考研考博-英语-云南商务职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南商务职业学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic 1by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert_2 an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising 3_in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is4in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organizations director general,5 the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the 6 of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_7 in late April 2009,when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to 9 in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was 11 flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested are the new swine flu,also known as（A）H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has_13 more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_14_Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15 orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is 16 ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of those 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not 18 for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other 19.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group:health care workers,people20_infants and healthy young people.8选？A.overB.forC.amongD.to答案：C 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults.本句含义为“墨西哥当局注意到因该流行病住院，死亡的健康成年人异常之多”。故本题答案为C项among。among healthy adults“在健康的成年人中（住院和死亡的人数异常多）”。【命题思路】本题考查考生对介词使用的掌握。【干扰排除】A项over作介词时，含义是“在上面，超过的，跨过（覆盖过）”。B项for的含义是“为了，代表，以为交换”。D项to的含义是“向，到，趋向，变成”。都不符合上下文语义。2.Poets,songwriters and politicians hate the idea,but for decades opinion-poll evidence has been clear:money buys happiness and the richer you are,the more likely you are to express satisfaction with your life.Until now,a survey of43 countries 1 on October 30th by the Pew Research Centre of Washington,DC,shows that people in 2 markeis are expressing almost the same level of satisfaction as people in rich countries.It is the biggest 3 to the standard view of happiness and income seen 4.The Pew poll asks respondents to 5,on a scale from zero to ten,how good their lives are.（Those who say between seven and ten are counted as 6.）In 2007,57%of respondents in rich countries put themselves in the top four tiers;in emerging markets the 7 was 33%;in poor countries only 16%-a classic 8 0f the standard view.But in 2014,540/o of rich-country respondents counted themselves as happy,whereas in emerging markets the percentage 9 t0 51%.This was happening just at a time when emerging marketschances of converging economically 10 the West seemed to be 11.Rich countries did not experience 12 declines in happiness.The decreases in America and Britain were tiny（a single percentage point）,13 the share of h8ppy Gennans rose 13 points.A large drop in formerly joyful Spain ensured a modest overaU decline for the rich.14 the convcrgence happened 15 huge improvements in countries such as Indonesia and Pakistan.In 12 of the 24 emerging markets,half or more people 16 their life satisfaction in the top tiers of the ladder.This is not t0 17 the link between income and satrsfaction has been snapped.Poor countries still 18:only a quarter of the people there are in the happy tiers-half the level of the othertwo groups.There is 19 a clear link between happiness and income growth.Chinas GDP rose at an annual average rate of 10%in 2007-2014 and its happiness level rose 26 points.20 countries,richer people express more satisfaction than their poorer neighbours.7选？A.ratioB.shareC.digitD.level答案：B 本题解析：名词辨析题。Aratio比率；Bshare份额；Cdigit数字；Dlevel水平。选项【A强调两者之间的比率，而非单个数据；C强调“数字，数位”；D则与数字无关。四个选项中，只有B强调“份额，比重”，符合句意，故本题选择B。3.Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks”long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fine,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California,most of them in 2016 alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by 2030-financed from the proceeds of the states emissions-permit auctions.Thats only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally theyve focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.Californias plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.By saying“one of the harder challenges,”the author implies that_.（）A.global climate change may get out of controlB.people may misunderstand global warmingC.extreme weather conditions may ariseD.forests may become a potential threat答案：D 本题解析：根据题干By saying“one of the harder challenges,”the author implies that_.定位到原文第一段第一句，但是我们发现第一段只提到了one of the harder challenges，而没有给出harder challenges指什么，也就是没有给出本题的答案，因此我们需要看第一句后面的句子。第一句是中心句，后面的句子是对第一句进行阐述，根据后面的句子的阐述，我们可知尽管我们人类依靠森林来吸收大量的二氧化碳，但是我们造成的气候变化将会使我们的森林最终会释放的碳比吸收的碳还要多。也就是D选项所说的森林可能会成为潜在的威胁。因此答案为D选项。4.Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we cant immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MITs Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.Its time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”Thats not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”According to the last paragraph,Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_A.the predictability of machine behavior in practiceB.the formula for how work is conducted efficientlyC.the ways machines replace human labor in modern timesD.the necessity of human involvement in the workplace答案：B 本题解析：这是一道推理题，重点考查的是代词指代以及段落中心的归纳。【直击答案】根据题干可以定位到最后一段，其中touched on this point即为Brynjolfsson和McAfee的观点。而this point则回指第五段的内容，起到承上启下的作用。第五段指出需要调整现在的工作模式，需要人们发挥主动性和创造性。第六段最后一句再次强调问题的核心是人类要革新工作方式。因此正确答案为选项D，强调人类的参与。【干扰排除】选项A偷换概念，第五段第四句指出机器只能完成“预先设定的（predictable）工作（activities）”，而非“机器行为”的可预测性。选项B中的“efficiently”在文中并未提及。选项C与原文信息相反，第六段第三句话指出，我们需要看到机器提高人力而非取代人力（rather than replace it）的方面。5.Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this springthe most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was bom after 1995,give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market thats tighter than its been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.Ifentitledis the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials（those bom between 1981 and 1995）,the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and expert who study them,Generation Zs are clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years,Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They aren,t interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5 trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment（followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose）.Job security or stability was the second most important career goal（work-life balance was number one）,followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.The wordassuage（line 9,para 2）is closet in meaning to_.A.defineB.relieveC.maintainD.deepen答案：D 本题解析：根据题干，可以定位到第九段第二句话：“The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt”,所以解题的关键是判断”The booming economy（繁荣的经济）”和”generational sense of anxious urgency（代际焦虑）”的关系；根据常识判断，繁荣的经济可以降低求职者的焦虑；再结合上一道题我们知道，Gen Zs是务实和谨慎（practical and cautious）的一代；由此可以得出繁荣的经济并未降低求职者的焦虑，原文已有并未（have done little）,选项B中的relieve（减轻）与我们的判断一致，因此答案为C。而其它的选项A define（定义），B maintain（保持），deepen（加深）和我们的判断都不一致。6.The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nations cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drives license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.14选？A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience答案：C 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14.”根据本句信息，Schmidt先生将其描述为“自愿生态系统”，在这个系统中个人或组织都可在网上进行交易。再联系下文信息trusting the identities of each other，意为“相信彼此的身份”，可推断出这个系统使值得信任的，个人或组织对其都是充满信心的。故本题答案为C项confidence“信心”。【命题思路】考查的是介词和名词搭配。【干扰排除】with与其他名词搭配的意思在此处不合适。with caution“小心谨慎地”，with delight“开心地”，with patience“耐心地”。7.Text 1 Last year nearly one miUion Americans filed for bankruptcy.That is far fewer than the number who used to seek bankruptcy protection before the law was made tougher a decade ago.This reform may have done more harm than good.The aim of bankniptcy law is to give people relief from unpay-able debts.Some two-thirds of individual bankruptcies are due to a lost job.Many bankrupts need time to get back on their feet.In the mid-2000s Chapter 7 rules made it easy to wash away debts.That initated credit-card finns,which claimed that spendthrifts abused the system;so in 2005 the law was toughened.The idea was to shift people to a Chapter 13 bankruptcy,where they would have to repay some of the debt.The reform had a big impact.At least at first,Chapter 13 filings rose relative to Chapter 7 ones.And a new paper,from Stefania Albanesi,of the New York Federal Reserve,and Jaromir Nosal,of Columbia University,finds that the reform led to a permanent drop in the bankruptcy rate.However,other recent research suggests that this is not necessarily a good thing.Will Dobbie,of Princeton University,and Jae Song,of the SociaJ Securiiy AdminisLration,look at Chapter 13 bankrupLcies before the reforms of 2005.They link half a million bankruptcy filings to tax records and use a novel technique to analyse them.Because some bankruptcy judges are more merciful than others,people in similar straits may end up wiLh different bankruptcy decisions.This quirk allows some useful comparisons.Messrs Dobbie and Song argue that easier bankruptcy laws have good microeconomic effects.lf a creditor may no longer claim large chunks of a bankrupts salary,that may increase his incentive to work-and decrease his need to slip out of town,change his job and close down his bank account.On average,those granted bankrupLcy eamed over 6,000 more in the subsequent year than similarly-placed plaintiffs who were rejected.The unlucky ones found it trickier to service their mortgages.Michelle White of the University of California,San Diego and colleagues found that bankruptcy reform caused the default rate on prime mortgages to rise 23%.Making consumer-bankruptcy law more debtor-friendly could hit Americans in other ways.If lenders are exposed to bigger losses,some argue,interest rates for such things as creditcards are bound to rise.But that danger can be overstated.Credit-card comparues may be reluctant to charge rates higher than their competitorslest they attract more customers-those not put off by high rates because they know that,with luck,they wont have to pay their debts back.Credit-card firms were angry because_A.legislators abused their authorityB.debtors controlled the law systemC.laws made it easy to pay off debtsD.some regulations did harm to them答案：D 本题解析：细节题。题干中Credit-card firms来自第一段倒数第三行；angry“愤怒”=irritated“激怒”；故本题答案句为：In the mid-2000s Chapter 7 rules made it easy to wash away debts.That irritaied crediL-card firms.其中thaL-词指代上一句的内容，即信用卡公司愤怒的原因。该句大意为“在2l世纪中期，第7章规定有利于摆脱债务，这激怒了信用卡公司。”与该句同义替换的选项为Dsome regulaiions did harmto them“一些规定对他们不利”。选项Alegislators abused their authority“立法者滥用职权”；该项与which claimed thaL spendthrifts abused the system一句相关；但该句并非答案句，且legislator“立法者”与原文spendthrifts“挥霍者”无关，故该项可以排除。选项Bdebtors controlled Lhe law sysLem“债务人控制了法律体系”；该项同样对应which claimed that spendthrifts abused the system-句，也非正确答案。选项Claws made il easy to pay off debts”法律使得偿还债务变简单了”；该项对应rules made it easy to wash away debts一句；其中pay off debts“偿还债务”与wash away debts“洗掉摆脱债务”不等，属于偷换概念，故排除。综上，本题答案为D。8.Text 3 The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishingAmazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesnt have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its usersfriendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the