科技英语表达常用句型

科技英语表达常用句型 - 90 -科技英语表达常用句型索引1“精度”的表示法42“完成”、“达到”、“实现”等的表示法43“增补”、“引伸”的表示法54“优点”、“好处”、“益处”等的表示法65“一致”、“符合”的表示法76“让步”的表示法87“放大”、“扩大”等的表示法98“仪器”、“装置”、“设备”等的表示法109“似乎”、“好像”的表示法1010“大约”、“近似”的表示法1111“平均”的表示法1212“平衡”、“抵消”、“补偿”等的表示方法1213“建造”、“制造”等的表示法1314“能力”的表示法1415“引起”、“导致”、“产生”等的表示法1516“肯定”、“一定”、“相信”等的表示法1617“分类”的表示法1618“比较”的表示法1719“组成”、“构成”、“成分”等的表示法1820“概括”、“结论”等的表示法1921条件(“如果”、“假如”、“假定”等)的表示法2122“对比”、“对照”等的表示法2223“损坏”、“损伤”、“破坏”等的表示法2324“减少”、“降低”、“缩小”等的表示法2325“缺点”、”毛病”、“缺陷”、“故障”等的表示法2426“定义”的表示法2527“程度”的表示方法2628“推迟”、“延缓”、“延期”等的表示法2729“取决于”、“依赖于”、“受的制约”等的表示法2830“不同”、“差别”、“区别”等的表示法2831“方向”的表示方法2932“距离”、“间距”、“间隔”等的表示法3233图的表示法3434“例证”、“举例”等的表示法3535“例外”、“排除”等的表示法3636“过量”、“过度”等的表示法3737“频度”、“时间间隔”等的表示法3838“功能”、“作用”等的表示法3939“将来时间”的表示法3940“根据”的表示法4041“假定”、“假设”的表示法4142“增加”、“增大”、“提高”等的表示法4243“安装”、“安置”等的表示法4344“指示”、“指令”等的表示法4445“相似”、“类似”、“相同”等的表示法4546“装填”的表示法4547“最大值”、“最小值”等的表示法4648“度量”、“计量”等的表示法4749“方法”的表示法4850“运动”、“移动”、“动作”等的表示法4951“需要”、“要求”、“必须”等的表示法5052“否定”的表示法5153“加、减、乘、除”等运算的表示法5254“百分比”的表示法5355“位置”的表示法5456“可能性”、“或然性”等的表示法5557“性质”、“特性”、“性能”等的表示法5658“比例”、“比率”等的表示法5759“数量”的表示法5960“原因”、“理由”等的表示法6061“结果”的表示法6262“转动”、“旋转”等的表示法6364“顺序”、“时序”等的表示法6665“形状”的表示法6766“状态”、“状况”等的表示法6967“足够(量)”、“不足”等的表示法7068“建议”、“提议”、“劝告”等的表示法7169“提供”、“供给”、“装备”等的表示法7270“趋向”、“趋势”、“倾向”等的表示法7371“何时”的表示法7472“倍数”、“分数”、“百分数”等的表示法7673“过量”的表示法8074“传送”、“传输”、“输送”等的表示法8175“变化”的表示法8276“经受”、“承受”等的表示法8477“变量”的表示法8578“改变”、“变化”、“修改”等的表示法8679“速度”、“速率”等的表示法8780“方式”、“方法”、“手段”等的表示法8881“愿望”的表示法891“精度”的表示法常用词语有：to an accuracy of 精度达；达的精度with an accuracy of 精度达；以的精度within the accuracy of 在的精度范围内the accuracy with/to which 的精度accurate to 精度达；精确到accurate (to) within 精度在的范围之内Readings can be obtained to an accuracy of one micron.获得的读书精度可达1微米。With this balance, masses can be compared with an accuracy of 7 parts in 109.用这种天平来比较质量，精度可达7/109。The discrepancy is within the accuracy of the analysis.误差在分析精度范围之内。The accuracy with which scientists can use laser can also be of help in making different kinds of measurements.科学家使用激光所能达到的精度对进行其他各种测量也可能有所帮助。It depends on the degree of accuracy to which the parts must be made.这取决于制造零件所应达到的精度。All input data are accurate to three significant figures.所有输入的数据精确到3位有效数字。When returning from the moon the position of the craft must be accurate to within a few kilometers.从月球上返回时，飞行器的位置必须准确到不超过几千米。This apparatus is accurate within microseconds.这台装置的精确度在数微秒之内。These parameters are known with an accuracy of 5%.这些参数的已知精确度为5 。The components can be positioned with an accuracy better than 0.010 in.这些部件装定的精确度可高于0.010英寸。2“完成”、“达到”、“实现”等的表示法常用的动词有：accomplish 完成 execute 完成，执行achieve 完成；达到 finish 结束，完成attain 达到；完成 fulfil(l) 履行；执行；完成carry out 执行；进行；实现 perform 执行，完成complete 完成；结束 reach 达到do 实行；完成 realize 实现effect 实现；达到 proceed 进行常用名词有：accomplishment 完成 execution 实行，执行achievement 完成，达到 fulfil(1)ment 实现，完成；达到attainment 达到，完成 performance 执行，完成completion 完成，结束 realization 实现Removal of excess heat is achievedeffectedaccomplished by means of a radiator排除多余的热可借助于散热器来完成。This can be doneeffectedachievedaccomplished by means of a radiator这可以通过散热器来做到。Compression can be performed in two or more stages压缩可分两级或更多级来完成。Research is stil1 proceeding on the properties of water and steam对水和蒸汽性质的研究还在进行。A high degree of accuracy can be reachedattainedachieved by coldworking the metal通过对金属进行冷加工可达到高精度。The following three kinds of experiments were carried out/performed/conducted/made.进行了以下3种实验。The experiment was easily finished in three hours 这一实验在3小时内便轻易地完成了。The project was not actually realized这一规划事实上并未完成。After many years，his plans came to fulfil(l)ment多年之后，他的计划实现了。The work is rapidly approaching completion.这一工程正迅速地接近完工。3“增补”、“引伸”的表示法常用词语有：and 和，及，又also 也，而且as well 也，又；还；同样地as well as 除之外(也)；和，以及too 也not onlybut(also) 不仅而且apart from 除开外besides 除之外moreover而且，此外，加之furthermore 而且，此外in addition(to) 另外；除外with the addition of 另增加in the same way 同样likewise 同样地；而且similarly 同样地that is(to say)(ie) 也就是说in other words 换句话说，换言之whats more 而且，另外；更重要的是The decimal scale and binary scale are used in science.十进制和二进制都用在科学上。The decimal scale，and also the binary scale，are used in science.十进制以及二进制都用在科学上。The binary scale，as well as the decimal scale，is used in science.除十进制外，二进制也用在科学上。Apart from / In addition to / Besides the decimal scale, the binary scale is also used in science除十进制外，二进制也用在科学上。Besides the decimal scale，the binary scale is a1so used in science；furthermore/moreover, a number of other scales can be used as well.除十进制外，二进制也用在科学上，此外还使用其他一些进位制。Matter in itself is inert，that is，it has no tendency to move or change any way物质本身是有惯性的，也就是说，它没有运动或作任何变化的趋势。A pipe offers some resistance to the flow of water. In the same waySimilarlyLikewise，a wire offers some resistance to the flow of charges passing through it水管对水的流动产生某种阻力，同样，导线对通过导线的电荷流动也产生某种阻力。A machine can never produce more work than was supplied to itIn other words, a machine cannot have an efficiency greater than 1.一台机器绝不会产生多于输入的功，换句话说，机械的效率不可能大于1。Chemically pure water is very difficult to obtain because water dissolve many substances . What is more, the purer the water is, the better it is dissolving.化学上纯净的水很难获得，因为水能溶解多种物质；而且，水越纯，它的溶解能力越强。4“优点”、“好处”、“益处”等的表示法常用词语有：advantage 优点，好处 asset 优点，长处benefit 好处；利益 excellent/good/outstandingmerit 优点；长处 features 优点；优异的特点profit 益处；得益 virtue 优点，长处goodness 优良，优势 good qualities 优点superiority 优越性 strong points 优点The advantages of plasma gas over other fuel gases are much higher temperature. 与别的燃料气体相比，等离子气体的优点是温度高得多。Water-tightness is an obvious asset in humid regions.在潮湿地区，水密性是一明显的优点。Economy of effort and money is one of the benefits of joint work.省力省钱是共同协作的好处之一。The limitations of the design are more than offset by its merits.这一设计的不足之处多于长处。Low cost is not always a virtue.成本低不一定总是优点。There is a profit even in mistakes.甚至错误中也有益处。The machine possesses many excellent features.这种机器有许多优异的特点。5“一致”、“符合”的表示法accord 符合，一致 be in agreement with 与相一致（符合）agree 符合，一致 be in accord with coincide 一致，相符 be in conformity with conform (使)一致，（使）符合 be consistent with correspond to 符合于 bring into correspondence with 使与一致起来常用的名词有： 常用的形容词有：accord 一致，符合 consistent 一致的，符合的agreement 符合，一致 accordant 一致的coincidence 符合，一致 congruous 一致的consistency 一致（性） conformable 一致的，符合的correspondence 符合，一致 corresponding 一致的，符合的conformity 符合，一致 The experimental results agree/accord with the theoretical calculations.实验结果与理论计算相符合。The actual production figures are in agreement with/in accord with/in conformity with/consistent with the estimated figures.实际生产数字与估计数字相符合。A contact lens conforms to/is consistent with the curvature of the eyeball.接触透镜与眼球的曲率相符。The theory does not correspond to the experimental facts.这一理论与实验的实际情况不符。Our results coincide with those obtained by other workers.我们的结果与其他一些科学工作者所取得的结果相一致。6“让步”的表示法常用词语有：althoughwhereaswhilewhilst 虽然in spite ofdespite尽管，虽然in spite of the fact that 虽然irrespective ofregardless of 不论，不管no matter+疑问词(how，what，when，where等)无论whatever 无论什么，不论什么whichever 无论哪个whenever 无论何时wherever 无论在哪里whether or 不管还是even ifeven though 即使however + adj. / adv. 无论怎样adj. / adv. + as 尽管，虽然at any rate 无论如何in any case 无论如何AlthoughIn spite of the fact that its performance is good , the engine is too complicated to be generally adopted. 虽然其性能良好，这种发动机太复杂，不能普遍采用。In spite of / Despite its good performance，the engine is too complicated to be generally adopted . 虽然其性能良好，这种发动机太复杂，不能普遍采用。All computers have several features in common , regardless of make or design .不论其构造式样如何，所有的计算机都有一些共同的特点。All machines , no matter how complicated , are combinations of these simple machines .所有的机器，不论有多么复杂，都是由这些简单机械组成的。Crystals of a particular substance have the same shape , no matter what size they are .某一特定物质的晶体都有同一形状，不论其大小如何。Whatever changes energy may undergo , the total amount of energy is constant .不管能量经受什么变化，总能量是恒定的。Whatever an engineer builds , whether it be a bridge , a spaceship , or an electronic circuit , he uses materials of construction .不论工程师建造什么，是桥梁，宇宙飞船，还是电子线路，他都要使用结构材料。In any case，even if the problem can be solved it will not be easy .不管怎样，即使这一问题能够解决，也不会容易。Much as substances differ , all bodies have certain properties in common .尽管物质不同，所有物体均有某些共同的特性。These symbols can be used to represent any number however small or large .这些符号能用来代表任何数目，无论多大或多小。While/Whereas/Whilst light waves travel most quickly through air , they go much slower through water and even slower through glass .虽然光波在空气中传播很快，光波通过水时要慢得多，而通过玻璃时更慢。7“放大”、“扩大”等的表示法常用动词有：amplify 放大；增强enlarge 放大；扩大；变大，增大expand 扩大；使膨胀 extend 延伸；扩大magnify 放大；扩大；有放大能力 augment 扩大；增加，增长；增强常用名词有：amplification 扩大enlargement 扩大；放大；放大的像片expansion 扩大；膨胀extension 延伸，扩大magnification 放大；放大率augmentation 扩大；增加，增长；增强The arrangement of levers amplifies the movement of the bar .杠杆组合可加强杆的动作。The use of engineering plastics has expanded rapidly over the last l5 years .工程塑料的用途近15年来已迅速扩大。It rapidly extended its influence all over the world .它迅速扩大了在全世界的影响。An enlargement is often made from a small photograph .放大的像片常常由小的像片放大而成。We magnify objects with a microscope .我们用显微镜来放大物体。It amplifies the mass of hot exhaust gases , and thus serves to augment the thrust derived from them .这样会增强(排出的)热废气的流量，从而用来增加从热废气所得到的推力。The velocity of the molecules is augmented by the addition of heat .分子的速度可用加热的方法来增加。8“仪器”、“装置”、“设备”等的表示法常用名词有：apparatus 装置，设备，器械 machine 机器，机械appliance 器具，电器 machinery 机械，机器设备device 装置，器件 mechanism 机械装置，机构equipment 设备 plant (固定)设备，装置facilities 设备；用具 set (全套性)设备，仪器gear 用具，装备，装置 tool 工具，器具instrument 仪器，仪表 unit 装置，机组，组件a chemical apparatus 化学仪器a distilling apparatus 蒸馏装置electrical appliances 电气用具a device for regulating temperatures调节温度的装置the latest research equipment最新的研究设备an air-conditioning equipment for 一种供用的空调设备facilities for cooking / cooking facilities 炊事设备，炊事用具a remote-control gear遥控装置a scientific instrument科学仪器an instrument for measuring the spectra of rays 用以测量光谱的仪器a battery supply set 电池供电设备a hand-operated tool 手动工具The concrete-mixing plant / equipment was set up on the building site .混凝土搅拌装置设备装在建筑工地。 The power plant / unit driving the machines is a 200-hp induction motor .驱动机器的动力装置机组是一台200马力的感应电动机。New plant / machinery has recently been installed in the factory . 最近厂里安装了新的机器设备。Different appliances can be screwed onto this machine to crush coffee beans , prepare cake mixture , etc .这台机器上可装上不同的器具来粉碎咖啡豆，调制糕饼混合料等等9“似乎”、“好像”的表示法常用词语结构有： appear / seem + to V 看来，似乎appear / look / seem + like + NP 看来像，看来是的样子look + as if / though 看来好像It appears / looksseems + as if/though看来好像(仿佛)It appears / seems + that 看来The planet Mercury appears to have no atmosphere .水星似乎没有大气层。This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor .这一作用从外表上看来像电容器的放电现象。What does an atom look like?原子是什么样子?It looks as if the uses of television appear to be endless .看来电视的用途似乎是数不清的。It seems that we must abandon the scheme . 看来我们必须放弃这一计划。It appears that germanium and silicon will gradually supplant the01d types of rectifier .看来锗和硅将逐渐取代老式的整流器。It seems fairly certain that great progress will be made in this field in the future .看来完全可以肯定，将来这一领域将会取得巨大的进展。10“大约”、“近似”的表示法常用副词或词组有：about 近于，大约around 大约approximately 大约，近似near 差不多，几乎nearly 差不多，几乎or so 左右，大约inof the order of 约为，大约常用动词有：approximate 接近approach 接近，靠近come near 接近，将近range from . to. 从到左右，在范围内不等vary from . to. 在范围内变化The oxygen content of air is aboutaroundapproximately 21% .空气中氧的含量约为21。The Curie point for iron is of the order of 700 .铁的居里点大约为700 。It is only during the past 50 years or so that scientists have learned how to release atomic energy .大约在过去的50年左右时间内，科学家们学会了释放原子能的方法。The earths crustal l thickness varies from about three miles beneath the oceans to about 20 miles through the continent .地球的地壳厚度大约是3英里(海洋下)到20英里(大陆下)左右。Every crane has a certain lifting capacity，ranging from a few tons to many hundreds of tons .每一台起重机均有一定的起重力，从几吨到几百吨。As adhesive layer thickness approaches 0，the stress also approaches 0 .随着粘着层厚度接近于零，应力也接近于零。11“平均”的表示法常用词有：average（n.，adj.，v.）平均（数）；平均的;平均为mean（n.，adj.）平均（数）；平均的The average / mean temperature today was 20 .今天的平均气温为20。The average / mean yearly rainfall is 36 inches .一年的平均降雨量为36英寸。The rainfall averages 36 inches a year .一年的降雨量平均为36英寸。The average /mean of 3,7,9 and 13 is 8 .3，7，9和13的平均数为8。The average works out roundly 700 .平均数算下来约为700。The resistance of the circuit is an average of 100k.电路的电阻平均为100千欧。The pressure in the cylinder at the end of the intake stroke comes to an average of 0.08 to 0.095 MPa.进气冲程结束时，气缸中的压力平均达0.080.095兆帕。On an average each person in Great Britain consumes at home over 150 litres of water every day .平均而言，英国每人每天在家要用掉150升水。12“平衡”、“抵消”、“补偿”等的表示方法常用的动词及词组有：balance 平衡；抵消bring to equilibrium 使平衡compensate for 补偿counteract 抵消counterbalance （使）平衡，抵消equalize 使均衡（均等），（使）平衡，补偿make up for 弥补；补偿offset 抵消，补偿place / put in equilibrium with 使与平衡常用名词有：balance 平衡，抵消counterbalance 平衡，抵消equilibrium 平衡，均衡offset 抵消The two opposing forces balance / counterbalance each other .这两个反方向作用的力相互抵消。When opposing forces balance each other , a state of equilibrium or balance is reached .当两个反方向作用的力相互抵消时，便可达到平衡状态。The loss of pressure through condensation is compensated for/offset by the admission of more steam .通过冷凝而失去的压力，可通过送入更多的蒸汽而得到补偿。The disadvantages of the jet engine are offset / counteracted by its mangy virtues .喷气发动机的缺点被它的许多优点所抵消。Air load can be placed in equilibrium with inertia load .可使气动载荷与惯性负载相平衡。More heat is required to make up for the heat lost under compression .需要更多的热来补偿受压缩时所失去的热。13“建造”、“制造”等的表示法常用动词有： 常用名词有：build 建造；建筑 building 建造，建筑construct 建造；建筑 construction 建造；构筑fabricate 制造；装配 fabrication 制作；装配generate 产生；发生;发（电） generation 产生；发生；发（电）manufacture （大量）制造，加工 manufacture （大量）制造，加工prepare 制备，配制，调制 preparation 制备，配制，调制produce 制造，生产 production 制造，生产Aeroplanes are produced in an aircraft factory .飞机在飞机制造厂制造。Our company is engaged in the fabrication of airplane parts .我公司从事飞行部件的制造。Most alloys are made by mixing together molten metals .大多数合金是把熔化的金属混合在一起制成的。It takes about two years to construct/build a large bridge .建筑一座大桥大约要两年的时间。Cranes are necessary for the construction of tall buildings .建造高大的建筑物需要起重机。Machine building widely uses screw joints .机器制造广泛使用螺旋接合。The blank production shops produce stocks : castings , forgings , and stampings .（生产）毛坯车间生产各种坯料：铸件、锻件和冲压件。The book describes the process of manufacturing parts with external and internal threads .本书叙述具有外、内螺纹的各种零件的制造方法。Steel mills need oxygen and nitrogen prepared by cryogenic process .炼钢厂需要用低温法制备的氧气和氮气。This plant uses coal for power generation .这个发电厂使用媒来发电。14“能力”的表示法常用词语有：be able / unable to + V 能(够)不能be capable / incapable of + -ing 能够不能be in a position + to V 能够can / cannot +V 能不能will / will be + V 能不能enable + to V 使能have the ability / capability / capacity / power + to V 用的能力，能够These planes will / can fly at 800 miles per hour .这些飞机能以800英里每小时的速度飞行。The lathe is capable of carrying out a wide variety of machining operations .车床能完成各种各样的机加工工序。In many industrial drives it is necessary to be able to control the speed of a motor .在许多工业传动(装置)中需要能控制电动机的转速。We are now in a position to carry out the last of the experiments .现在我们能进行最后项实验了。Hardness of some steels can be increased by heat treating .某些钢的硬度能通过热处理加以提高。The gear lever enables the driver to change gear .变速杆使驾驶员能(变)换排挡。A current of electricity has the capacity to do work .电流有做功的能力。Energy is defined as the capacity for doing work .能量可定义为做功的能力。Oxygen has an outstanding ability to combine with other elements .氧气具有与其他元素相结合的非凡能力。The ability of a material to unite with oxygen is a chemical property .物质与氧结合的能力是一种化学性质。15“引起”、“导致”、“产生”等的表示法常用词语有：be due to 是由所引起的，是由于 initiate 触发，引起bring about / on 引起 lead to 导致excite 引起，产生；发展 produce 产生，引起cause 引起，产生；发展 provoke 激起，引用，诱发develop 引起；激起 raise 引起，唤起generate 产生；引起 result in 导致；产生give rise to 引起 set off/up 引起，激起induce 引起，导致；（感应）产生Poor maintenance gives rise to / results in /brings about wear or of equipment .维护不良会引起设备磨损。Rapid expansion of a gas causes its temperature to fall .气体的迅速膨胀导致它的温度下降。Operation of the machine sets up / gives rise to vibrations .机器的运转引起振动。Impurities produce detrimental effects .杂质会引起有害的影响。High temperature initiates combustion .高温会引起燃烧。Any impurity can provoke hot cracking in the weld .任何杂质会引起焊缝的热裂。Contact between copper and aluminium sets up corrosive action .铜与铝的接触引起腐蚀作用。This may generate / raise a stress .这样会引起（产生）应力。The field developed in the stator induces currents in the rotor .定子中产生的磁场在转子中产生电流。A shortage of coal leads to a shortage of electricity .煤炭的短缺导致了电力的短缺。The expansion of a solid is due to the increase in space between the molecules .固体的膨胀是由于分子之间的间隔扩大所致。16“肯定”、“一定”、“相信”等的表示法常用词语结构有：be certain / sure / confident of + NP 确信，深信be certain / sure / confident + that 确信，深信be certain / sure / + to V 一定（必会）会be convinced of + NP / that 相信believe + that 相信，认为have / there is no doubt + that 毫无疑问know for a certainty + that 确实知道it can be said with certainty + that 可以断言it is clear / certain + that 显然/可以肯定it is sb.s belief / opinion + that 某人认为/某人的看法是He is certain that this television will operate on batteries .他确信这台电视机能靠电池组来工作。Why does the scientist feel so certain of the existence of electrons?为什么科学家如此确信电子的存在？The above mentioned reactions are certain to proceed smoothly .上述的这些反应一定平稳地进行。He was convinced that inexpensive ice would open the way to better health and living .他相信，廉价的冰将为更好的健康和生活开辟道路。We believe that atomic weapons made by man will certainly be eliminated by man in the end .我们相信人类所制造的原子武器最终肯定会被人类所销毁。There is no do