初中英语《直接引语和间接引语》

直 接 引 语 和 间 接 引 语 总 结（当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。如果引用原话，被引用部分就是直接引语，如果是转述原话，则是间接引语。） 直 接 引 语 的 构 成 要 素 1、 只 须 将 原 话 放 在 引 号 之 中 ， 不 作 任 何 变 动 。 2、 没 有 时 态 呼 应 的 问 题 。 3、 引 用 原 话 前 可 以 用 逗 号 ， 也 可 以 用 冒 号 。 4 、 第 二 个 引 号 之 前 ， 亦 即 重 述 的 话 之 末 ,按 其 类 别 放 一 个 句 号 或 问 号 等 。 She said ， “ Ill come here the day after tomorrow.” She said to me ， “ Does she teach English in this school？ ” “直接引语”与“引述动词” He said,“Its time for lunch.” “ I like apples,”Tom said. Jack said,“Mike can swim.”我们把引号中的句子叫做直接引语，引号外的动词叫引述动词如何把直接引语变为间接引语呢？如上面的句子可以变为：He said( that) it was time for lunch. Tom said he liked apples. Jack said Mike could swim.直接引语变为间接引语有下列一些注意事项：、时态的变化。2、人称的变化。谓语动词的变化。引导词的运用。、其他变化。 l直接引语是陈述句的变化l“I dont like action films,” Lingling said.lLingling said that she didnt like action films.lHe said “Im here.” He said that he was there.lJake said,“There is a good film on tonight.”lJake said that there was a good film on that night.l总结：当直接引语是一般陈述句时，变为间l接引语时，用that引导，语序不变。 直接引语是祈使句的变化He said to the children,“Be quiet,”He told the children to be quiet.He said to Betty“ Stop.”He asked Betty to stop.She said to Tony,“Dont go close to the bears.” She told Tony not to go close to the bears.We said to them,“Dont make any noise,please”We asked them not to make any noise.总结：当直接引语是祈使句时，变为间接引语时，一般转换为 tell sb to do sth或.ask sb to do sth. She said, “Are you interested in chemistry?”She asked if whether I was interested in chemistry.Jack said,“Did you know Mike?”Jack asked (me)if I knew Mike。总结：当直接引语是一般疑问句时，变为间接引语要用连词if或whether来引导，从句用陈述句语序主句中的谓语动词是said时，要变为asked，没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语如：me,him, us. v直接引语是特殊疑问句的变化vHe asked me,“What are these?”v He asked me what those were.v Betty asked me “Where are you from?”v Betty asked me where I was from.v总结：当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语时，要用原来的疑问词引导，从句用陈述句语序 注意事项v如果直接引语中的主语为第一人称、人称随主语做适当变化v，变为间接引语时，人称要随句子的人称而变化。v、谓语动词时态的变化v如果引述动词为一般过去时，间接引语中动词的时态一般推移到过去时间，如：一般现在时一般过去时。现在进行时过去进行时。一般将来时过去将来时。现在完成时态过去完成时态，v当直接引语表示客观真理时，原来的时态不变。例如：v The teacher said,“The sun rises in the east,”v The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. v、其他变化：this that these those now thentoday that day tonight that night herethere yesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next day come.go. I play sports every day.What did he/she say?I like to play basketball a lot. I can sing very w ll.Im very funny.Im very friendly.Iwork v ry hard. 练习题 1.He said, “please come here again tomorrow.” He asked me 2.He said,“Dont do that again.” He told me 3.He asked,“Where are you to get off,John?” He asked John 4.He asked,“How do you come to school.” He asked me 5.He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?” He asked me 6.She asked, “Do you see a monkey?” She asked me to go there again the next day.not to do that again.Where he was to get off.How I went to schoolWhether I was a teacher or a student.If/whether I saw a monkey. 将直接引语改写为间接引语1. Lana said, Im going to have a surprise party for Maria. Lana said that _.2. The teacher said, My students are hard-working. The teacher said that _.3. Tom told Jane, I will lend my bicycle to you. Tom told Jane that _.4. My friend said, Im sorry that I d gotten mad. My friend said that _.5. She asked me, Why do you want to do that? She asked me_ . 参考答案 1. Lana said that she was going to have a surprise party for Maria. 2. The teacher said that his/ her students were hardworking. 3. Tom told Jane that he would lend his bicycle to her/Jane. 4. My friend said that she was sorry that shed gotten mad. 5. She asked me why I wanted to do that. Make a survey:做调查活动，请你的同学们谈谈他们星期天都干些什么， 然后用“He/She said (that）he/she often ”句式将结果报告给大家并写一篇书面表达。Names What do they often do on Sunday?Lily She said she often helped her mother do some housework.I make a survey about “what do students often do on sunday”.Heres the results : Lily said she often helped her mother do some housework. 1.Ben told Lana that Marcia was going to have a surprise party for her.Marcia ( is / will ) going to have a surprise party for you. I ( am / was ) not mad at Marcia anymore. 2.Lana said she wasnt mad at Marcia anymore. I ( will / would ) go to Marcias house on Friday night. 3. Lana said she would go to Marcias house on Friday night. I ( am / was ) not going to have the party.4. Marcia told everyone she wasnt going to have the party. I ( will / would ) bring some drinks and snacks to your house.5. Lana said she would bring some drinks and snacks to Marcias house. 3b Imagine the next episode of “Young Lives”. Finish the newspaper article.Last night on “Young Lives”, it was an exciting night. There was a surprising party. Lana said she would bring some drinks and snacks to Marcias house on Friday night. But Lana forgot to bring some things. Marcia was still very glad. Then they went to the park outside the Marcias house. Marcia and Lana were surprised to see their classmates. They smiled. Then every student took out their gifts. They laughed, ate and drank. How happy they were! pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 将某物传给某人He passed a book to me. = He passed me a book. 他递给我一本书。pass on 把传给另一个；转移pass on the message 把消息传过去1. Pass on the stick. 传递接力棒。2. Please pass the book on one by one. 请大家传阅这本书。3. Please read this notice and pass it on to others. 通知看后请传给其他人。