, U a joyful occasion for special festivities to celebrate some happy events庆祝 ， 庆典； （ 庆祝 ） 仪式 e.g. (1) Did you take part in the celebration of May Day? 你有没有参加五一节的庆祝 活动 ？ (2) The villagers had a celebration, with a new film to finish up with. 村民们开了个 庆祝会 ， 最后以放映一部新电影结束 。 celebration词根是动词 celebrate， 意为 “ to have a celebration庆祝 ” 。 Intensive Reading-Para 6 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Intensive Reading 6 According to colorgenics experts, colors not only are a mirror of ourselves, but they have an effect on us as well. Blue is calming, while red is stimulating and exciting. Its not just by chance that racing cars are often painted red. Yellow is a happy color that makes us feel good about life. Pink awakens love and kindness. 在色彩取向学专家看来 ， 颜色不仅是我们的一面镜子 ， 同时也在影响着我们 。 蓝色使人平静 ， 红色令人激动和振 奋 。 赛车常常漆成红色并不是偶然的 。 黄色是愉快的颜色 ， 使我们感受到生活的美好 ， 而粉红色则能够唤起爱和友善 。 Focus 1 Section I Question About Para. 6 (6) What other function(s) do colors perform in addition to that of a mirror? Colors have an effect on us as well. stimulating: a. making you feel excited, more active and healthy, full of new ideas 使人兴奋的 ， 使人有活力的；充满新思 想的 e.g. (1) We had a most stimulating conversation. 我们进行了一次非常振奋 人心的谈话 。 (2) I found mountain air much more stimulating. 我觉得山上的空气更让人振 奋 。 stimulating的词根为动词 stimulate， 意为 “ to cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner 刺激 ， 激励 ” 。 e.g. (1) Exercise stimulates the flow of blood. 运动促进血液流动 。 (2) Coffee and tea stimulate me. 咖啡 和茶使我感到兴奋 。 Intensive Reading-Para 7 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Intensive Reading 7 Some experts are so convinced that colors have a strong effect on us that they believe colors can be used to help us feel better. They say that by concentrating our thoughts on certain colors, we can cause energy to go to the parts of the body that need treatment. White light is said to be able to remove harmful things from the body, and it can balance the bodys entire system. Yellow stimulates the mind and creates a positive attitude, so it can help fight against depression. Green, which has a calming and restful effect, is supposed to be good for heart conditions. Books are now available that teach people how to recover with color. These books provide long lists of physical problems and the colors that can cure them. For instance, yellow induces people to digest food more easily, and regulate our nervous system. 有的专家坚信颜色对我们有强大的影响 ， 他们 相信可以用颜色来使我们的病情好转 。 他们认为 ， 我们将注意力集中于某种颜色 ， 可以使能量到达 身体上那些需要治疗的部位 。 据说白色光线可以 去除体内的有害物质 ， 还能保持身体整个系统的 平衡 。 黄色可以刺激大脑 ， 产生积极态度 ， 因此 能够帮助抵制抑郁 。 绿色有平和宁静的效果 ， 一 般认为对心脏有益 。 现在可以买到教人如何利用 颜色来帮助康复的书 。 这些书罗列了种类繁多的 身体疾病以及用来治愈这些疾病的颜色 。 比如说 ， 黄色能够促进人对食物的消化 ， 并能调节神经系 统 。 Focus 1 Section I Question About Para. 7 (7) How can colors be used to help us feel better according to some colorgenics? By concentrating our thoughts on certain colors, we can cause energy to go to the parts of the body that need treatment. convinced: a. completely sure about sth. 坚信 ， 深信 ， 确信 e.g. (1) I am convinced of her innocence. 我坚 信她是清白无辜的 。 (2) I felt convinced that they were right. 我 确信他们是正确的 。 convinced的动词形式是 convince， 意为 “ to make sb./yourself believe that sth. is true使确 信 ， 使信服 ” 。 e.g. (1) Youll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你殷 切地希望得到这份工作 。 (2) Id convinced myself (that) I was right. 我确信自己是正确的 。 digest: vt. to absorb (food); to arrange and integrate (sth.) in mind消化 e.g. (1) Some girls cant digest fat. 有些女孩 吃肥肉不消化 。 (2) Humans cannot digest plants such as grass. 人不能消化像草一样的植物 。 digest还可用作名词 ， 意为 “ a periodical that summarizes the news or main contents摘要 ， 文摘 ” 。 e.g. He likes to read Reader s Digest. 他喜欢 读 读者文摘 。 regulat : vt. to fix, to adj st调整 ， 调节； 使有条理 /秩序 ， 整顿 e.g. (1) This ca regulate t temperature of the room. 这可以用来调节房间的温度 。 (2) My watch loses time; please regulate it. 我的表慢了 ， 请把它校准 。 (3) His job is to regulate the traffic. 他的 工作是维持交通秩序 。 regulate的名词是 regulation， 意为 “ 规章 ， 规则；管理 ， 控制；调整 ， 调节 ” 。 Intensive Reading-Para 8 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Intensive Reading 8 Some psychologists and physicians also use colors to help them treat patients with emotional and psychological problems. By giving them what is called the Luscher color test, in which individuals select the colors they like and dislike doctors can have some insight into a patients personality. 有些心理学家和医生也利用颜色来帮助自己治疗有情感和心理问 题的病人 。 通过对病人进行称之为吕舍尔颜色测试的试验 ， 即让每 个人选择他们喜欢和厌恶的颜色 ， 医生就可以了解病人的个性 。 Focus 1 Section I Questions About Para. 8 (8) How do psychologists and physicians use colors? (9) What does a person do in the Luscher color test? They use colors to help them treat patients with emotional and psychological problems. He or she selects the colors he or she likes and dislikes. dislike: vt. to not like, hate不喜爱 ， 厌恶 它由 like加否定前缀 dis-构成 ， 后接名词或动名 词 。 e.g. (1) He likes cats but dislikes dogs. 他喜欢猫 但不喜欢狗 。 (2) She strongly disliked being spoken to like that. 她非常讨厌别人那样和她说话 。 dislike 还可用作名词 ， 意为 “ a feeling of not liking sth. 不喜爱 ， 厌恶 ” 。 e.g. Tell me your likes and dislikes. 请告诉我你 所喜欢的与厌恶的 。 注意： dis-是个前缀 ， 表示否定意思 。 比如： satisfy（ 满足 ） dissatisfy（ 不满足 ） ； please （ 使 高兴 ） displease（ 使 不高兴 ） Intensive Reading-Para 9 Focus1 Section 1 上海交通大学出版社 美心英语 Intensive Reading 9 In conclusion, the study of colors can help us to understand ourselves and to improve our lives. It offers an alternative way to cure the body and spirit, and it can help us understand what others are trying to communicate. We can then respond to their needs and achieve a new level of understanding. 总之 ， 对颜色的研究能帮我们了解自己 ， 并改善我们的 生活 。 它为治愈我们身体和精神问题提供了另一种选择 ， 并 能帮助我们了解其他人所要表达的信息 ， 使我们能够对他们 的需求做出反应 ， 并达到新层面上的理解 。 Focus 1 Section I Question About Para. 9 (10) Wha
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