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【压轴专讲】中考命题要点强化：宾语从句【考点串讲】中考对宾语从句考查的重点是引导词、时态和语序高频考向一宾语从句的引导词宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如：We believe(that)he is honest.我们相信他是老实的。如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：I dont know if/whether she will come here.我不知道是否她将来这儿。Sorry，I dont know whether he will come or not.对不起，我不知道他是否会来。宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如：Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老师问这些学生正在做什么。【例1】【2021，广州】Could you say it again？I cant understand _ you are talking about.Ahow Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich解析：how和when在宾语从句中作状语，而此处宾语从句的引导词在宾语从句中作talk about的宾语，故排除A、B两项；what“什么，which“哪一个，由句意“我无法理解你正在谈论什么可知应用what。答案：_C_【例2】【2021，安徽】Could you tell me _ he came here?He drove here himself.Ahow Bwhy Cwhen Dwhether解析：此题考查宾语从句的引导词。how“怎样，why“为什么；when“什么时候；whether“是否。由答语“他是自己开车来这儿的知问句为“你能告诉我他是怎样来这儿的吗？。答案：_A_高频考向二宾语从句的时态宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况：主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。主句的时态为过去的某种时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的某一过去的时态。如：She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如：He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。【例3】【2021，上海】The official said that they _ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.Amakes Bwould makeCmade Dhave made解析：主句的谓语动词said是过去式，因此从句也应用过去的某种时态，由时间状语the next year可知应用过去将来时。答案：_B_【例4】 Can you tell me _ the prize，Tom?Last year.Awhen you got Bwhen did you getCwhen will you get Dwhen you will get解析：宾语从句的语序须是陈述句语序，排除B、C项；由答句last year可知从句的时态为一般过去时。答案：_A_高频考向三宾语从句的语序含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词主语谓语其他。如：I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车什么时候离开的。注意：有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：Whats wrong with？/Which is the way to？/ What happened to you？/Whats the matter/trouble？/Who studies the hardest in your class?do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如：Who do you think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：Does he sing well？The music teacher asked him.The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否好。如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词复原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如：Will you be free tomorrow？She asked me.She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。【例5】【2021，滨州】Hi，Bruce. Here is a letter for you.Thanks. I wonder _.Awho the letter was fromBwho was from the letterCwho was the letter fromDwho from the letter was解析：宾语从句应用陈述语序，即be动词、助动词和情态动词都应放在主语后，在此宾语从句中，主语是the letter，谓语was from应放在主语后，故排除选项B和C；选项D将from置于主语前，是错误的。句意“嗨，布鲁斯。这儿有你的一封信“谢谢。我想知道这封信是谁寄来的。答案：_A_【例6】【2021，桂林】Can you tell me _ this morning?Sorry，Ive no idea.Awhy didnt Daming come to schoolBwhy Daming didnt come to schoolCwhy doesnt Daming come to schoolDwhy Daming doesnt come to school解析：由this morning可知事情发生在过去，故排除C、D两项；宾语从句应用陈述句语序。答案：_B_高频考向四宾语从句的否认前移在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否认意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如：I dont suppose he will come.我猜他不会来。注意：如果主句主语不是I或we，那么not不前移。如：She thinks she cant arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。【例7】 翻译：我认为明天不会下雨。I_dont_think_it_will_rain_tomorrow.高频考向五宾语从句的转化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope，wish，decide等时，从句可转化为不定式结构。如：I hope that I can see you again.I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到你。当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可转化为“疑问词不定式结构。如：I dont know what I should say.I dont know what to say.我不知道该说什么。当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可转化为“不定式结构或“疑问词不定式结构。如：Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldnt draw on the wall.Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps?Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票？有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构，常用动词find，think，make。如：I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait.I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.I find she is a good girl.I find her a good girl.由what引导的宾语从句可转化为定语从句。如：We did what we could to help you.We did everything (that) we could to help you.Robert saw what Mr. Smith did.Robert saw everything (that) Mr. Smith did.【例8】 将以下句子改为简单句。【2021，随州】The teacher told the boy he shouldnt spend too much time playing games.解析：主句的谓语动词是tell，宾语从句的主语是主句的间接宾语，故从句可简化为不定式结构：tell sb. not to do sth.。答案：The_teacher_told_the_boy_not_to_spend_too_much_time_playing_games.【要点强化】【例1】【2021河南】35. Miss Lee, I didnt catch what you said. Could you tell me _ again?OK.A. what should we take B. where shall we meetC. when we would start D. how we will get there【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A和B。由下文中的again可知，用一般将来时。答案：_D_【例2】【2021河北】44. If you cant find the place, I will show you_ . A. what it is B. what it was C. where it is D. where it was【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。根据句子的语境可知此处应用一般现在时，排除答案B和D，根据句意可知此处表示“指给对方处所，故用where。答案：_C_【例3】【2021江苏徐州】14. Could you tell me _ yesterday?Because my bike was broken on my way here. A. why you came late B. why do you come lateC. why you come late D. why did you come late【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句用成陈述句的语序，因此排除选项B、D，又由句中的时间yesterday知，宾语从句用成一般过去时态。答案：_A_1.【2021江苏淮安】10. When H7N9 bird flu first appeared, people didnt know _ doctors could cure it.A. if B. that C. what D. why【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意“当H7N9流感首次出现的时候, 人们不知道医生是否能够治愈, if是否。答案：_A_2.【2021江苏常州】9.How soon will you start your journey?Im not sure. I havent decided . A. when shall I ask the boss for leaveB. where I will go to spend the holidayC. whether I would go by train or by planeD. who could invite me to go【解析】此题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句用陈述句语序，主句用现在完成时，从句应用一般过去时。答案：_B_3.【2021湖南益阳】27.I dont know_.A. where she comes from B. how old is she C. when was she born【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述语序，选项B、C都是疑问语序。根据句意：我不知道她来自哪里。答案：_A_4.【2021湖北宜昌】39. Could you tell me _? To get ready for the High School Entrance Exam. A. what he is busy B. why he stays up C. if he is worried D. where he can pass the exam 答案：_B_5.【2021浙江杭州】27.I dont understand _ that everythings fine when its not.A. how can he sayB. can he say howC. he can say howD. how he can say【解析】此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句需要使用陈述语序，且连接词位于从句句首。答案：_D_6.【2021浙江绍兴】24.Do you know _Jane visits her grandparents?Once a week. She loves them deeply.A. how soon B. how often C. how long D. how far【解析】考查宾语从句连接副词的用法。how soon多久，常对将来时间提问；how often多久一次，多对表“频度的词提问；how long多长时间，常对“一段时间提问；how far多远，常对距离、路程提问。根据答语“Once a week可知：是询问的频度，故用how often引导。答案：_B_7.【2021重庆】36Did the radio say_? Yes，from Hunan A. how the bad rice came Bwhere the bad rice came from Chow did the bad rice come Dwhere did the bad rice come from解析：此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除D项；由答语“Yes，from Hunan可推知问句与地点相关，因此引导词用where。答案：_B_8.【2021广东湛江】30. I want to know .Sorry. Ive no idea. But she was here just now.A. where is Ann B. where Ann is C. where was Ann D. where Ann was【解析】考查宾语从句。由宾语从句应该用陈述语序可排除B、C选项；再由答语可知询问的是安现在在哪里。答案：_B_【新题预测】【上海市徐汇区2021年中考二模】43. Many people are wondering _. A) whether is the meat from the lab bad for their health B) whether the meat from the lab is bad for their health C) whether is bad for their health the meat from the lab D) whether from the lab the meat is bad for their health【答案】B【江苏省南京市玄武区2021年中考一模】14. I hear people talk about “Wisdom of the printed page. They wonder .A. whether can the young afford to read books B. where do the Chinese people like to read booksC. when the Chinese can realize the importance of reading D. why do Chinese people spend lots of their time playing mobiles【答案】C【鹤壁市2021年初中毕业调研暨中考第二次模拟】35. I didnt understand _, so I raised my hand to ask.A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher sayC. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say【答案】C【2021郑州市九年级第一次预测】35Do you know tomorrow? David? Never! He hates outdoor activitiesAwhether David will go cycling with usBwhen will David go cycling with usCthat David would go cycling with usDwho David would go cycling with【答案】A【江苏省南京市高淳区2021年中考一模】14. The light in his room is still on. Do you know _? To prepare for the coming exam, I think.A. if he works hard B. why he stays up so late C. why is he so busy D. when he will stop working 【答案】B【山东省济南市市中区2021中考英语一模】55.Could you tell me _ ? By searching the Internet.A. how you got the information B. when you got the informationC. how did you get the information D. where did you get the information【答案】A【北京市西城2021年中考一模】34.Do you know _ now, Steven?In Australia.A. Where Sarah lived B. where did Sarah live C. where Sarah lives D. where does Sarah live【答案】C
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