小学英语语法-代词

人民路小学英语语法特训学习之三( 代词)代词可分为十类，他们是：1）人称2） 物主3）反身4）相互5）指示6）不定7）疑问8）关系9）连接10）替代词分类 例词人称代词 I我 you你 he他 she她 they他们 me我（宾格）you你（宾格）him他（宾格）her她（宾格）them他们（宾格）物主代词 my我的 his他的 your你的（your你们的） their他们的 her她的指示代词 this这 that那 these这些 those 那些反身代词myself我自己 himself他自己 themselves他们自己疑问代词who谁 what什么 which哪个不定代词some一些 many许多 both两个；两个都关系代词which的物 who的人 that的人或物 who谁 that引导定语从句相互代词 each other 互相 one another互相连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever替代词one（单数），ones（复数） 用于替代前面出现的同类事物一、人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：单数单数复数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou他hehimtheythem她shehertheythem它itittheythem不定oneoneonesones如：He is my friend.他是我的朋友。Its me.是我。代词的用法：1) 人称代词：表示 我，你，他，我们，你们，他们等 的词叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称，数和格之分。人称代词可用作主语，表语，宾语以及介词。I am a worker,I work in the factory.我是一个工人，我在工厂工作。You are a good teacher.你是一位优秀教师。She is a little girl.她是一个小女孩。Its a heavy box,I cant carry it.这是一个重盒子，我搬不动。Its me. Open the door quickly.是我，快开门。Dont tell him about it.不要告诉他这件事情。She is always ready to help us.她随时都在准备帮助我们。Our teacher is very strict with us.我们的老师对我们很严格。人称代词中几个注意的情况：第一人称单数代词 I（我） 不论在什么地方都要大写。I study English every day.我天天学习英语。 we 常常代替 I 表示一种同读者，听众或观众之间的亲密关系。We shall do our best to help the poor.我们将尽全力帮助贫困者。 she 常常代替国家，城市，宠物等，表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。I live in China。She is a great country.我住在中国。她是一个伟大的国家。 it 有时也可指人。Its me. Open the door,please.是我，请开门。 they 有时代替一般人.They say you are good at computer.他们说你精通计算机。2) 物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下。我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词可用作定语，例如：I love my country.我热爱我的国家。Is this your car?这是你的汽车吗?Some one is looking for you,his name is Tom.有人找你，他的名字是汤姆。名词性的物主代词可用作主语，宾语，表语以及与of 连接的定语。Li Huas bike is red,and yours is green.李华的自行车是红色的，而你的是绿色的。That car is mine,not yours.那辆汽车是我的，不是你的。These books are ours.这些书是我们的。Whose bag is it? Its hers.这是谁的书包? 是她的。Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。反身代词：表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一，二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 -self （复数加 -selves )构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加 - self （复数加 - selves ) 构成。第一人称第二人称第三人称第三人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesthemselvesthemselves反身代词的用法：反身代词可用作宾语，表语，主语的同位语和宾语的同位语。用作同位语时表示强调本人，自己。I am teaching myself computer.我自学计算机。Take good care of yourself.把自己照顾好。The child himself drew this picture.孩子自己画的这张画。You should ask the children themselves.你应该问一问孩子们自己。指示代词：表示这个，那个，这些，那些以及it,such,same等词叫做指示代词。指示代词在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。That is a red car.那是一辆红色汽车。What do you like? I like this.你喜欢什么? 我喜欢这个。I should say I know that.我应该说我知道这件事情。指示代词的用法：this 和 these 表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。This is a book.这是一本书。These are cars.这些是汽车。I am busy these days.我这些日子很忙。that 和those 表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。That is not a room.那不是一间房间。Those are trees.那些是树。that 和those 还可以指前文中的事物，this 和 these 指下文中将要讲到的事物。他们起一种承上或启下的作用。I got up late,thats why I missed the bus.我起床迟了，这就是为什么我没赶上汽车。疑问代词 :表示“谁（who），谁 (whom），谁的（whose），什么（what），哪个或哪些 (which）”等词叫疑问代词。疑问代词的用法：疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，疑问代词一般放在句子的最前面，在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语，定语。Who is here just now?刚才谁在这儿?Whom are you looking for?你在找谁?Whose exercise-book is this?这是谁的练习本?What is this?这是什么?Which one do you like,this one or that one?你喜欢哪一个，这个还是那个?疑问代词还可以引导一个间接疑问句，也就是一个从句。疑问代词在句中可用作从句的主语，宾语，表语等成分。What we should do is still unknown.我们该干什么仍然还不知道。I know whom he is looking for.我知道他在找谁。关系代词：关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词。关系代词有 who,whose,whom,that,which. 它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语. 在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。This is the students whose name is Wang Hua.这就是名叫王华的学生。This is the man who helped me yesterday.这个男人昨天帮了我。不定代词：没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词，常用的不定代词如下：all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由 some,any,no,every 和 body,one,thing 构成的复合词。不定代词的用法：不定代词代替名词或形容词.在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语和定语。Everybody should be here in time tomorrow.明天大家都要按时到。I know nothing about it.这件事情我一点都不知道。Thats all I know.这就是我知道的。I go to school everyday.我每天去学校上学。不定代词的具体用法：any：一些，任何。any 多用作否定或疑问句中，any 在句中作主语，宾语，定语。any作定语时，它所修饰的名词没有单复数限制，一般多用复数，any 用在肯定句中，表示任何。Do you have any books?你有书吗?You can come any time.你什么时候都可以来。some：一些，某些，某个。some 多用在肯定句中，表示邀请或者对方可能给予肯定回答的疑问句中等。There are a lot of flowers in the garden,some are white,which I like very much.花园里有许多花，一些是白色的，我特别喜欢。I am going to get some ink.我去弄点墨水。Will you have some coffee,please?喝点咖啡吗？She knows no English.她根本就不懂英语。I have no bike.我就没有自行车。None 既可以指人也可以指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指复数名词时，则谓语可用单数（较正式），也可以用复数（非正式语体）如：None of the milk can be used.None of the films is/are worth seeing.many：许多.在句中作主语，宾语，定语. many 在句中代替可数名词。Many of the students like English very much.许多学生非常喜欢英语。I have many books to give you.我有许多书要给你。much：许多。在句中作主语，宾语，定语。much 在句中代替不可数名词。There is not much ink in the bottle.瓶子里没多少墨水了。a few,a little,few,little.：几个，一点儿，没几个，没多少。它们在句中作主语，宾语，定语，其中 a few 和 few 代替可数名词，a little和 little 代替不可数名词，它们表示少量，不多，几个，只是主观上的一种相对说法，并没有具体的数量标准。Few of the books are cheap now.现在没几本儿书是便宜的。A few friends came to see me yesterday.昨天有几个朋友来看我。I have a little money to buy the book.我的这点钱能买这本书。There is little water in the thermos.暖水瓶没多少水了。二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs如：I like his car.我喜欢他的小汽车。Our school is here，and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。三、 指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。如：That is a good idea.那是个好主意。指示代词（demonstrative pronoun）是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义。指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：单数复数限定词：This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.代词：This is Mary.Those are my teachers.四、 表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为反身代词。如：She was talking to herself.她自言自语。五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。如：They love each other.他们彼此相爱。六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：- Do you have a car?-你有一辆小汽车吗？- Yes，I have one.-是的，我有一辆。- I dont know any of them.他们，我一个也不认识。七、 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）如：Tell me who he is.告诉我他是谁。八、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。如：He is the man whom you have been looking for.他就是你要找的那个人。1. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than _ in Shenyang.A. thatB. ItC. thisD. one 2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. _comes from U. S. A.A. heB. sheC. itD. they3. My bike is broken. May I borrow_?A. youB. yourselfC. yoursD. your4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_-.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little bit5. Would you like some tea or coffee? _. Thanks, Ive had enough.A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. both6. I bought _ exercise books with _ money.A. a few, a fewB. a few, a littleC. a little, a fewD. a little, a little7. I made the cake by _. Help _, Tom.A. ourselves, yourselfB. myself, yourselfC. myself, youD. me, him8. Enjoy_, May and Mary.A. yourselfB. myselfC. yourselvesD. themselves9. _ house is this ?Its mine.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhoseD. Whose10. She is a student and _ name is Mary.A. sheB. herC. hersD. his11. She will go skating and I will do _.A. suchB. sameC. the same asD. the same12. _ is he?He is a bus driver.A. who B. whichC. thatD. what13. _ hat is this?Its _.A. Whose, meB. Who, mineC. Whom, hisD. Whose, mine14. The population of China is larger than _ of Japan.A. oneB. itC. thatD. those15. Li Li is clever than _ in his class.A. anybodyB. anyone elseC. else anyoneD. somebody else16. _ like music.A. Both of themB. Both of theyC. The both girlsD. Both them17. Could you give me some ink?Sorry, I have_ in my bottle.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little18. He has _ to tell us.A. something importantB. important somethingC. anything usefulD. useful nothing19. Would you like _ coffee? Yes, Id like _.A. any, anyB. some, someC. some, anyD. any, some20. _ of the teachers are ok in our school.A. everyB. eachC. eitherD. all21. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, _ are from the USA.A. two othersB. the other tooC. another twoD. the both22. Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee?I dont mind. _ is ok.A. EitherB. NeitherC. AnyD. Both23. Help _ to some chicken, boys and girls.A. youB. yoursC. yourselfD. yourselves24. What do you usually have for breakfast?_ milk and _ eggs. A. Little, a littleB. A few, fewC. A little, a fewD. A few, a little25. Who taught _ history last year?Nobody! He learned it _.A. him, himselfB. his, himselfC. himself, himselfD. his, him26. There isnt _ paper here. Will you go and get _for me?A. any, anyB. any, someC. much, manyD. many, much27. The farmer is busy because hes so _ sheep to keep and so _ work to do.A. much, manyB. many, muchC. many, a lotD. a lot, much28. On _ side of the river therere many tall trees.A everyB. allC. bothD. each29. Whose photo is this?Its _.A. meB. mineC. myD. myself30. Who is playing the piano in the next room?_ is Li Pings brother.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. He 31. The old man has two sons, but _ of them lives with him.A. bothB. noneC. neitherD. all32. You have more apples than I, but _ are bigger than_.A. my, yourB. my, yoursC. mine, yourD. mine, yours33. There is _ meat at home. Would you please go and buy_?A. some, a littleB. a little, anyC. little, someD. little, any34. My parents are workers. _ both work in the same factory.A. themB. theyC. heD. she35. Can you come on Friday or Saturday?Im afraid _ day is possible.A. eitherB. sameC. nayD. neither36. He cant hear you, because there is _ noise here.A. very muchB. too muchC. much tooD. so many37. All of us were invited, but _ of us came.A. neitherB. noneC. bothD. any38. There isnt _ water in the cup.A. anyB. manyC. someD. the 39. We have _ sugar. Really? Lets go and buy some.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little40. There isnt _ milk in the fridge. Youd better buy some.A. noB. anyC. someD. a few41. Help_ to some meat, Mary.A. themselvesB. ourselvesC. yourselfD. himself42. Though they had cleaned the door, there was still _ water on it.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few43. The old man kept one black dog and two white_.A. oneB. onesC. thoseD. ones44. _ of us has read the newspaper, so we know nothing about it.A. someB. bothC. noneD. all45. He is not a kind- hearted man, _ people can get on well with him.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little46. Im old enough to wash _ clothes. You should wash _, too.A. my, yourB. mine, yoursC. my, yourD. your, my47. Its too hot. Give _ a bottle of orange.A. mineB. heC. herD. our48. When shall we meet again?_ day is OK.A. eitherB. neitherC. noneD. any49. Which of the two books will you buy?Ill buy _, so I can give one to Joe.A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. both50. The girls are crying. _ cant find _ mother.A. She, herB. They, themC. They, theirD. They, her答案：1-5 A A C C B6-10 B B C C B11-15 D D D C B16-20 A D A B D 21-25 B A D C A 26-30 B B D B 31-35 C D C B D36-40 B B A C B41-45 C B B C A46-50 C C D D C