课题4化学式和化合价

?獸?鉸鍈鋨.1?e鍈d?e?m?nm?鉸s?F鉸d鍈3.(1?e鍈d?e?m?nm?鉸s?FF鉸d鍈3?0e?m?(2?e鍈d?e?m?nm?鉸s?F鉸d鍈3?d鋨m鍈?獸em鍈?(3?鍈?鋨鋨?鋨?0e?m?(4?鉸?獸?鋨?鋨鋨?鋨?0e?m?(5?鍈?F鋨?鋨?鉸?n?m?鉸s?m?d鋨鋨?鍈m鋨?.2?mm?s?Fm鉸鉸?F(6?s?0e 鋨?m?0aa?m 鋨em?(7?鋨?s?0e?m?(8?8m?s?0e?m?(9?s?0?獸em鍈?鋨e鉸?d?(10?鋨鉸m?s?0e?m?(11?鉸?m獸鋨?0e?m?(12?鍈ed獸?a鋨?e鍈d?e?m?鉸m?鉸s?FF鉸d鍈3?鍈F?鍈?鉸a?d鍈?(13?鍈?鉸?mm?s?8?鍈m鋨?獸em鍈?(14?mee鍈?a鋨a?鋨?鉸a?m?鋨?鍈m鋨?课题课题4。化学式。化学式 和化合价和化合价?鉸d?鋨?8?鉸?m獸第四单元。物质结构的奥秘第四单元。物质结构的奥秘鋨?獸e?d?鋨鋨?鍈e鋨m?鋨?nm鋨?:.1?d?鋨?0e?m?(1?d?鋨?0e?m?(2?d?鋨?獸em鍈?m?鉸m?鋨ed?鉸e鍈8?(3?m?nee鍈?d?鋨?8?獸em鍈?鋨e鉸?d?(4?m?鉸s?0鋨?鋨?m?鉸d?鋨?8?鉸?m?鍈m?獸em鍈?d鍈?鍈?.2?鉸?m獸(5?鉸?m獸?0e 鋨?m?0aa?m 鋨em?(6?n?鍈?8鋨?a)?e鍈?鍈d?鍈e獸?(?0e?m?(7?m?n?m?鉸s?e?鉸?m獸?獸em鍈?鋨em鉸e鍈8?(8?m?n?m?鉸s?m鉸?m獸?鉸e鍈8?鉸?s?m?F?鉸e鍈8?8?d鍈?-108(9?eee?3?0鉸?鍈ed獸?a鋨?n?m?鉸s?m?n?鋨e鍈?m?m獸?鉸ee鍈d.(10?e?鉸?mn?m?鉸s?m?m獸?F?鍈鍈?F?8a8?d鍈?鍈r?n?m?iie?鉸?(11?mn?m?鉸s?i鉸?m獸?鉸?鉸d?m?鋨?8 鍈iF?d 鋨e?.(12?m?鉸?鉸d?鋨?8?鉸?F鋨?e?m?n?m?鉸s 鍈鉸?m獸?鋨?鉸?鍈iF?d 鋨e?.(13鍈ii鉸?m獸?鍈鍈?鉸d?m?鋨?8 獸?r?鍈鍈?鍈?鋨?鍈iF鉸?鋨e?.(14?鉸d?鍈r?鋨?8?鍈鍈?d鍈?m?nFn8鍈?鉸s 鍈iF?鋨e?.1?d?鋨?0e?m?(1?d?鋨?0e?m?d?鋨?8?m0e-:?m?鉸s?0?m?nm鍈?F?鉸?鍈?m?nee鍈?0m?鉸e鍈8?m?鋨?8?d?鋨?8?e?d鍈?鍈.?鉸?H2O ,H2,HCI ,Hg ,K2O:?ni?鍈?鍈?鍈?e?鍈?e?e?鉸?a?e?鋨?m?ni?鍈?鍈?d?m?鋨?8 鋨ed?鉸e鍈8.(2?d?鋨?獸em鍈?m?鉸m?鋨ed?鉸e鍈8?d?鋨?8?:(1)鋨F?mee鍈?d?m?鋨?8?(2)鋨F?mee鍈?m獸e?mn鋨鋨?(3)鋨F?mee鍈?aa?m?m?鉸s?m0鉸m?0鋨?鋨?(4)鋨F?mee鍈?m獸e?mn鋨鋨?e?d鍈?m?n?m?鉸s?mm鍈?eam鍈?m鉸m鍈e?鋨e鋨?鋨e鉸?.(3?m?nee鍈?d?鋨?8?獸em鍈?鋨e鉸?d?(1)?ee鍈?m?nee鍈?d?m?鋨?8?F鉸?d:?鍈?ee鍈?鍈?鉸ee鍈?鍈ed獸?a鋨?鍈a?ee鍈?鉸ee鍈?獸?e?鍈?a?0鋨?鋨?m?鋨?ee鍈?鉸ee鍈?m?鉸s?0?鉸?鋨em鉸e鍈8.?鉸?:?鋨?(Fe)?(Cu)?鍈d鋨?(AI)?鉸a(He)?sm(Ne)?e鍈 獸e獸?鋨?獸?8?鍈?鍈?m?e?鉸鍈?F鋨?鋨?e?鋨?鍈ia鍈?鋨?im?鋨?d?鋨?8?m?鉸s?0?鉸?鍈 em鉸e鍈8?鉸?:?8?8(P)?a鋨i0鋨?鋨?(S)?鍈?.(C)?m?d?ee鍈?nee鍈?鍈?鋨鉸?鍈?e?n鋨鋨?鍈d?鋨鉸?鍈?e?n鋨鋨?鍈i鋨F?鋨e鋨?鋨?m?鋨?d?鋨?8?m?鉸s?0?003?鋨?n鋨鋨?e?鍈?mm鍈?d?鉸?鍈 鋨em鉸e鍈8.?鉸?:?0?(O2)?鉸?(CI2)?鍈(N2)?(F2)?d?e(I2)?a?e?(H2)?(Br2)?(O3)(2?m?nee鍈?d?m?鋨?8?F鉸?d?m?nee鍈?d?m?鋨?8?F?d?0鉸?獸鍈?em?am鍈?m?m?鉸鋨?鋨?Fnied鍈?:(1)鋨?獸ee鍈?d鍈?e?n?m?鉸s?0鋨?鋨?(2)?鉸d?e?鋨?8?d鍈?n?m?鉸s?鉸?鍈?mm鍈?m?am鍈?(3)?鉸d?e?鋨?8?d鍈?n?m?鉸s?m?0鉸-?鉸md?e鍈?(4)?鍈?mm鍈?鍈ed?鉸e鍈8?a?鍈e鉸?d?鍈?m?鍈e?鍈d?mm鋨?鉸?.?m?nee鍈?d?m?鋨?8?F鉸F?d:(1)?m?鉸s?0鋨?鋨?nee鍈?ea?a?e?e鍈?鍈?ad?0?m?鉸s?8?m?d?鋨e鉸?d?m?m?鉸s?m?鉸s?鋨0?8?em鍈?鉸?d 鍈?m?n?m?鉸s?m0?003?鋨?獸e?鋨鋨?鍈e?鍈?m鍈 鋨e鉸?d.?鉸?:?鍈-(4)?me?d?鋨?8CO2-?8?8-(5)e?P2O5-?ma鍈?e?MgO-(2)?a?鍈?鉸?e?鉸鍈?0鋨?鋨?e鍈?鍈?ad?鍈?m?鉸s?鋨0?e?鉸鍈?8?m?鉸s?鋨0?8?em鍈?鉸?d 鍈?m?n?m?鉸s?m鋨0?003?鋨?獸en鋨?鍈?鍈?m鍈 鋨e鉸?d.?鉸?:?鍈m e?鉸NaCI-?m鍈?e8?Na2S-?鍈?e?鉸BaCI2-?鍈 e?鉸-KCI?ma鍈?e?MgCI2-?m?e?鉸 ZnCI2-?ee鍈?m?nee鍈?鉸d?m?鋨?8?F鉸?d(4?m?鉸s?0鋨?鋨?m?鉸d?鋨?8?鉸?m?鍈m?獸em鍈?d鍈?鍈?m?鉸s?0鋨?鋨?m?鉸d?鋨?8?鉸?e?鍈i?獸?鍈?獸鍈?3m?m?m?鉸s?m?鍈m?鍈?鍈?em鍈?am?m?鉸s?m?鍈m 鍈?鋨?e?a?鋨F?鋨F?鋨e鋨?.?a?3m?m?鉸s?鍈aF?a?鉸?獸 鍈?獸鍈?3m?m?鉸s?鍈m?鉸?鍈?em鍈?鍈m?鉸as?鍈m?0a?3m?m?鉸s?m獸?鋨e鉸?d.?鉸?-CO2?鍈-(4)e?-NaCI?鍈m e?鉸?-K2O?鍈?e?Na2S?鍈m ei?Fe3O4-?鋨?3)?-(4e?.2?鉸?m獸(5?鉸?m獸?0e 鋨?m?0aa?m 鋨em?鉸?m獸?m0e-?m?m?鉸s?dd?鋨?em鍈?m?鍈 鍈iF鍈?m?m?鉸s?dd?鋨?em鍈?鍈?鉸?d鋨鋨?鉸?m獸 鋨e鉸de.?鉸?獸?鋨?鉸?m獸?8m?鉸?m獸?e?0 鋨em?.(6?n?鍈?8鋨?a)?e鍈?鍈d?鍈e獸?(?0e?m?ee鋨 CO3?NO3?SO4?a?鍈F?d?d鍈?獸e?獸獸e?ee鋨?d 鍈r?n?鍈?鍈F?d鉸?d鍈?e?0鉸?d?a?鍈em鉸?鍈?m?n?鍈?m?鉸8?n?鍈?8鋨?a)?鍈d?鋨e鍈?鍈d?鍈e獸?(?e?d鍈?鍈.?鍈ed獸?a鋨?鍈e獸?aem?:-CO3?鍈m?鍈 鍈?n?r鋨e鍈?-NO3?獸?m 鍈?n?r鋨e鍈?-SO4?鍈i?鍈?n?r鋨e鍈?-PO4?鍈8?8 鍈?n?r鋨e鍈?-CIO4?獸?鉸?8 鍈?n?r鋨e鍈?-CIO3?獸?鉸 鍈?n?r鋨e鍈?-MnO4?鍈m0m鍈?8 鍈?n?r鋨e鍈?-OH?e?r鋨e鍈?-NH4?m鋨?鍈?鍈e獸?(7?m?n?m?鉸s?e?鉸?m獸?獸em鍈?d?鉸0?(1)?鋨鉸m?e?鉸?n?m?鉸s?m鉸?m獸?鉸m鍈?鋨F?m?m?鉸s?m獸e?m?鍈?鍈?獸em鍈鉸?鍈d?鍈獸鋨F?鉸s 鍈m鍈?鉸s?鋨?鍈?鋨?鉸s?鉸?m獸?鍈獸鋨F?鍈?8m?鉸?m獸 鋨e?.?鉸?:NaCI獸e?鍈m?m?鉸s?m獸e?鍈?m獸e?mm?鉸s?鉸 鍈?鍈 鍈i鋨F?鋨e?鍈m?m?鉸s+1?鉸?m獸 鋨e?.?鉸?m?鉸s?m獸e?鍈?鍈m?鍈?a?m獸e?mm?鉸s 鍈i鋨F?鋨e獸鋨F?鉸?m?鉸s-1?鉸?m獸 鋨e?.(7?m?n?m?鉸s?e?鉸?m獸?獸em鍈?d?鉸0?(2)?鉸?m獸鋨)?鋨鉸?鍈(e?鉸?n?m?鉸s?m鉸?m獸?鉸m鍈?-鋨F?m?m?鉸s?m獸e?m?鍈?鍈?鍈m鉸ed鍈8?鉸s 鍈8鋨3?鍈r?鋨?F鍈m?鍈?鉸s?em鍈?鍈?鍈?鋨?鍈em鉸鉸ed鍈8?鉸s?8鋨3?d鍈?鉸s?鍈?8?鍈Fnmid 鋨F?鉸s?8m?d鍈?鉸?獸?鉸s?e?鍈 鍈Fn?獸?d 鋨F?m?鉸s?鋨?鉸?m獸 鋨e?.(7?m?n?m?鉸s?e?鉸?m獸?獸em鍈?鋨em鉸e鍈8?m?n?m?鉸s?e?鉸?m獸 鍈?m?鉸s?m鋨0?0?8?m?m獸?d?鉸?鍈 鋨em鉸e鍈8s.?鉸?:NaCI CO2 K2O H2SO4 CuSO4+1 -1+4 -2+1 -2+1 +6 -2+2 +6 -2(8?m?n?m?鉸s?m鉸?m獸?鉸e鍈8?鉸?s?m?F?鉸e鍈8?8?d鍈?m?n?m?鉸s?m鉸?m獸?鉸e鍈8?鉸?s?m?F?鉸e鍈8?8:(1?m?n?m?鉸s?m獸?m?鉸s?m鋨0?0?鋨 鋨e鉸?d.?mm?s?鍈?m?鉸s?m鋨0?m鋨?鋨?003?鋨?鋨e鉸?d.(2?m?n?m?鉸s?m?m獸?im?m0鉸?鋨?鍈ed?鉸e鍈8?鍈?mm鍈 鍈e鍈 鋨e鉸?d.獸e?nm?s 鍈?鍈 鍈e鍈?鍈?mm鍈?0md?鋨e鉸?d.?鉸?:(3?m?n?m?鉸s?m獸?鍈?鋨?3?鋨e鉸?d?mm?s?鍈?鋨?鋨ed鍈?鉸?d?鍈 鋨e?d.Ca CuSO4 Na KCI+2+1 -1 +2+6-2-108(9?eee?3?0鉸?鍈ed獸?a鋨?n?m?鉸s?m?n?鋨e鍈?m?m獸?鉸ee鍈d.(11?e?鉸?mn?m?鉸s?m?m獸?F?鍈鍈?F?8a8?d鍈?鍈r?n?m?iie?鉸?.1?m獸?鋨?8m?鋨e?.(1)?0?m?鉸s?e鍈?鉸?m獸-2 鋨e?.(2)?a?e?m?鉸s?e鍈+1?鉸?m獸 鋨e?.(3)?鍈?m?鉸s?鉸?e?鉸鍈?m?鉸s em?鍈?m?鉸s?鋨?e?鉸鍈?鉸?m獸?m?鉸s?8m?鉸?m獸 鋨e?.(4)?n?m?鉸s?鍈F?鍈?e?鉸?鍈F?鍈?m獸 鋨ed?鉸e鍈8.2?e?鋨?m獸?鉸?8m?m?m獸?獸?0鍈?memd 鋨e?.3?m?m?鉸s?m獸?m?鉸s?m?鍈?鍈?獸em鍈鉸?鍈ed?鉸e鍈8s?d鋨鋨?F鋨i鍈?ee鍈 獸ee鍈?獸en鋨s?m?鉸s?m獸?m 鋨e?.(10?mn?m?鉸s?i鉸?m獸?鉸?鉸d?m?鋨?8 鍈iF?d 鋨e?i鉸?m獸?m鉸鉸ed鍈8?鉸?鋨3鍈?鍈?m?d?m?鋨?8?鋨?鋨?鍈iF?a 鋨e?:-1?鍈?m?i?+5?0?鉸?m獸-2?鉸?m獸?0鉸m?鋨?.?m?i?鋨?m?d?鉸d獸?dm?鋨?8.?Fd(1)?m?鍈?a鋨鉸?m?m?鉸s?m0?m?d?鍈d?鋨?mi鉸?m獸?8m?鍈?mi鉸?m獸 鍈i?鍈d.P O (2)?m?m?鉸s?8m?鋨?m?鉸?m獸?鉸?鋨?m?a?鋨?鉸?8?mm鍈.5X2=10 (3)?d鍈?m?m?鉸s?鍈?m鍈?8鍈?a?鋨?鉸?m鍈?鍈?m鍈 =?鋨?m獸?m鍈)?鍈d?8m?m獸?m鍈(4)?鍈?mm鍈?d鍈?ms?鉸s?m0?鍈?鍈?鍈?鍈d?d?鋨?鉸 鋨eia:P2O5 (5)?d?m?鋨?鋨F?.?鋨?m?m獸?鋨?m鍈?鉸?8m?m?m獸?鋨?mm鍈?獸?0鍈?memd 0 鍈?d?鋨?獸?r?鋨e?m鍈?.(+5)X2+(-2)X5=+10-10=0?獸鍈3:?i?m?鋨?m?d?鋨?.P2O5 (11?m?鉸?鉸d?鋨?8?鉸?F鋨?e?m?n?m?鉸s 鍈鉸?m獸?鋨?鉸?鍈iF?d 鋨e?.?d?鋨?鉸?e?鉸?鋨?8m?mi鉸?m獸?獸?0鍈?emd?m?鋨?me鍈?鍈鍈?鉸?鋨?鋨?e鍈 鋨F?e?a?鍈ii鉸?m獸?0?m?m?鉸s?e鉸?m獸?m鉸鉸ed鍈8?鍈aF?a?鋨?鋨?鍈ii鉸?m獸?0?m?m?鉸s?鉸?m獸 鋨e鉸8s?.?鉸?:-1?鍈?NaCIO 獸e Na?鉸?O?m?m獸 鋨ed?a?m?d Na?m?m獸+1?O?m?m獸-2 鍈?CI?m?m?m獸?8?.NaCIO (+1)+X-2=0 +1+X-2=0 X=+1 NaCIO +1 X -2+1 +1-2(12鍈ii鉸?m獸?鍈鍈?鉸d?m?鋨?8 獸?r?鍈鍈?鍈?鋨?鍈iF鉸?鋨e?.鍈ii鉸?m獸?鍈鍈?鉸d?m?鋨?8 獸?r?鍈鍈?鍈?鋨?鍈iF鉸?鋨e?.獸ei鋨m鋨?鉸鍈鍈?鍈em鉸ed鍈8?8m?8 nm?d 鋨F?e?鋨?8m?mi鉸?m獸?獸?0鍈?emd?m?F鋨?鍈?.?m?m?a鋨i鍈?鍈?:(1)?e鍈?鋨?鍈e鉸?d?鋨?8 鋨e鉸Fd.(2)?em鍈?n?m?鉸s?n?鍈?m8鋨?a?鉸?m獸 鋨e鉸?d.(3)獸e?鍈?8m?-?鋨?mi鉸?m獸?獸?0鍈?emd?m 鋨e?d 鋨em鉸8鍈?.?鉸?:Cu(OH)2CO3 (+2)X1+(-1)X2+(-2)X1=+2-2-2=-2?n8鍈?3?m?0?m?鍈i鋨F?e?Cu(OH)2CO3 鋨?鋨?8 鍈?鍈.?鍈?鋨d?m?鋨?8?鋨?獸em鍈r?鍈d Cu2(OH)2CO3?e?鋨e?鍈鉸8鍈?:(+2)X2+(-1)X2+(-2)X1=+4-2-2=0 鍈i鋨F?鍈?鋨d?d?鋨?8 獸?r?e?鋨?鍈iF鉸?鋨e?.+2 -1 -2 (13?鉸d?鍈r?鋨?8?鍈鍈?d鍈?m?nFn8鍈?鉸s 鍈iF?鋨e?鉸d?鍈r?鋨?8?鍈鍈:(1)?8m n鋨?mm鍈?鍈iFn8鍈?鋨e?.?8m n鋨?m鍈?Mr?鉸?d?鉸e鍈8.?8m n鋨?鍈?Mr鍈?d?e?鋨?8?d鍈?m?n?鍈?8m?鍈?m?鉸鉸鍈?鍈emd?.?鉸?H2O KCIO3 Fe2O3 CO2 :12X1+16X2=44_CO2 Fe2O3-56X2+16X3=160KCIO3 -39+35.5+16X3=122.5H2O-1X2+16X1=18(13?鉸d?鍈r?鋨?8?鍈鍈?d鍈?m?nFn8鍈?鉸s 鍈iF?鋨e?(2)?鉸d?鍈r?鋨?8?鍈鍈?mnee鍈?e?m?n?m?鉸s 鍈鍈?m?m 鍈iFn8鍈?鋨e?.?n8鍈?鋨鋨?獸em鋨?鋨e?:?鉸?NH3NO3 :?e?d鍈?m?n?m?鉸s 鍈鍈?m?m?鍈鉸8鍈?:m(N):m(H):m(O)=14x2:1x3:16x3=28:3:48 (3)?鉸d?鍈r?鋨?8?鍈鍈?mnee鍈?e?鋨?m?m?鉸s 鍈鍈?mF鋨鋨 鍈iFn8鍈?鋨e?.?n8鍈?鋨?8 鍈?:?鋨?m?m?鉸s?8m?鍈?鍈?x?鍈?m鍈?e?鉸?鋨?=?100%X?m?m?鉸s 鍈鍈?F鋨鋨 鋨F?m?8m n鋨?鍈?鉸?:NH4NO3?e N?m 鍈鍈?mF鋨鋨?鉸dn8鍈?:Ar(N)N?m 鍈鍈?mF鋨鋨=?100%x Mr(NH4NO3)14x2 100%x-=14+1x4+14x1+16x3 28 100%x-=80 35%=