中考动词讲解和专练一

中考动词辅导策略与习题专练一、实义动词一理解基本用法，运用基本原理指导学习实践，做到有理可依、有据可循，实义动词在句中运用时，分谓语形式和非谓语形式。 1谓语形式：当某个实义动词或词组充当句子的谓语时，它的形式随语态、时态以及主语人称和数的变化而变化。细而言之：时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时原 形 或 三单 is/am/are过去分词一般过去时过去式 was/were 过去分词现在进行时is/am/are 现在分词 is/am/arebeing过去分词过去进行时was/were 现在分词 was/were being过去分词一般将来时will/ shall动原 will/shallbe 过去分词同上 be going to动原 be going tobe 过去分词过去将来时would/shoud动原 would/shoudbe过去分词 be going to动原 be going tobe过去分词现在完成时have/has过去分词 have/has been过去分词划线：助动词过去完成时had 过去分词 had been 过去分词同上含情态动词情态动词动原 情态动词be 过去分词2非谓语形式：不定式 意义：动词的非谓语形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作主语、宾语动词宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语常表示功能、状语。构成：不定式= to动词原形否定结构= not to do sth复合结构= for sb.not to do sth与疑问词连用：如what to do在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”：三看look see watch两听listen hear一感觉feel，注意notice使make让let have帮help可不省。形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，用it来代替它，而将真正的主语置于谓语之后，“it”叫形式主语。 动名词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前，表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等，起名词作用。作主语、宾语包括介词宾语和动词宾语、表语、定语常表示功能等。 构成：动名词=V+ing . 否定结构= not doing sth . 复合结构=one notdoing sth现在分词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作，表示主动。用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。过去分词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作。表示被动。 用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。3举例说明： .I want to give up studying at school to look after my sick mother at home. The teacher told us not to forget to turn off the lights when we left the room 3Look, There is a boy taking down a picture put upon the wall.二既要求同亦要寻异 凡法，做到共性与个性的统一。关于动名词的使用应注意： 1介词动名词 如：You can watch TV after fishing your homework. 2动词词组动名词 这样的动词有：give in doing 屈服做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事 practice doing 练习做某事enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 finish doing 做完某事complete doing 做完某事 end up doing 做完某事mind doing 介意做某事 spendindoing 花费时间做某事cant stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事be worth doing 值得做某事 appreciate doing 感激做某事avoid doing 避免做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事pay attention to doing 注意做某事 get used to doing 习惯做某事excuse doing 推辞做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事carry on doing 坚持做某事 make a contribution to doing 为做某事做贡献 look forward to doing盼望做某事 prefer doing to doing与做某事比更喜欢做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事stick doing 坚持做某事 take the leading position 站主导地位consider doing 考虑做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事miss doing 错过做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事risk doing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 做某事建议3.下列动词既可接不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同： .like/love/hatedoing：表示习惯 例：I like getting up early every morning. to do：表示具体活动 例：Can you come out to play with me ? Stopdoing：停止做某事某事不做了例：Please stop working if you are tired.to do：停下来去做某事某事要做例：I am tired to have a rest. go ondoing：继续做同一件事 例：Go on studying hard if you want to get better grades. to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he go on to go to college. .rememberdoing：记得做过的事 例：I remember seeing you somewhere.to do：记得要做的事 例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room. .forget doing：忘记做过的事 例：I forget seeing you somewhere to do：忘记要做的事 例：Dont forget to turn off the light when leaving the room .need/want/requiredoing：表示被动 例The blackboard needs cleaningThe blackboard needs to be cleaned.to do：表示主动 例：She needs to have a rest. .try doing：试着做某事 例：Let me try driving for you. to do：尽力做某事 例：We must try to finish it on time. .continuedoing：继续做同一件事 例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better grades.to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he .continue to go to college. .cant helpdoing：情不自禁做某事 例：when he heard the news,he cant help jumping.to do：不能帮助做某事 例：Sorry, I cant help to do it for you. .mean .doing：意思做某事 例：What I said means not telling him the news now. . to do：打算做某事 例：I mean to start off tomorrow.agree.on doing：对做某事表示同意 例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon. .to do：同意要做某事 例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday. .decide . on doing：对做某事做出决定 例：We have decided on stopping him from working on. to do：决定要做某事 例：I decide to go abroad for study.encourage.doing：鼓励做某事例：The government encourages planting trees to protect the environment.sb. to do：鼓励某人做某事 例：The teacher often encourages us to study hard. .allow.doing：允许做某事例：We dont allow smoking here.sb. to do：允许某人做某事做 例：We dont allow you to smoke here .advise.doing：建议做某事 例：We advise going skating tomorrow.sb. to do：建议某人做某事 例：We advise you to go skating tomorrow.permit.doing：允许做某事 例：The boss did not permit working for shorter.sb. to do：允许某人做某事 例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter. .begin/start 开始做某事 .doing：“doing” 为动态动词或begin/start为其它时态 例：Lets begin running. . to do：“do” 为静态动词或begin/start已为进行时 例：I began to believe what he had said. 例：It is beginning to rain.decide.on doing对做某事做出计划 例：We have decided on building a school next year.to do计划做某事 例：We have decided to build a school next year.I根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. It is a fine day. The sun _ (shine) brightly.2. They _ (visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.3. Mr Brown _ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.4. Mr Wang _(teach) us English two years ago.5. The Smiths _ ( watch) TV at this time last night.6. We _ (learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.7. Father said that he _ (buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.8. Bill isnt here. He _ (chat) with his friends in the classroom.9. The teacher said that the moon _ (go) round the earth.10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it _ (not rain) this Sunday.11. Listen! They _ (talk) about the new film.12. Jim asked us what _ (happen) in China in 1976.13. My mobile phone _ (steal) on a bus last week.14. The host _ (interview) the little boy just now.15. The Greens _ (watch) TV now.16. He said that he _ (ring) me up when he got there.17. We _ (learn) English for about three years.18. My brother_ (join) the League in 1997.19. The farmers _ (pick) apples when I saw them.20. The red skirt _ (cost) the girl forty yuan.21. The film _ (begin) when I got to the cinema.22. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she _(grow) up.23. My sister is a student and she _ (study) at a middle school nearby.24. Mr Green _ (travel) to several places in South China since he came here.25. You _ (catch) the early bus if you get up early.26. _you been_ (wear) glasses all the time?27. Ill go home as soon as I _ (finish) my homework.29. Most science books are _ (write) in English.30. I _ (stay) there for two months last year.II根据句意，选择填空。31. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she _. A. will arrive B. gets there C. has gone D. reach here32. -Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter? -I _ well last night. A. didnt sleep B. dont sleep C. havent slept D. wont sleep33. -Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking? -Sorry, I _ that. A. didnt see B. dont see C. wont see D. cant see34. -Well, I found this. I think it must be yours. -My watch! Thank you. Where _it. A. do you find B. had you found C. were you finding D. did you find35. -Don you know when Dr White _ for dinner this evening? -No, but I think he _ when he is free. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come36. Look at those black clouds. It _ rain. Lets hurry. A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to37. -Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. -Really? Where _ he _? A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go38. -Shall we go shopping now? -Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed C. am washing39. -I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. -Oh, I am sorry. I _ dinner at my friends home. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had40. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ thousands of visitors since 1995. A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract41. -_you _ your e-mails today? -Not yet. Theres something wrong with my computer. A. Have; checked B. Did; check C. Do; check D. Are; checking42. -How do you like Beijing, Mr Smith? -Oh, I _ such a beautiful city before. A. dont visit B. didnt visit C. havent visited D. hadnt visited43. -Tom, may I borrow your book Chicken Soup? -Sorry, I _ it to Mary. A. lent B. have lent C. had lent D. lend44. -Mum, may I go out to play football? -_you _ your homework yet? A. Have; finished B. Do; finished C. Are; finishing D. Did; finish45. -The train is leaving right now, but David hasnt arrived yet. -Well, he said he _here on time. A. came B. will be C. would come D. can be46. -Why didnt you go to the cinema yesterday? -Because I _ the film before. A. had seen B. have seen C. have watched D. has watched47. I dont think John saw me. He _ a book at that moment. A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read48. Mr Smith _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing49. Mr White _ the newspaper while his daughter _TV. A. has read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. reading; watched50. - I _ you at the meeting. Why? -I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didnt see