并列句和复合句-从句.ppt

并列句和复合句 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一 、 并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫 作并列句 。 常见分类： 1. 表示同等 、 平行或承接关系 ， 常用连词 and， both. . . and， not only. . . but also. . . ， neither. . . nor. . . ， as well as等 。 2. 表示转折关系 ， 常用连词 but， yet(然而 ), however(然而 ), while(而 )等 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3. 表示选择关系 ， 常见连词 or， not. . . but(不是 而 是 ), either. . . or. . . (要么 要么 )等 。 4. 表示因果关系 ， 常见连词 because, as， for(因为 ), so等 。 二 、 复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫作复合 句 。 从句需由关联词引导 。 初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有 状语从句 、 宾语从句和定语从句 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 考点一 状语从句 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用 ， 修饰主句中的谓语 、 形容词或副词 。 状语从句由从属连词引导 ， 从属连词不充当句 子成分 ， 只起连接作用 。 根据意义上的不同 ， 状语从句可分为： 时间状语从句 、 条件状语从句 、 目的状语从句 、 让步状语从句 、 原因状语从句 、 结果状语从句 、 比较状语从句 、 地点状语从句 等 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 从句类型 从句引导词 例句 时间状 语从句 when, while, before, after, until, since, as soon as He didnt get home until 9 p. m. last night. 他直到昨天晚上九点才到家 。 Ill call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话 。 条件 状语 从句 if, unless, as long as Youll be kept out of the party unless you have an invitation. 如果没有请柬，您是无法参加这个聚 会的。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 从句类型 从句引导词 例句 目的 状语 从句 so that, in order that The new company gave away lots of ads in order that people can get to know it. 这家新公司散发了大量广告以加强人 们对它的了解 。 让步 状语 从句 though/although, even if, whatever, wherever, whenever The whole library was in silence, although there were nearly 500 people reading in it. 尽管有将近 500人在看书 ， 但整座图书馆却寂静无声 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 从句类型 从句引导词 例句 原因 状语 从句 because, since, as, for Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都到齐了 ， 我们开 始开会吧 。 结果 状语 从句 so. . . that, such. . . that Yao Ming plays basketball so well that many Americans have also become his fans. 姚明篮球打得如此好以至于很多美国 人也成了他的粉丝 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 从句类型 从句引导词 例句 比较 状语 从句 than, as. . . as. . . , not as/so. . . as. . . Im as old as Bob. 我和鲍勃年龄一样大 。 地点 状语 从句 where, wherever Where there is a will, there is a way. 哪 里有希望 ， 哪里就有出路 。 （ 有志者 ， 事竟成 ） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 科目一考试 科目一模拟考试 仿真考试 最新试题 科目二考试 学车驾考科目二 技巧 视频 资料 Listening Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 状语从句的注意事项 1. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的时态 (1)如果主句使用一般将来时 ， 条件状语从句和时间状语从句 中使用一般现在时表示将来的 动作 Your dream must come true if you work hard. 如果努力 ， 你的梦想一定会实现 。 Im going to be an engineer when I grow up. 长大后我想成为一名工程师 。 (2)如果主句使用过去进行时 ， 时间状语从句中一般使用过去 时态 We were watching TV when my father got back. 爸爸回来时我们在看电视 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2. 时间状语从句中 not. . . until. . . （ 直到 才 ） 与 before/ after引导的从句的转换 。 I went to bed after I finished my homework. =I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 直到做完作业我才去睡觉 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3. 结果状语从句中的特殊句式 (1)祈使句 +and +简单句：祈使句 表示条件 ， and引导的简单句表示 在条件的基础上产生的良好结果 ， 前后句意统一 Eat more vegetables and less meat, and youll keep in good health. 多吃菜少吃肉 ， 你会保持健康的 。 (2)祈使句 +or+简单句：祈使句表 示条件 ， or引导的简单句表示在 违背条件的基础上可能产生的不 良后果 ， 前后句意对立 。 or在句 中表示 “ 否则 ” ， 可与 if引导的从 句进行替换 Keep quiet, or you wont hear what the teacher says. =Keep quiet, and you will hear what the teacher says. =If you dont keep quiet, you wont hear what the teacher says. 保持安静 ， 否则你 听不见老师在说什么 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (3)so. . . that. . . （ 如此 以至 于 ） 与 too. . . to. . . （ 太 而 不能 ） 和 not. . . enough to. . . （ 不足以 ） 句式的转换 He is so young that he cant look after himself. =He is too young to look after himself. =He is not old enough to look after himself. 他如此年轻以至于他不能照顾自己 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 考点二 宾语从句 一 、 在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫作宾语从句 。 二 、 宾语从句的四个考点： 时态 主句是现在时 ， 从句根据实际情况使用相应时态 主句是过去时 ， 从句使用过去时的某种形式 从句表示的是客观事实 、 真理 、 自然现象等时 ， 不管主句使用 什么时态 ， 从句都用一般现在时 语序 从句一律用陈述语序 ， 即主语 + 谓语 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 连接词 that在从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语时不能省略 what, when, where, how, whatever, whenever, wherever, who, whom, whose等特殊疑问词作连接词 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时 ， 连接词用 whether或 if， 表示是否 人称 一随主 ， 二随宾 ， 三不变 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【 温馨提示 】 当主句谓语动词为 think， suppose， guess, believe等词 ， 主语 为第一人称 ， 从句表达否定意义时 ， 形式上应否定主句 。 例如： I dont think that he is right. 我认为他不对 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 考点三 定语从句 一 、 基本构成 1. 定义：在复合句中作定语 ， 修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从 句叫作定语从句 。 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 ， 通常位于定 语从句之前 。 2. 句式：含有定语从句的复合句基本结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二 、 关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/ that which/that/省略 whose Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Do you know the girl who/ that has won the first prize in the singing competition? 你认识歌咏比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩吗 ？ Many laugh-making stars whose master is Zhao Benshan have become famous these years. 近年来很多师承赵本山的笑星成名了 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【 温馨提示 】 1. 以下情况只用 that： (1)先行词前有最高级 或序数词修饰 The Transformers is the greatest movie that I have ever seen. 变形金钢 是我看过的最棒的一部电影 。 The first gift that I got from Uncle Liu was a toy panda. 我从刘叔叔那里得到的第一件礼物是一只玩 具熊猫 。 (2)先行词前有 only， all, any， no， last， just， very等词修饰 Miss Yu seems to be the only teacher that can help us now. 现在可以帮助我们的老师好像只有于老师了 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (3)先行词是 something， anything， nothing， everything， little， few， many， all， no， none等 Is there anything that I can do for you? 我 可以为你做点什么 ？ (4)先行词既有人又有物 I love the schools and teachers that give me happiness. 我喜爱给我带来欢乐的学校和 老师 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2. 以下情况只用 who/ whom: (1)先行词是 anyone, anybody, one, ones, those等 Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 任何违法之人都将受到处罚 。 (2)在 there be结构中 ， 先行词指 人时 ， 关系代词用 who There are some boys who are playing basketball on the playground. 操场上有些 男孩在打篮球 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3. 以下情况只用 which： (1)引导词前有介词且先行词指 物 This is the house in which Im living. 这就是 我住的房子 。 (2)非限制性定语从句中 He bought a new computer, which can work faster and better. 他买了台新电脑 ， 这台电 脑可以工作得更快更好 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 三 、 关系副词的基本用法 用 法 例句 when表示时间 ， 在定语从句中作时 间状语 ， 其先行词是表示时间的名 词 （ year， season， day等 ） I still remember the days when we worked together. 我仍然记得我们在一起工作的日子 。 where表示地点 ， 在定语从句中作 地点状语 ， 其先行词是表示地点的 名词 （ place， school， room等 ） This is the school where we once studied. 这就是我们曾经学习过的学校 。 why表示原因 ， 在定语从句中作原 因状语 ， 其先行词只有表示原因的 reason一词 Can you tell me the reason why he hasnt come here? 你能告诉我他不来这儿的原因吗 ？ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【 巧学妙记 】 定语从句的用法 主句型 ， 从句型 ， 两种句子要完整 。 从句紧跟先行词 ， 关系词引导要弄清 。 定人要用 who或 whom， 定物 which当先用 。 关系代词用 that， 定人定物有本领 。 when用来定时间 ， where用来定地点 。 关系代词作成分 ， 唯作宾语可省略 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 单项选择 1. (2012达州中考 ) Do you enjoy My heart will go on? No, I prefer songs _ loud. A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are 【 解析 】 选 C。 由先行词 songs指物且在定语从句中作主语可知 关系代词为 that/which， 再由先行词为复数形式可知定语从句 的谓语为 are。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2. （ 2012六盘水中考 ） Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday? I think we will if we _ any classes. A. wont have B. didnt have C. dont have D. arent having 【 解析 】 选 C。 在 if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将 来 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3. (2012恩施中考 ) I dont know when _ tomorrow? I will call you as soon as he _. A. will he come; arrives B. he will come; arrives C. he will come; will arrive 【 解析 】 选 B。 when引导的宾语从句用陈述语序； as soon as 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来 ， 故选 B。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4. （ 2012达州中考 ） That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing. Do you know _? For 5 years. A. how soon he will come back B. how long he has stayed there C. how long has he stayed there D. how often does he go there 【 解析 】 选 B。 由宾语从句的语序为陈述语序可排除 C、 D； 再由答语是 for引导的时间状语可知宾语从句是 how long引导的 ， 故选 B。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 5. （ 2011广东中考 ） The first thing _ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. A. which B. that C. why D. who 【 解析 】 选 B。 在定语从句中若先行词是物且被序数词修饰时 关系代词用 that， 故选 B。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 6. (2011济南中考 ) Julie, do you know _ yesterday afternoon? By bus. I guess. A. when Mr. Green will get to Quancheng Square B. when will Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square C. how Mr. Green got to Quancheng Square D. how did Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square 【 解析 】 选 C。 考查宾语从句的用法 。 根据回答中的 By bus我们 可以判断是对交通方式的提问 。 A和 B选项中 when不符合句意； 又宾语从句须用陈述语序 ， 而 D选项为疑问语序 。 故选 C。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 7. （ 2011兰州中考 ） Jane is one of the students in the class _ have ever been to China. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 【 解析 】 选 A。 由先行词是 students， 且在定语从句中作主语 ， 因此用关系词 who。 故选 A。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 8. （ 2011山西中考 ） Mr. Li, I found a watch on the playground. You should try to find out _. A. whose is the watch B. who is the owner of the watch C. whom does the watch belong to 【 解析 】 选 B。 宾语从句应该用陈述语序 ， 故选 B。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 9. （ 2011宁波中考 ） What a new computer! Can you tell me _? Just the day before yesterday. A. how much you paid for it B. how much did you pay for it C. when you bought it D. when did you buy it 【 解析 】 选 C。 从句应用陈述语序 ， 故排除 B项和 D项；由答语 “ 前天 ” 知问的是时间： “ 你能告诉我什么时候买的吗 ? ”， 故 选 C。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 10. （ 2011广东中考 ） Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend. But nobody knows if it _. A. is fine; will rain B. will be fine; rains C. will be fine; will rain D. is fine; rains 【 解析 】 选 A。 第一个 if作 “ 如果 ” 讲 ， 引导条件状语从句 ， 从句用一般现在时表将来 。 第二个 if作 “ 是否 ” 讲引导宾语从 句 ， 可以用将来时 。 故选 A。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 11. （ 2011呼和浩特中考 ） Is there anyone here _ name is Betty? Sorry, I dont know. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 【 解析 】 选 D。 在定语从句中先行词 anyone是人且与 name之 间存在所属关系 ， 故用 whose。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 12. （ 2011临沂中考 ） The policeman asked the small girl _. A. why she was crying B. why was she crying C. why she is crying D. why is she crying 【 解析 】 选 A。 宾语从句用陈述语序 ， 再由主句是一般过去时 可确定从句时态为过去时 ， 故答案为 A项 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 13. （ 2011襄阳中考 ） Do you know the man _ is reading the book over there? Yes, hes Mr. Green, our PE teacher. A. which B. what C. whom D. who 【 解析 】 选 D。 先行词 the man 是人 ， 且在定语从句中作主语 ， 应用关系代词 who。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 14. （ 2011温州中考 ) Jack, could you tell me _? Sure. In the post office on Green Road. A. where you bought the stamps B. where did you buy the stamps C. when you bought the stamps D. when did you buy the stamps 【 解析 】 选 A。 由答语 In the post office on Green Road可知问 句中的宾语从句的引导词应当是对地点进行提问的 ， 由宾语从 句要用陈述语序可知选 A。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 15. （ 2011泰安中考 ） Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well play chess instead. A. will rain B. rained C. is raining D. rains 【 解析 】 选 D。 在 if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将 来 。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.