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语法复习语法复习-句子成分句子成分Sentence components认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目五种基本句型概述五种基本句型概述(1)We have been singing for two hours.(主谓主谓)(2)Labour created man.(主谓宾主谓宾)(3)This plan sounds perfect.(主系表主系表)(4)I paid the repairman fifty dollars.(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)(5)We found this material satisfactory.(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目句子成分划分方法:句子成分划分方法:主语:一般由名词、代词充当主语:一般由名词、代词充当谓语:一般由动词、形容词充当谓语:一般由动词、形容词充当宾语:一般由名词、代词充当宾语:一般由名词、代词充当定语:用在主语、宾语前面,起限定作用定语:用在主语、宾语前面,起限定作用状语:用在谓语前面,起修饰作用状语:用在谓语前面,起修饰作用补语:用在谓语后面,起补充作用补语:用在谓语后面,起补充作用(前)(前)(中)(中)(后)(后)位置位置认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目一、一、主语主语v主语主语(Subject)表示句子说的是什么人或什么事表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中,结构、疑问句和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:例如:认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.(名词)(代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(主语从句)(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目(二)谓语(二)谓语 v谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:v1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:成。如:He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目(二)谓语(二)谓语 认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目(三)表语(三)表语 v表语表语(Predicative)v用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。等)之后。v表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如:语从句表示。例如:认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)(名词)2.Is it yours?(代词)(代词)3.The weather has turned cold.(形容词)(形容词)4.The speech is exciting.(分词)(分词)5.Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)(数词)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目6.His job is to teach English.(不定式)(不定式)7.His hobby is playing football.(动名词)(动名词)8.The meeting is of great importance.(介词短语)(介词短语)9.Time is up.The class is over.(副词)(副词)10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)(表语从句)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目注意:系动词(注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。1)状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,一词,例如:例如:He is a teacher.2)持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如:例如:He always kept silent at meeting.3)表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念,这一概念,主要有主要有seem,appear,look,例如:例如:He seems(to be)very sad.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目注意:系动词(注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.5)变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:例如:The river was beginning to run dry.6)终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turn out,表达表达“结果是结果是;证明是证明是”,之,之意,例如:意,例如:The rumor proved false.His plan turned out a success.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目(四)宾语(四)宾语 v宾语(宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承爱者,一)表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.(名词)(代词、动名词)(名词、数词)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think(that)he is fit for his office.(名词化形容词,名词)(不定式短语)(动名词短语)(宾语从句)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目v宾语种类:宾语种类:v(1)双宾语(间接宾语)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如:等,例如:He sent the novel to William yesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:等,例如:She bought a gift for her mother.v(2)复合宾语(宾语)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:宾补),例如:vThey elected him their monitor.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目(五)宾语补足语(五)宾语补足语 v宾语补足语(宾语补足语(Object Complement),),用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。等。“宾补宾补”一般可由名一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:词短语和从句充当。例如:认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.His father named him Tom.2.They painted the wall white.3.Let the dog out.4.We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the room in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.(名词)(形容词)(副词)(不定式短语)(现在分词)(介词短语)(从句)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目(六)定语(六)定语 v修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。v定语可由以下等成分表示:定语可由以下等成分表示:1.Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)(形容词)2.China is a developing country;England is a developed country.(分词)(分词)3.There are ten men English teachers in our school.(名词)(名词)(形容词)(形容词)4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)(代词)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目5.Our monitor is always the last to leave the classroom.(不定式短语)(不定式短语)6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)(动名词)7.He is reading an article about how to lose weight.(介词短语)(介词短语)8.She is the girl who sings best in my class.(定语从句定语从句)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目9.Which of the following sentences has an attributive clause?A.Michael has no idea what a remarkable woman Susan is.B.You should bring it to his attention that youre too ill to work.C.It was a question whether he should get married or not.D.We need to devise a system whereby people can liaise with each other.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目(七)状语(七)状语 v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语(Adverbial)。可由以下形式表示)。可由以下形式表示:1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(副词及副词性词组)(介词短语)(不定式短语)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin,you must continue.(分词短语)(名词)(状语从句)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目9种状语种类如下:1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(时间状语)(原因状语)(条件状语)(地点状语)(方式状语)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目6.She came in with a flower in her hand.7.In order to catch the first bus,I must get up early.8.He was so excited that he couldnt fall asleep.9.She works very hard though she is not clever.10.I am taller than he is.(伴随状语)(目的状语)(结果状语)(让步状语)(比较状语)认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目10.Which of the following preposition phrases can function as an adverbial?Despite the rain,everyone enjoyed the trip.The man with a beard is talking to the manager.Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan.Are you sure of Simons disappearance?认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目 (八)同位语(八)同位语(Appositive)对前面的名对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由名词、词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任,如:数词、代词或从句担任,如:This is Mr.Zhou,our headmaster.(九)插入语(九)插入语(Parenthesis)对一句话对一句话做一些附加的解释,通常有做一些附加的解释,通常有to be honest,I think(suppose,believe-)等,如:等,如:To be frank,I dont quite agree with you.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1.Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词反身代词)is used as an appositive?He promised himself rapid progress.The manager herself will interview Mary.I have nothing to say for myself.A.They quarreled themselves red in the face.2.All the following sentences have an appositive except Only one problem still remain the food.She bought herself a pair of new shoes.My friends all understand and support me.A.She liked her current job,teaching English.认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名,代,数,不定名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或式,动名词,短语或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么,是什么或怎说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用,一起构成谓与联系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质或特征语,说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形,代,数,名形,代,数,名,副,介词短语或句子副,介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词,形容词,副词,表修饰动词,形容词,副词,表示动作发生的时间,地点,原示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等因,目的,方式,结果等副词,介词短语或句副词,介词短语或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词,名词,介词形容词,名词,介词短语等短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因,才能开始对症下药,然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视,已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目
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