倒装结构考点归纳

(主语和助动词倒置主语和助动词倒置)(主语和谓语完全倒置主语和谓语完全倒置)意义的意义的 也就是为了强调句子的某一内容，并使上下文衔接紧也就是为了强调句子的某一内容，并使上下文衔接紧密；或为了保持句子平衡。常见有下列情况密；或为了保持句子平衡。常见有下列情况:Here comes the train to Beijing.去北京的火车来了。去北京的火车来了。There goes the bell.铃响了。铃响了。Down came the rain.下雨了。下雨了。但主语是人称代词时，主语仍置于动词之前。如但主语是人称代词时，主语仍置于动词之前。如:Away he comes.他来了。他来了。Here it comes.它来了。它来了。2 2、为了强调句中的状语或表语，为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接、为了强调句中的状语或表语，为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如:At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.(The headmaster sat at the front of the hall.)校长坐在大厅的前部。校长坐在大厅的前部。In this paragraph can be found an answer.(An answer can be found in this paragraph.)在这段里能找到答案。在这段里能找到答案。3 3、为了强调、为了强调onlyonly及其所修饰的状语及其所修饰的状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从通常是副词、介词短语或从句句)，则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如，则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:Only then did we realize that the man was blind.直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.直到直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。4、将含有否定意义的副词、将含有否定意义的副词(never，seldom，not，little，hardly等等)置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。置于句首以示强调时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如如:Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。5、为了强调、为了强调“not a+名词名词”或或“not a single+名词名词”结构，结构，将其置于句首时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如将其置于句首时，句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:Not a word did he say at the last meeting.在上次会议上他一句话都没说。在上次会议上他一句话都没说。6、Hardlywhen，No soonerthan，Scarcelywhen,not onlybut also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。如谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。如:Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.我刚刚离开家就下雨了。我刚刚离开家就下雨了。Hardly/Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.但但 neither/notnor 引导两个分句时，这两个分句中引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。如的主谓均要倒装。如:Neither do I know her address，nor does he.我不知道她的地址，他也不知道我不知道她的地址，他也不知道.Not could the patient eat，nor could he drink.那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。7、在、在“so+形容词形容词that分句分句”结构中，如将结构中，如将“so+形容形容词词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。如前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。如:So moved was she that she could not say a word.(She was so moved that she could not say a word.)她激动得一句话也说不出来。她激动得一句话也说不出来。在在“so+副词副词that分句分句”结构中，如将结构中，如将“so+副词副词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的主谓作部分倒装。如置于句首以示强调时，其后的主谓作部分倒装。如:So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。人都听得见。So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光速如此之快，我们很难想象。光速如此之快，我们很难想象。由于语法结构的需要使用倒装的情况常见于下列句型由于语法结构的需要使用倒装的情况常见于下列句型:1、“So+助动词助动词+主语主语”是一种常用于对前面所说的情是一种常用于对前面所说的情况作简短回答的句型。如况作简短回答的句型。如:I was late and so was she.我迟到了，她也迟到了。我迟到了，她也迟到了。They love making lots of friends,so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。2、“Neither/Nor+助动词助动词+主语主语”是用于对前面所说是用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。如：的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。如：She wont go.Neither/Nor will I.她不走，我也不。她不走，我也不。I cannot swim.Neither can he(swim).我不会游泳，他我不会游泳，他也不会。也不会。3、当、当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或或should等等时，如将时，如将if省略，则要将省略，则要将had，were或或should等移到主语前，等移到主语前，作部分或完全倒装。作部分或完全倒装。Had you come yesterday，you would have seen him.(If you had come yesterday,you would have seen him.)若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。4、表示存在的句型、表示存在的句型“There be+主语主语”也属于倒装句之也属于倒装句之列。如列。如:There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room.1._ smoking,he would not have got cancer in the lung.A.Was he given up B.Had he given up C.Did he give up D.If he gave up2.So funny _that everyone burst into laughing.A.she looked B.was she looking C.did she look D.had she looked3.Not once in these years _ the prices of these products.A.we changed B.have we changed C.did we change D.we have changed 4.“Why cant I smoke?“At no time _ in the meeting-room.”A.does smoking is permitted B.is smoking permitted C.smoking is permitted D.permits smoking5.In such a hurry _ his office that he forgot to lock the door.A.did he leave B.he left C.he had left D.has he left6.Only after _ reached eighteen _ join the army.A.have you;you can B.have you;can you C.you have;you can D.you have;can you 7.Nowhere else in the world _ more friendly people than in China.A.you will find B.can you be able to find C.you may have found D.can you find8.Not until 1998 _ back to his hometown.A.came he B.that he came C.did he come D.that he did come9.Hardly _ when it started raining.A.the game had begun B.the game began C.did the game begin D.had the game begun 10.So little _ agree on the plan that they could not settle the differences.A.did they B.do they C.they did D.they did not11.Only after I read the text over again _ its main idea.A.that I knew B.did I know C.I could know D.I did know12.Little _ when I took the trip where it would lead me.A.have I known B.had I known C.do I know D.did I know13._ did the students realize they were mistaken.A.It was until B.It was not until then C.Not until then D.Not until14.Only by reading a lot _ progress in English.A.you can make B.can you make C.will you able to make D.can make you15.Seldom _ time to go shopping these days.A.did I have B.do I have C.have I D.I have