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常用数据:热导率比热容热导率比热容金属材料熔点、热导率及比热容15名称熔点名称熔点W/mKJkgKW/mKJkgK灰铸铁120046.492.8544.3铝658203904.3铸钢1425489.9铅32734.8129.5低碳钢1400150046.4502.4锡23262.6234.5黄铜95092.8393.6锌419110393.6青铜99563.8385.2镍145259.2452.2材料 工程用铜黄铜青铜铸铝合金铝合金 碳钢铬钢3Cr131Cr18/Ni9Ti铸铁 镍铬合金砖水泥、混凝土胶木、硬橡皮20201016.617.117.817.618.4424.522.024.010.612.211.210.216.68.711.114.59.51014材料线膨胀系数温度范围()2020020300204002060017.117.217.618.18.118.618.820.917.918.223.424.811.31324.025.912.113.512.913.913.514.311.812.41313.611.111.611.912.31717.217.517.98.511.610.112.111.512.712.913.2207002090070100014.71512.818.619.317.6玻璃 有机玻璃6477411.5130密度密度密度材 料名 称cm3g( t材 料 名 称m3)cm3g( tm3)材 料名 称cm3g( tm3)常用材料的密度碳钢7.87.85铅11.37无填料的电木1.2合金钢7.9锡7.29赛璐珞1.4球墨铸铁7.3镁合金1.74酚醛层压板1.31.45灰铸铁7.0硅钢片7.557.8尼龙 61.41.14紫铜8.9锡基轴承合金7.347.75尼龙 661.141.15黄铜8.48.85铅基轴承合金9.3310.67尼龙 10101.041.06锡青铜8.78.9胶木板、纤维板1.31.4纵纤维木材0.70.9无锡青铜7.58.2玻璃2.42.6横纤维木材0.70.9碾压磷青铜8.8有机玻璃1.181.19石灰石、花岗石2.42.6冷拉青铜8.8矿物油0.92砌砖1.92.3工业用铝2.7橡胶石棉板1.52.0混凝土1.82.45常用材料的弹性模量及泊松比弹性模量 E切变模量 G弹性模量 E切变模量 G名称GPaGPa泊松比名称GPa泊松比GPa灰、白口铸铁115160450.230.27铸铝青铜105420.25球墨铸铁151160610.250.29硬铝合金7127碳钢200220810.240.28冷拔黄铜919935370.310.42合金铜210810.25-0.3轧制纯铜110400.310.34铸钢17570840.250.29轧制锌84320.27轧制磷青铜115420.320.35轧制铝6926370.320.36轧制锰黄铜110400.35铅1770.42常用法定计量单位及换算关系法定计量单位量的名称名称转每分符号r/min非法定计量单位名称换算关系符号旋转速度长度米m面积平方米m2体积容积立方米升质量m3 L(1)(1=10-3m3)千克公斤Kg吨t力重力牛顿N压力压强帕斯卡pa埃英寸公亩公顷立方英尺英加仑 美加仑 磅长吨英吨 达因千克力，公斤力吨力巴标准大气压毫米汞柱千克力每平方厘米工程大气压 千克力每平方毫米泊斯托克斯千克力米尔格in a ha ft3Ukgal USgal ebton dyn kgf tf bar atmmmHgkgf/cm2(at)1r/min=(1/60)r/s 1=0.1nm=10-10m1in=0.0254m=25.4mm1a=102m21 ha=104m2 1ft3=0.0283168m3=28.3168dm31Ukgal=4.54609cm3 1Usgal=3.78541dm3 1eb=0.45359237cm31ton=1016.05kg 1dyn=10-5N 1kgf=9.80665N1tf=9.80665103N1bar=0.1Mpa=105pa(1pa=1N/m2) 1atm=101325pa 1mmHg=133.3224pa1kgf/cm2=9.80665104 pa应力动力粘度运动粘度能,功热量帕斯卡秒二次方米每秒MPas m2/s焦耳JKgf/mm2 PStkgfm erg1kgf/mm2=9.80665106pa 1P=0。1Pas 1St=1cm2/s=10-4m2/s 1kgfm=9.80665J1erg=10-7J法定计量单位非法定计量单位量的名称换算关系名称符号名称符号卡cal1cal=4.1868J热化学卡calth1calth=4.1840J功率瓦特W米制马力1米制马力=735.499W焦耳每千千卡每千克开比热容J/kgKkcal/(kgk)1kcal/(kgk)=4.1868103J/(KgK)克开尔文尔文传热系数瓦特每平方米开尔W/(m2K)卡每平方厘米秒开cal/(cm2sK)1cal/(cm2sK)=4.1868104W/(m2K)文尔文热导率导热系瓦特每米W/(m2K)卡每厘米秒开尔cal/cmsk1cal/(cmsk)=4.1868102W/mK数开尔文文牌等机械性能屈服点S(MPa)屈服点(MPa)钢材厚度直径mm161640406060100100150150抗拉强度 b MPaS钢材厚度直径mm161640406060100100150150号级A B A B C D A B195185不小于不小于Q1953153903332Q215215205195185175165335460313029282726Q235235225215205195185375460262524232221Q255Q275碳素构造钢GB70088255245235225215205410510242322212019275265255245235225490610201918171615冲击试验脱V 型冲温氧击功纵度方向法不小于F、b、2027ZF、b、20Z0Z20TZ2027Z优质碳素构造钢GB69988牌试机械性 能推举热处理件抗拉毛强度坯 b屈服延长收缩强度率 5率 s冲击功值A (a )钢材交货状态硬度 HB应用举例kk正淬回尺 kgf m 不大于寸号火火火mmMPa%不小于J cm2 未热退火处理钢08930252951753560131F109302533520531551371592025375225275514320910254102452555156259008706002545027523507191703587085060025530315204555(7)1974086084060025570335194547(6)2171874585084060025600355164039(5)2291975083083060025630375144031(4)24120755820820600256453801335255217用于需塑性好的零件，如管子、垫片垫圈；心部强度 要求不高的渗碳和氰化零件，如套筒、短轴、挡块，支架、靠模，离合器盘用于制造拉杆、卡头、钢管垫片、垫圈、铆钉。这种钢无回火脆性，焊接性好，用来制造焊接零件。用于受力不大韧性要求较高的零件， 渗碳零件、紧固件、冲模锻件及不需要热处理的低负荷零件，如螺栓、螺钉、拉条、法兰盘及化工贮器、蒸汽锅炉。用于不经受很大应力而要求很大韧 性的机械零件，如杠杆、轴套、螺钉、起重钩等。也用于制造压力6Mpa、温度30606020039037025024018121412130180QT400-15A3060602003903702502401512130180QT500-7A306060200450420300290751702403060600360360200550340130607004002602006503801注：牌号无后面字母A，表示牌号系由单铸试块测定的机械性能。牌号后面具有字母A，表示牌号系由附铸试块测定 的机械性能，这些牌号适用于质量大于2023kg 及壁厚在 30200mm 的球软件。牌号铸件壁厚mm最小抗拉强度大于至硬度 HB应用举例bMPaHT100盖、外罩、油盘、手轮、手把、支架等HT150端盖、汽轮泵体、轴承座、阀壳、管子及管路附件、手灰铸铁GB 9439882.51013011016610201009314020309087131305080821222.5101751372051020145119179203013011016630501201411572.5102201572361020195148222203017013420030501601281924.010270175262102024016424620302201572363050200150225102029018227220302501682513050230161241102034019929920302901822723050260171257轮、一般机床底座、床身其他简洁零件，滑座、工作台等。HT200气缸、齿轮、底架、机体、飞轮、齿条、衬筒、一般机庆铸有导轨的庆身及中等压力Mpa 以下油缸、液压泵和阀的南壳体等。HT250阀壳、油缸、气缸、联轴器、机体、齿轮、齿轮臬处壳、飞轮、衬筒、凸轮、轴承座等HT300齿轮、凸轮、车床卡盘、剪床、压力机的机身、导板、六角自动车床及其他重负荷机床铸有导轨的床身、高压油缸、液压泵和滑阀的壳体等。HT350注：灰铸铁的硬度，系由阅历关系式计算，即，当196Mpa 时，HB=RH(100+0.438b)。RH 一般取 o.801.20b冷轧钢板和钢带GB708-88厚 度0.2,0.25,0.3,0.4,0.45,0.55,0.6,0.65,0.70,0.75,0.80,0.90,1.001.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8, ,2.0,2.1,2.2,2.5,2.8,3.0,3.5,3.8,3.9,4.0,4.5,5.5,6.7,8.9热轧钢板GB709-880.35,050,0.55,0.60,0.65,0.70,0.75,0.80,0.90厚度1.0,1.21.6(0.1 进位),1.8,2.0,2.2,2.5,2.8,3.0,3.2,3.5,3.8,3.9,4.0,4.5,5,6,7.8,9,1022(1 进位)，25,2642(2 进位)，45，48，50，52，55955 进位100,105,110,120,125,130160(10 进位),165,170,180200(5 进位)注：钢板宽度系列为 600,650,700,710,750100050 进位，1250,1400，1420，15003000100 进位，3200380200 进位。热轧圆钢和方钢尺寸GB702-86圆方5.566.578910*1112131415161718192021钢钢22*23242526*27*28*2930*3132*3334*3536384042直边45485053*55*56*586063*65*68707580859095100径长105110115120125130140150160170180190200220250注：1.本标准适用于直径为 5.5250mm 的热轧圆钢和边长为 5.5200mm 的热轧方钢。2. 各种直径优质钢的长度为 26m;一般钢的长度当直径或边长小于 25mm 时为 410m.3. 表中带*者不推举使用。热轧等边角钢GB979788角 钢尺 寸截面面积cm2参考数值重心距离角钢尺 寸mmbdrxxZbdr0号数截面面积Cm2参考数值x-x重心距离号 数JxixcmJxixZ0Cm4CmCm4CmCm31.1320.400.590.6045.57026.392.181.8643.51.4590.500.580.64770586.87532.312.161.9131.4320.820.760.7668.16037.772.151.5641.8591.030.740.7679.42443.092.141.9931.7491.460.910.8557.36736.972.332.0442.2761.840.900.8968.76746.952.312.0734.52.1092.581.111.00(7.5)757910.16053.572.302.113.63642.7563.291.091.04811.50359.962.282.1553.3823.591.081.071014.12671.982.262.2232.3593.591.231.1357.19248.792.482.1544043.0864.601.221.1769.39757.352.472.1953.7915.531.211.228807910.86065.582.462.2345352.6595.171.401.22812.30373.492.442.2743.4866.651.381.261015.12688.432.422.3554.2928.041.371.30610.63782.772.792.4465.0769.331.361.33712.30194.832.782.4832.9717.181.551.3499081013.944106.472.762.5245505.53.8979.261.541.381017.167128.582.742.5954.80311.21.1531.421220.36149.222.712.6765.68813.051.521.46611.932114.953.102.6733.34310.191.751.48713.796131.863.092.7144.39013.181.731.53815.638148.243.082.765.656565.41516.021.721.5710100101219.261179.513.052.8468.36723.631.681.681222.800208.903.032.9144.97819.031.961.701426.256236.533.002.9956.14323.171.941.741629.627262.532.983.066.363677.28827.121.931.7885.51534.461.901.851011.65741.091.881.932202.5253304.5注：1. 角钢长度为：角钢号 29，长度量 1014，长度 419m。2 r1= 1 d 3热轧槽钢GB707-88W ,W 截面系数xy标记例如：热轧槽钢 180 70 9 - GB707 - 88Q235 - A - GB700 - 88碳素构造钢 Q235-A，尺寸为 180709mm重心距离型号尺寸截面面积 cm2参考数值Z0cmhbdtrr1x-xWxy-yWy880435.08.08.04.010.2425.35.791.4.310100485.38.58.54.212.7439.77.801.5212.61265.59.09.09.04.515.6962.110.21.5914a140586.09.59.54.818.5180.513.01.7114b140608.09.59.54.821.3187.114.11.6716a160636.510.010.05.021.9510816.31.8016160658.510.010.05.025.1511717.61.7518a180687.010.510.55.225.6914120.01.8818180709.010.510.55.226.2915221.51.8420a200737.011.011.05.528.8317824.22.0120200759.011.011.05.532.8319125.91.9522a220777.011.511.55.831.8421828.22.1022220799.011.511.55.836.2423430.12.0325a250787.012.012.06.034.9127030.62.725b250809.012.012.06.039.9128232.71.9825b2508211.012.012.06.044.9129535.91.9228a280827.512.512.56.240.0234035.72.1028b280849.512.512.56.245.6236637.92.0228c2808611.512.512.56.251.2239340.31.9532a320888.014.014.07.048.747546.52.2432b3209010.014.014.07.055.150949.22.1632c3209212.014.014.07.061.554352.62.09Cm3Cm3注：槽钢长度：槽钢号 8，长度 512m; 槽钢号 1018，长度 519m；槽钢号 2032，长度 619m。热轧工字钢GB706-88W ,W 截面系数xy标记例如： 热轧工字钢400 144 125 - GB706 - 88Q235 - A - GB700 - 88型号尺寸参考数值截面面积 cm2碳素构造钢 Q235-A，尺寸为 14412.588mmx-xhbdtrrWy-yW1xyCm3Cm310100684.57.66.53.314.3549.09.712.6126745.08.47.03.518.1277.512.714140805.59.17.53.821.5210216.116160886.09.98.04.026.1314121.218180946.510.78.54.330.1618526.020a2001007.011.49.04.535.7623731.520b2001029.011.49.04.539.5825033.122a2201107.512.39.54.842.1330940.922b2201129.512.39.54.846.5332542.725a2501168.013.010.05.048.5440248.325b25011810.013.010.05.053
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