10种英语动词时态.doc

动词的时态概念：时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语有16种时态。 一：一般现在时1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek,3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词6.用法（1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用 常用的频度副词：always, often, usually, seldom, never, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, eg. Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning. He often goes swimming in summer. (2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 eg. Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳。 ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国的东部。(3) 表示格言或警句中。 eg. Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.(4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 eg. XiaoWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell. All my family love football. (性格) My sister is always ready to help others.(5) 在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时 eg. I”ll tell him the news when he comes back If you take the job, they will talk with you in greater details.巩固练习1.Weoften_(play)ontheplaygound.2.He_(get)upatsixoclock.3._you_(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4.What_(do)heusually_(do)afterschool?5.Danny_(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtatschool.二： 一般过去时概念：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态基本结构：主语+谓语(动词过去式）+句子其他成分；主语+was/were+形容词/名词/介词短语+过去时间；否定形式 was/were+not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句 Did+主语+do+其他。一般过去时的用法（1）一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般不强调动作的影响，只说明的事情。句式：主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它I had a word with Julia this morning. He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. （2）一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday, last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等. I went shopping yesterday. Where did you go just now?(3) 表示已故人所做的事情。 Comrade Lei Feng did good deeds in his life. 雷锋同志做了一生的好事(4) 表示过去所发生的一系列的动作,而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的,不是从动作相互之间的关系这一角度来考虑的。 Miss Liu got up at seven oclock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work.课堂练习一：用括号里动词的适当形式填空。1. He _ (read) that book last week.2. Last night he _ (arrive) just in time for the show.3. Mary _ (marry) Thomas yesterday.4. Tom _ (show) us where to sit at the meeting yesterday.5. Last summer we _ (visit) Uncle Jack.二：根据要求改写下列句子1. They had a meeting yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)2. Mrs Black does some cleaning every Sunday. (改为一般疑问句)3. Im going to turn on the radio. (改为否定句)4. There were no classes last Saturday afternoon. (改为反意疑问句)5. Those students did their best. (改为否定句)三：一般将来时概念：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。结构：1、will / shall + 动词原形（否定句在will/shall后加not） 2、be going to+动词原形 （用来表示将要发生的动作以及计划、安排和打算要做的事） 时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year（week，month，hour，day，century）in+一段时间，in the future，this afternoon 用法（1）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。I will(shall) arrive tomorrow. 我明天到。（主语是第一人称时最好用shall）Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？We wont be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。 (2) 在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。 Willshecome?她（会）来吗？ Wellonlystayfortwoweeks.我们只待两星期。Themeetingwontlastlong.会开不了多久。 （3）表示位置转移的动词常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用，表示在最近将要发生某事。这些事是事先安排好的。（go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, send, move, travel,） The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow. 明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭。 区别：一）、 shall/will动词原形1.will可用于所有人称，但shall 仅表示单纯将来时， 用于第一人称I和we，作为will的一种替代形式。 2. will , shall可用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。例如： It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨。二）be going to动词原形1. 表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象，判断将要或即将发生某种情况。这类句子的主 语可以是人，也可是物。 There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。 2. 表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定，即打算在最近或将来进行某事。He isnt going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 课堂练习动词填空。1.I_（leave）inaminute. I_（finish）allmyworkbeforeI_（leave）.2. Howlong_you_（study）inourcountry? I_（plan）tobehereforaboutonemoreyear. I_（hope）tovisittheotherpartsofyourcountry. What_you_（do）afteryou_（leave）here?I_（return）homeand_（get）ajob.3.I_（be）tired.I_（go）tobedearlytonight.4.MarysbirthdayisnextMonday,hermother_（give）herapresent.5.Itisverycoldthesedays.It_（snow）soon.四：一般过去将来时概念：表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。基本结构： 肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形 其它或：主语+would +动词原形+其它 否定句：主语+be not（wasnt，werent +动词原形+其他或：主语+would +not+动词原形 +其它疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形+其它或：Would +主语+动词原形+其它用法：（1） 过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态是在某一过去时之后发生的动作我们可以理解为它是立足于过去，着眼于未来的一种时态LiMingsaidthatyouwouldbehappyifyouheardfromme.（2）过去将来时还可表示过去习惯性的动作EveryeveningMr.Wangwouldgoandtalkwithhisstudents.（3）过去将来时常用在宾语从句中主句为过去时，从句表示将要发生的事情 Ididntknowifshewouldcome.（4）它也常用于间接引语中.HetoldmethathewouldgoonatriptoBeijingthenextday. （5）would+动词原形表示过去将来时，常表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。（6）was /were+going to+动词原形表示过去将来时，表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。She said she was going to start at once.她说她将立即出发。I was told that he was going to return home.他告诉我他准备要回家。was /were+going to+动词原形还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。（7）某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车第二天早晨出发。She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。（8）特定场合的一般过去时可表示过去将来时条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。I didnt know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。课堂练习用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long. 3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year. 4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future. 5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning. 6. I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning. 7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight. 8. Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work.五：现在进行时概念：表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。基本结构：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+动词ing形式现在分词肯定句：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+动词ing+其他。否定句：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+not+动词ing+其他。一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+动词ing+其他。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句用法：1、表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，当句子中有now,atthemoment，Its+具体点钟时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 Theyareplayingbasketballnow. Iamcleaningmyroomnow. 2、以look,listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如： Look!Jackisswimming Listen!Sheissinging. 3、表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有thisweek,thesedays等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。 Theyareplantingtreesthesedays.这几天他们在种树4、有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时，但却是表示将要发生的事，而不表示动作现在正在进行。这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词， go,come,leave,fly,move,start,begin,arrive,stay,return等。 Im leaving for a trip in Japan next week. Were flying to Paris tomorrow.课堂练习完成下列现在进行时的句子1.Thestudents_(listen)totheteachernow.2.LiLei_(watch)TVnow.3.She_(look)atanicepicturenow.4.Look!Theboys_(play)basketball.5.Listen!They_(sing)asong.6.Acat_(run)upthetreenow.7.I_(get)upnow.六：过去进行时概念：过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。基本结构：was/were+v-ing”构成 （变形）过去进行时的用法（1）过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作,常和then,atthattime,ateightyesterday,thistimelastnight,thewholenight,thosedays,fromonetofiveyesterday等时间状语连用 Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight? IwashavingatalkwithLiHuaatthattime.（2）表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。 Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift.我不知你能否让我搭一下车。Wewerehopingyouwouldstaywithus.我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起（3）在复合句中A.当表示在某事发生前开始的动作时,用过去进行时表示过去正在进行的情况和动作, 往往由连词when,as,while等引导。 ： JanemetFrankwhen/as/whileshewaslivinginHollywood. Hefellasleepwhenhewasreading. B当表示同时进行的动作时，用while连接，强调同时进行的两种或几种动作，如 WhileIwasworkinginthegarden,mymotherwascookingdinner. HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying. 课堂练习一填入以下单词的正确形式。1Itwaswarm, soI_(take)offmycoat.2Jane_(wait)formewhenI_(arrive).3MybrothercameintothebedroomwhileI_(dance).4_he_(lie)onthegroundatnineyesterdayevening?5What_Jim_(write)whentheteachercamein?6MikeandI_(play)basketballatthattimeyesterdayafternoon.7IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_(work)ataradioshopatthetime.8WhenIarrivedathisoffice, he_onthephone.(speak)9.Whenyou_(konck)atthedooryesterday,I_(do)somewashing.10.Whilemymother_(watch)TV,I_(make)akite.七：将来进行时概念：表示在将来的某一时间正在进行的动作基本结构：shall/will be +动词ing用法1)表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,intwodays,tomorrowevening等表示将来的时间状语连用。 IwillbehavinganEnglishclassat8tomorrow. Marywillbeworkinginthefactoryinthenexttwomonths. (2)在口语中常用来表示按计划或安排即要发生的动作。如：ThistimetomorrowIshallbeflyingtoNewYork. At7:00thiseveningIwillbewatchingthenewsprogrammesonTV. (3)表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的事情或将来的某种可能性，说话人往往有“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。 Webelievethatpeasantslifewillbegettingbetterandbetter. Ifwedontdoso,weshallbemakingaseriousmistake. 【注意】在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如： Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingthestreet. IfTomisdoinghishomeworkwhenyoucomeback,dontdisturbhim,please. 课堂练习一、单项填空1.TheBlackswithusforthetimebeing.A.willstay B.wouldstay C.havebeenstaying D.willbestaying2.Theplaneatthepresentspeeduntilitcrossesthemountainatabouttentonight.A.wouldgo B.went C.willbegoing D.goes3.Mr.Smithwillnotbeabletoattendthemeetingtonightbecause_then.A.hemusthaveaclass B.hewillbeteachingaclassC.heteachesaclass D.hewillhavebeenteachingaclass4.IwontbeabletowatchtheconcertonTVtonightbecauseIhomeworkatthattime.A.shallhavedone B.shallbedoing C.shalldo D.havebeendoing5.I_mybossatthreethisafternoon.A.shallbepickingup B.shallbepickedC.shallhavebeenpickingup D.shallhavepicked八. 现在完成时 概念：表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系，可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。基本构成：助动词have/has+过去分词肯定句Ihaveworked. Hehasworked.否定句Ihavenot(havent)worked. Hehasnot(hasnt)worked.疑问句Haveyouworked? Hasheworked?回答Yes，Ihave./No,Ihavent. Yes,hehas./No,hehasnt.用法：（1）表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰：ever ，never ，already ，yet（yet只用在否定句和疑问句中），just recently，lately ，sofar迄今为止=untilnow,uptonow，before HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall? Ihaveneverheardofsuchaman. Wehavejusthadlunch Ihavealreadyreturnedyourmoney. （2）表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用：for+一段时间IhavelearnedEnglishfor8yearssince+过去的一个时间点 IhavelearnedEnglishsince2001since+一段时间+agoIhavelearnedEnglishsince8yearsagosince+时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句 IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwas5yearsoldinthepast/last+时间段WehavehadtwoEnglishexamsinthepasttwomonths Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears 三延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法现在完成时中，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。我离开这所学校已经八年了。误：Ihaveleftthisschoolforeightyears（）正 ： I have been away from this school for eight years（）他借用我的词典已经两天了误：Hehasborrowedmydictionaryfortwodays（） 正： He has kept my dictionary for two days（） 其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形buyhave borrowkeep fallasleepbeasleepleavebeaway beginbeondiebedead,joinbein returnbeback come/arrivebeingetupbeup marrybemarried catchacoldhaveacold在否定句中短暂性动词可与段时间连用Ihaventgonetoseehimforseveralmonths Ihaventboughtanythingfortwomonths区分havebeento+地点;表示去过某个地方（已经回来），常与ever,never,几次，等连用havegoneto+地点:表示到地方去了（还没回来）havebeenin+地点：表示到了某个地方（多久了），常与for+段时间连用比较：HehasbeentoChinatwice(曾经去过,现在不在中国） HehasgonetoChina他到中国去了.（他可能已在去中国的路上，或已到中国，总之，现在不在这里） HehasbeeninChinafortwoyears(他到中国已经两年了）五对完成时的提问用howlong.?不能用when.?六现在完成时常用句型1Itisthefirst/secondtime.that.结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity这是我第一次参观这座城市Itisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate这是这个男生第三次迟到了2Thisisthe.that.结构，that从句要用现在完成时ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen这是我看过的最好的电影ThisisthefirsttimethatIveheardhimsing这是我第一次听他唱歌3Itis/Ithasbeen+时间段+since.Ithasbeen/Its5yearssincewelastmet.自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了Its/Ithasbeen3monthssincethemandied那人死去3个月了4一段时间+完成时结构+since引导的时间状语从句TwoyearshaspassedsinceIcamehere.巩固练习1I_aletterfromhimsinceheleftAdidntreceive Bhaventgot Cdidnthave Dhaventheard2Wherehaveyou_thesedays？Ihave_toDazhuwithmyfriendsA. been；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone3Howlonghaveyou_thisbook？Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent4WheresPeter？He_toNanjingAisgoing Bhasbeen Chasgone Dwent5Youveneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore，_？ Ahaventyou Bhaveyou Cdoyou Ddontyou6Wehavelivedhere_fiveyearsagoAwhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter7IhavewatchedthegameWhenyou_it？Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch8HowdoyoulikeBeijing，MrBlack？Oh，I_suchabeautifulcityAdontvisit Bdidntvisit Chaventvisited Dhadntvisited9Theoldpeople_lonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceaweekAdontfeel Bhasntfelt Chaventfelt Ddidntfeel10Mygrandfather_inthesmalltownallhislifeHealwayssayshelikesthetown Alived Bhavelived Chaslived Disliving11MissBrown_totheGreatWalltwice Ahavebeen Bhasbeen Chavegone Dhasgone12HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice_hecametoYunnanAafter Bbefore Csince Dfor13Hisgrandpa_fortwoyearsAwasdied Bhasbeendead Cwasdead Dhasdied14Hissister_herhometownforthreeyearsShellreturnnextyearAleft Bhasleft Chasbeenaway Dhasbeenawayfrom用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。（一）A:Where_LiFei_?B:He_toHainanIsland.A:Howlong_he_there?B:He_thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:Imafraidhewontcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_never_there.A:Howmanytimes_LiFei_tothatplace?B:He_thereonlyonce.（二）用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各种形式填空。WhereisJack?He_hiscountry.John_Englandsincehecameback.Howlong_have_thisvillage?TheSmiths_Beijingforyears._youever_America?Yes,I_theremanytimes.I_thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.三、单选。1.Howlong_he_thelibrarybook.A.has,borrow B.has,kept C.has,bought D.did,buy2.MrGreenisntintheoffice,He_tothelibraryA.hasgone B.went C.hasbeen D.willgo3.Mrsmith_toTokyoandhewillbebackinaweekA.hasbeen B.hasvisited C.hassent D.hasgone4.They_ChinafortwoyearsA.havebeentoB.havebeenin C.havegoneto D.havecometo5.May_thebookfortwoweeks. A.borrowed B.lent C.kept D.bough6.Wehaventseenthefilm_. A.already B.ever C.yet D.since7.Maryisnthere.Shehas_theshop. A.beento B.wentto C.goneto D./8.-Ihaveneverheardofthenews.-_. A.SodoI B.SohaveI C.NeitherhaveI D.EitherdoI9.She_suppersincesixthirty.A.has B.had C.hashad D.doesnthave10._youeverstudiedwithover3friends?A.Will B.Have C.Are D.Do11.Howlonghashebeen_foryou?A.wait B.waiting C.waited D.wrote12.Theyhave_ schoolforoneyear.A.beawayfrom B.beenawayfrom C.leftD.beenleaving13.MrHediedlastyear.He_ forseveralmonthsalready.A.hasbeendying B.hasdied C.hasbeendeadD.died14.Heboughtabikelastyear.Hehashadthebike_. A.sinceayear B.foroneyearago C.sinceayearago D.foroneyear15.Howlong_ you_ _thisbike?FortwoyeasA.does,have B. does,buy C. havehad D. have,bought 九：过去完成时概念：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。基本结构：主语+had+过去分词 (done)肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadnot.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 时间状语：before, when, after, by+, until, once, hadnosoonerthan，yet，already等 基本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 Bynineoclocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for,since 构成的时间状语连用。Ihadbeenatthebus