新视野大学英语视听说教程4unit17 leadin答案

新视野大学英语视听说教程4unit17 leadin答案UNIT 1 1.Mention at least three reasons people get angry. What can we do to control our anger? People get angry for a variety of reasons,People tend to get angry when treated unfairly. Specifically, when we realize we were betrayed by a close friend or tricked by a clerk into buying something unnecessary at a high price. Of course ,when people treat us with contempt, or deliberately ignore us, we may get annoyed too. To overcome our anger ,we have two options: to fight or to run. In the case of a small offense, its better to walk away and calm down. It is not necessary to explode .However ,when confronted with a gross injustice or a serious crime ,we need to stand up for ourselves and speak our mind .After venting our anger ,we may feel better .If we keep negative feelings to ourselves ,we will probably feel miserable for a long time and regret not taking action. 2. Why do people get depressed? Is there any connection between depression and bad luck? Can depression be overcome? People feel blue for a variety of reasons. They feel depressed after failing an exam or losing a job. They feel grief when someone dear to them, for example a close family member, passes away ,or Suffering from a serious disease with little hope of a complete recovery, one may feel dejected.(沮丧的)There seems to be a relationship between depression and bad luck. If your spirits are down and you show it, people might refrain(避免) from talking to you. Many good opportunities may slip away as a result. And you might be left wondering why your luck doesnt change.To cheer yourself up, you can study or work. Your mood might improve if you keep yourself busy and try to achieve goals. And if staying busy doesnt help, you can just wait for the sadness to go away. It is said that time heals all wounds. Finally, you might find solace安慰 in realizing. Your situation is not the worst. You can also choose to look at the bright side of things because every cloud has a silver lining. 3. What makes you happy? Are you happy when others are happy? People feel happy for a variety of reasons ,for me,since Im so easy to be happy,when I pass the exam or when I was noticed to have a vacation I will be happy,and just like now, Im feeling especially happy,because the winter holiday is on the corner.and I can go back home ,stay with my families. Human happiness is not limited to ones good fortune or success. If you help someone in need, youll probably feel wonderful. This accounts for the success of Project Hope, through which people volunteer time and donate money to help people in need. 4. Is there a relationship between reason and emotion? Which plays a bigger role in our lives? Both reason and emotion are important in our lives. Although they are obviously different from each other, they complement补助 each other just the same. Think about it, it is difficult to isolate reason from emotion and vice versa.(反之亦然)When one is arguing, one is combining logic with feelings. When a speaker is advocating (主张)a principle, the feeling he puts into his voice reinforces his argument. When scientists conduct researches, they may choose an area that is interesting to them. Darwin studied science because he had been fascinated by plants and animals since his childhood. However, in some areas either reason or emotion may play a bigger role. Science students may need more logic than emotion to conduct experiments, while art students tend to rely more on their emotion for creativity.And Within a family, people usually cherish the emotional ties between family members. Emotion could be more important than reason when falling in love or trusting a member of ones family, whereas reason plays an important role when deciding how to educate a child. Together or separate, reason and emotion play critically important roles in our lives. UNIT 2 1. In what ways can people improve their appearance? Some people just want to improve their looks in small ways. They may go on a diet to maintain a good figure, they make up to improve their appearance, put a facial mask or skin smoother on their faces during the night, have their teeth straightened, or have their nails polished. Some others have a face-lift to change their nose or chin, make their single-fold eyelids double folded, and have their skin tightened to smooth out wrinkles and crows feet. Some even inject botox(瘦脸针) to remove wrinkles. More drastically, some people may have liposuction to remove fat.But,in my opinion the best way to improve appearance is trying to learn to be more elegant and to be more Knowledgeable. 2. Why do some people want to improve their appearance? A love of beauty is part of human nature. People like to see beautiful scenery, flowers, and animals. It is not strange that they also want to look at good-looking humans and improve the way they look themselves. With improved features, one may find a better job, attract a more desirable spouse, and gain faster promotion.Some occupations attach great importance to appearance. Most actors, anchorpersons, and fashion models can be recognized by their looks.It is sometimes argued that by looking good, one tends to feel self-confident. With confidence, success is more likely to follow in any undertaking. 3. What disadvantages are there in plastic surgery? We should not attempt to change our physical appearance by cosmetic means. Such changes may bring unexpected disasters in the future. Some beautifying methods, if not properly applied, have dangerous side effects. People who receive botox injections to remove wrinkles may eventually ruin their skin. Some surgical operations that are intended to make single-fold eyelids double fold actually make them multi-folded-not what the patient had in mind. 4. How can one strike a balance between low costs and high fashion in clothes? People who dont have much money can also make themselves look fashionable. There are many ways to buy fashionable clothes without spending much money. For example, people can buy clothes that are on sale or sold in discount stores. Its smart to buy winter clothes at the end of the winter. Clothes are cheaper at the end of a season and can be stored until the next season. Some people are good tailors, and they can alter their clothes to make them fashionable. They may even create original styles. UNIT 3 1.Briefly describe some natural. Search the Internet for information before coming to class. There are many kinds of natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, drought, forest fire, tsunami, snowstorm, blizzard, hailstorm, hurricane, typhoon, tornado, landslide, and volcanic eruption. An earthquake is a sudden change or movement in the Earths crust, causing a moving and shaking of the ground. A flood can be caused by excessive rainfall or quick melting of snow. When the water overflows a rivers banks, the nearby low-lying land is flooded. When there is no rain for a long period of time, there is a drought: crops fail and people may die of thirst. A forest fire may be caused by lightning or human negligence for example, a burning cigarette butt-or arson. It may destroy large forests. A tsunami is a giant wave that rolls onto the shore. It can be caused by an undersea earthquake, volcanic eruption or landslide. A snowstorm becomes a blizzard when the wind blows hand and visibility decreases. 2. What damage could an earthquake cause and what can human beings do to deal with it? An earthquake damages poorly-built structures. A powerful earthquake can destroy even well-constructed buildings. When the buildings fall down, human lives and property are ruined. Aftershocks may cause additional casualties. A heavy death toll, if not dealt with promptly, may be followed by an epidemic. It is difficult to predict earthquake, so we can only take preventive measures. For example, in an area prone to earthquake, we should construct strong, quake-proof buildings. We should also prepare emergency kits that include a torch, first-aid medicines and bandages. We should move out of dangerous quake zones. When an earthquake strikes while we are in a building, we should move outside. If there is no time to leave , we can hide under a strong table or bad to avoid being hurt by failing objects. Dont forget to turn off the electricity and gas to avoid accidents. 3. What damage can a flood bring about and what can we do to deal with it? A flood can inundate a vast area, destroying crops and buildings. If people do not escape in good time, they are drowned. Following the flood, there is crop failure, which may lead to widespread famine. If many people die in the flooding, their bodies, if not treated quickly, way give rise to an epidemic. Thanks to technological progress, we can now deal with floods more successfully. We can build dykes to prevent rivers from overflowing their banks. We can build dams and reservoirs to regulate the water level to prevent a flood or a drought. When there is too much silt in the river, we can dredge it. Deforestation can be prohibited in the upper-stream areas. Trees and grass help to keep soil in place and decrease silt in the river. When flooding threatens, the population of low lying (低洼)areas will be evacuated according to plan. 4. Can we overcome natural disasters? Natural disasters are often so powerful that they cause widespread destruction. In the face of the raging elements, man may seem helpless. However, there is a lot human being can do to reduce the dangers. For example, although the force of an earthquake is intimidating, we can construct quake-proof buildings, and avoid dangerous quake zones. To prevent flooding, we have build dykes, dams and reservoirs, and many potential floods have been prevented. The dams and reservoirs can also be used to fight a drought by allowing the irrigation of dry fields. As a last resort, we can choose to evacuate a disaster-prone area. In fact, human beings have achieved remarkable success in overcoming natural disasters. UNIT4 1.In an enterprise or institution，is it necessary to describe each employees duties clearly ？Give your reasons. Generally speaking,it is necessary .employees job should be clearly defined .with a detailed job description ,a worker will have a definite aim and high motivation to work toward that aim.They know how they will be rewarded and punished.Accurate job descriptions can do much to prevent unnecessary duplication and conflict among workers.if everyone in a company works as an organized team,the company is likely to grow and prosper. However，some potential problems are worth noting.if a job description is too detailed ,some staff members will turn a blind eye to anything that falls outside their scope of responsibilities even if it is important to the company as a whole . Nor should job descriptions stand in the way of cooperation among employees.if those problems can be overcome，job descriptions will play a significant role in the companys progress. 2.When a boss employees or promotes people ,what they may be the chief consideration：their education or their education or their practical ability? In fact ,most bosses will consider both ,though they may probably attach more importance to the candidates ability. After all，a companys profits come directly from the abilities of the entire staff. Many of the qualities of a good worker such as diligence,teamwork,loyalty to the company,and courtesy to customers are gained through on-the-job training rather than from book knowledge. However ,ones educational background is not unimportant .if one can enroll in a distinguished university and attain a high GPA,it is likely that one already possesses good qualities like industriousness,intelligence ,organizational ability ,and a strong will - qualities that are equally useful in the workplace .but its also possible that some students from the academic ivory tower are merely bookworms without much capacity for practical work .a boss is unlikely to promote such an employee. 3.Some bosses employ and promote only relatives or those who come from their hometown. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this hiring practice. Hiring people he is familiar with does offer the boss advantages .those people are usually willing to work hard and are loyal to the boss ,who often entrusts them with such important responsibilities as being a financial mangers or human resources manger. However,the disadvantages inherent in a family business outweigh the advantages.to begin with it is not always easy to find a relative who can take up a highly technical position such as software development engineer or an in-house lawyer.perhaps none of the bosss relatives is even a competent electrician .then ,too,there are problems if the bosss sister-in-law is chief financial officer .a top-notch accounting graduate will quickly realize her chances of promotion are slim and will work for anther company .worse still ,if relatives turn against the boss,they may be able to deal him a deadly blow since they often know many company secrets . 4.Should managers be strict with or kind to their employees？ Generally speaking ,mangers should be strict with their employees ; otherwise they may find it difficult to keep good discipline in the workplace . For example ,some employees may come in late and leave early .they may call in sick without good reason ,even when they are in the office ,they may idle the day away chatting with each other. However ,a manager should show concern for this or her subordinates when they do have difficulties like an acute illness or other unexpected problems. If employees feel sincerely appreciated they tend to work harder. UNIT 5 1. What kinds of employees are likely to be fired? If employees do not observe company or department rules, they are likely to be fired. Any boss will be angry if employees are late for work or use the company phone to talk with friends. A boss dislikes people who dont work hard, gossip a lot or read the newspaper over a cup of tea for hours. Even if one works hard, the boss may not be satisfied if one doesnt work with high efficiency. After all, company profits come from employee achievements. Even though youve made significant personal contributions to the company, if you dont get along well with your colleagues, you may impede the companys productivity. After all, most jobs require teamwork nowadays. Usually the boss places a high value on employee loyalty. Disloyal employees may sell the companys secrets and ruin it overnight. When the company is in financial difficulty and downsizing, the first to be dismissed will be those who have some of the above-mentioned problems. 2. What kinds of people are better prepared for a layoff？ In contemporary society job changes are inevitable. Few people will stay in the same company all their lives. So , from time people should look for signs that layoffs are coming. For example, fewer customer orders, layoffs in similar companies, and an economic recession are warnings. In addition to noticing bad omens like the above, people should study the kinds of skills or technologies that are in great demand. If one industry is on the decline, they should equip themselves with knowledge and skills in other industries. When adequately prepared, they will not panic if they receive a dismissal notice. They can go to a different job or even a different career without too much difficulty. 3. After finishing undergraduate studies, would you like to find a job or pursue a postgraduate degree? Why ? Some students prefer to look for a favorable job, through which they can gain useful experience that they cant get from books. When they move on to a higher level job one day, then , they will already have experience in that field. At work, they can give full play to their practical abilities, and may be promoted to department manager by the time their classmates complete their Masters degree programs. On the other hand, some students are not eager to take up a job and prefer to continue to study towards a Masters degree or even a PhD. And we all know, knowledge is power. Although not everything you learn will be directly applicable at work, knowledge does improve your character overall. In the long run, those who acquire more knowledge will benefit from it. 4. If a company doesnt perform well in a certain field, for example, software development, should it outsource or train its own employees to do it? Some companies prefer to outsource the production they are not good at. Against the background of globalization, the division of work is accelerating. Often you can find a more specialized or more professional company that can do the same work with better quality at a lower rate. But outsourcing inevitably brings about problems. It is not always easy to lay off the employees, especially if they have served the company for a long time. They may ask for dismissal benefits that are too high for the organization to bear. So, perhaps the company can provide their workers with training to improve their production skills. If the workers feel grateful, they will work harder for the companys prosperity. UNIT 6 1. Describe some superstitions in English-speaking countries. English-speaking nations have a number of superstitions. For example, many people believe 13 to be an unlucky number, and dont want to live on the 13th floor on in Room 13. They say knock on wood or touch wood to avoid bad luck. To wish somebody good luck, they may say Ill cross my fingers for you. Superstitious people avoid walking under a ladder or opening an umbrella in doors. When they see a black cat run across their path, they think its a bad omen. Some people may hang a horseshoe over their door to ward off bad luck. If they happen to drop a mirror, they worry that they will have seven years bad luck. To ensure good luck, they may carry a charm of some kind, such as a lucky rabbits foot! 2. What is the relationship between ones attitude to life and ones fate? Does the former determine the latter or is it the other way round? Since the world is complex and mysterious, it is not easy to arrive at a definite conclusion. Some scholars, including a British psychologist, suggest that there exists a correlation between ones attitude to life and ones fate. But more research is needed before we can be sure of such a correlation. Moreover, the cause-and-effect relationship has not been clearly identified, and we are uncertain which causes which. In real life we can find counter examples: some optimistic people arent very lucky, while some pessimistic people are quite lucky. Perhaps we should try to find out which case is more frequent: optimistic people with good luck or optimistic people with bad luck. Judging from my personal observations, the former is more common. I can even supply the reason: optimistic people have more self-confidence, which facilitates their success in life. A survey involving many people is required to discover what most people think about this issue. 3. Do you believe there are extraterrestrial beings in outer space? Its difficult to come to a definite conclusion on this issue. On the one hand, many people claim to have seen a UFO, and some even assert that they were abducted by aliens in their spaceships. Theoretically, its difficult to prove that in the vast universe people on Earth are of the most advanced civilization and have the most advanced technology. If we cant see ETs, it may be because they are far more advanced than we are. Similarly, if primitive people cant detect radio waves, it doesnt mean more advanced civilizations dont exist. On the other hand, human beings have not collected solid evidence to prove the existence of ETs. Al