初二英语知识点

初二英语知识点（上）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. on time 2. best wishes 3. give a talk 4. for example 5. short for6. a waste of time7. go on a field trip8. go fishing9. I agree10. next week11. the day after tomorrow12. have a picnic13. have some problems doing sth.14. go the wrong way15. hurry up16. get together17. in the open air18. on Mid-Autumn Day19. come over20. have to 21. get home 22. agree with 23. in the country24. in town 25. all the same26. in front of27. on the left/right side28. next to 29. up and down30. keep healthy31. grow up32. at the same time33. the day before yesterday35. last Saturday36. half an hour ago37. a moment ago38. just now39. by the way40. all the time41. at firstII. 重要句型1. have fun doing sth. 2. Why dont you?3. Were going to do sth.4. start with sth.5. Why not? 6. Are you going to?7. be friendly to sb.8. Youd better do sth.9. ask sb. for sth.10. say goodbye to sb.11. Good luck(with sb)!III. 交际用语1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me. Im sorry Im late, because the traffic is bad. 3.It doesnt matter.4.Happy Teachers Day !5.Thats a good idea.6.What are you going to do？7.Where are we going ?8.What are we going to do ? 9.Im good at10.Its not far from11. Are you free tomorrow evening?12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?13.Im glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking us.15.How about another one?16.May I have a taste?17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have to do?19.Do you live on a farm?20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.-Lets make it half past one. -OK.24.-Why not come a little earlier? -All right.25.Excuse me. Wheres the nearest post office, please?26.Its over there on the right.27.Im sorry I dont know.28.Youd better29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take?31.Go along this road.32.What day was it yesterday?33.Im sorry to hear that.34.I hope youre better now.35.Why did you call me?36.I called to tellIV. 重要语法1.be going to的用法；2.形容词的比较级、最高级；3.形容词和副词的比较4.一般过去时【名师讲解】1. on the street / in the street表示“在街上”时，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。2. would like / like would like 和 like含义不同。like 意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。试比较： I like beer.=Im fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。 Id like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。 Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗？ Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗？3. another / the other(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。 例如：May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。 (2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如：He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。I have two brothers. One works in Xian . The other works in Beijing. 我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。4. have to /must (1)have to和 must 都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务，常用have to。例如：I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。（自己想戒烟）They have to work for the boss.他们不得不为那个老板工作。（条件逼得他们去工作） (2)have to 可用于多种时态，must 只能用于一般现在时。例如：Ill have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。 (3)用于否定句时，mustnt意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而dont have to意思是“不必”，相当于neednt。例如： You mustnt be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。 You dont have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow. 你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。6. any /someany和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：I want some money. 我想要点钱。Have you any money? 你有钱吗？I dont have any money. 我一点钱也没有。some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗？7. hear /listen tolisten to 和hear 都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作，hear 强调“听”的结果。例如： Listen to me ,please! Im going to tell you a story. 请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。 Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 听！你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗？ I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。例如： I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。 I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。 8. Lets /Let usLets 和Let us 都表示“让我们”, 如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us的附带问句要用will you。例如： Lets go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗？9. take/ bring/ carry /get这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring意为“带来”，“拿来”, get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调方向，带有负重的意思。试比较：My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。Im going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来。Ill bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。The waiter carried the me to the table服务员把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那个包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。 10. far away /faraway (1)far away是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些离得很远，有些离得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。 (2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，可以在句中作定语。例如：He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一个遥远的小山村。11. find / look forfind和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。find 强调“找”的结果，而look for 强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。Im looking for my watch, but cant find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。另外，find还有“发现”；“感到”等意思。例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。12. in front of /in the front ofIn front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范围内。试比较：My seat is in front of Marys.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。【考点扫描】1. be going to的用法；2. 形容词的比较级、最高级；3. 形容词和副词的比较4. 一般过去时5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；6. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。【中考范例】1. (2004年烟台市中考试题) In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll make. A. carefully, little B. more carefully, fewest C. more careful, fewer D. more careful, less【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词careful的比较级，因为它在句中作表语，第二个空应填few的比较级，因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。2. (2004年河北省中考试题) Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful B. as carefully as C. carefully D. as careful as【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词，因为它修饰的是动词does。该题用的是not as+副词+as的结构，所以答案应是B。3. (2004年重庆市中考试题) That day I saw some parents _ at the back of the classroom, _ to the teacher. A. sitting, listened B. sat, listened C. sitting, listening D. sat, listening【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是see sb. doing sth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空stting在句中作saw的宾语补足语，第二个空listening做伴随状语。4. (2004年杭州市中考试题) You _ open the door before the train gets into the station. A. dont have to B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。dont have to和neednt的意思都是“不必”，may not的意思是“可以不”，只有mustnt表示“不许”，“禁止”。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. Welcome back _school.A. in B. at C. to D. on2. Miss Gao is our new Chinese teacher _.A. in this term B. this termC. on this term D. that term3. -Im sorry Im late.-_.A. OK B. It doesnt matterC. All right D. Thank you4. Li Mu and Jill are talking _where they are going. A. about B. to C. with D. for5. There is very _food in the house.A. a few B. little C. a little D. few6. Youd better take a raincoat _you.A. to B. with C. on D. for7. The children are going to the Great Wall _a field trip.A. to B. with C. on D. for8. Im_hungry. May I have a mooncake?A. a little B. little C. a few D. few9. Im still hungry. Id like _one.A. other B. another C. an other D. the other10.The moon looks _than the sun, but in fact the sun is _than the moon.A. big; big B. bigger; bigger C. small; small D. smaller; smaller11. I can see them_football on the playground.A. play B. playing C. to play D. are playing12. Ji Wei runs_than I.A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest13. I think steamed bread is _ hamburger.A. more delicious than B. most delicious than C. more delicious to D. most delicious to14. -What are you going to do this afternoon?-_. Im free.A. To do my homework B. To clean my houseC. To do some shopping D. Nothing much15. -May I speak to Jack?-_. Whos that?A. Im Jack B. That is JackC.This is Jack speaking D. Im Jack speaking16. -Why not _ and see the play?-Good idea.A.go B. going C. to go D. goes17. Its cold outside. Please keep the door_.A. close B. closing C. closes D. closed18. My home is about two hundred metres_our school.A. from B. far from C. away D. to19. There are some apple trees _her house.A. in the front of B. at the back of C. in the middle of D. at the front of20. Which floor do you _?A. live B. live on C. live at D. live in二. 完形填空 The Xingqing Palace Park（兴庆宫公园）is _1_ park in Xian._2_ Saturdays or Sundays, children like _3_ there _4_ their parents. There they can play games. There is a lake and a hill in the park. Today is Sunday. Many children are playing in the park. Look! Some children _5_ on the lake. They are good _6_ it. Is the boat _7_ a chicken? No. It looks like a duck. Some boys are playing _8_ football on the grass(草地)。A few boys _9_the hill over there. All the children are having a good time. They think playing in the park is_10_ than having classes at school.1.A. bigger B. the biggest C. smaller D. the smaller2.A. In B. On C. At D. With3.A. walking B. going C. running D.flying4.A. with B. for C. on D. in5.A. is swimming B. is boating C. are running D. are boating6.A. In B. with C. from D. at7.A. look B. likes C. looks D. like8.A. a B. / C. an D. the 9.A. are running B. are walking C. are climbing D. are jumping10.A. little better B. much better C. many better D. the best三. 阅读理解 (A) Mark Twain is traveling to Dijon by train. He wants to sleep very much, so he asks the conductor(服务员)to wake him up when the train gets to Dijon. The he goes to sleep. Later, when wakes up, it is early the next morning and the train has got to Paris. He knows at once that the conductor doesnt wake him up at Dijon. He is very angry. He runs up to the conductor and says, “Why didnt you wake me up and put me off the train at Dijon? I am very angry about it!” The conductor smiles and looks at him, “Another American is more angry than you. But you cant see him now. I put him off the train at Dijon last night.”根据短文内容，判断下列各句的正误：正确的答“A”，错误的答“B”。1 Mark twain asks the conductor to wake him up in Paris.2 The train got to Dijon at night.3 Mark Twain was very angry with the conductor.4 The conductor made a mistake（错误）. He put another American off the train at Dijon.5 Mark Twain cant see that American because the American doesnt like him. (B)The worst tourist in the world is Nicholas Scotti of San Francisco . Once he flew from the US to his home town in Italy to see someone at home. The plane made a one-hour stop to get oil at Kennedy Airport of New York. As he thought he had arrived home, Mr Scotti got off the plane. He thought he was in Rome .When nobody was there to meet him, Mr Scotti thought maybe they were held up by heavy traffic. While looking for their addresses, Mr Scotti found that the old Rome had changed a lot. Many old buildings were replaced by high modern ones.He also found that many people spoke English instead of Italian and that many street signs were written in English.Mr Scotti knew very little English, so he asked a policeman(in Italian) the way to the bus station. He happened to meet a policeman who was also born in Italy and answered him in the same language.After twelve hours traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a second policeman. He asked the policeman why the Rome police employed so many people as policemen speaking English of Italian.To get him on a plane back to San Francisco, He was sent to the airport in a police car with sirens(警报) on. Look, said Scotti to his interpreter , I know Im in Italy. Thats how they drive.1. When Mr Scotti arrived at the airport, nobody met him because _.A. he was in New York B. he was in RomeC. policemen could help him D. he was in an Italian city2. In what direction (方向) did the plane fly when Mr Scotti went to Italy from the US?A. To the east. B. To the south.C. To the west D. To the north.3. Why was Mr Scotti so sure that he was in Rome?A. Because he traveled a lot.B. Because he knew little about the US.C. Because he knew little about Italy.D. Because he didnt travel much.4. At last Mr Scotti _.A. knew he did something wrong B. still thought he was C. knew he was wrong D. knew he was home5. Do you think many people do the same thing as Mr Scotti did?A. Nobody but Mr Scotti made this kind of mistake.B. Many people make this kind of mistake.C. Few people make this kind of mistake.D. 50% of people will make the same mistake. (C)My wife and I stayed in London for a few weeks last year. We went there in the autumn. We think it is the best season to visit England. The weather is usually quite good and there are not too many visitors in October.We stayed in a small restaurant in the West End. We did most of our sightseeing on foot. We went to look at all the places. We went shopping and spent too much money. We liked going to the theatre . We dont have the chance to see such good plays (戏剧) at home. A lot of people say English food is very bad. We didnt think so. Most of the restaurants are French or Chinese, but we had some very good meals.We enjoyed our holiday very much. We want to go there again this year. We are going to take our umbrellas . Im sure well need them sometimes.1. “We went shopping and spent too much money” means _.A. they didnt enjoy shopping and spent too much moneyB. prices were high in EnglandC. there were so many good things in the shops and they bought a lotD. they liked to go shopping with lots of money2. They didnt have the chance to see such good plays_.A. in their small restaurant B. in their home townC. in France D. in England3. You can get _ in a restaurant.A. meals B. clothes C. books D. cakes4. Im sure well need umbrellas sometimes because_.A. umbrellas can be very good presents for their friends in LondonB. it often rains in LondonC. the English people like to bring umbrellas with themD. the English people protect (保护) themselves with umbrella5. The two visitors came from_.A. England B. FranceC. America D. a country we dont know 四. 根据所给汉语完成下列英语句子1. Yesterday afternoon Miss Li came here _ (向你道歉).2. I did everything _ (他要求我做的).3. We saw the old scientist _ (在花园里散步) just now.4. My grandpa has _ (好记忆). He can remember many things.5. Do you know who _ (发明了机器人)？6. I find _ (记住这些单词很难).7. I enjoy _ (吃大肉).8. Dont stand _ (一直). Please give me a hand.9. Wang Zheng _ (出身在)a workers family.10. _ (祝你们好运), all the boys.初二英语知识点（中）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. give a concert2. fall down3. go on4. at the end of5. go back6. in ahurry7. write down8. come out9. all the year round10. later on 11. at times 12. ring sb. up 13. Happy New Year! 14. have a party 15. hold on16. hear from17. be ready 18. at the moment19. take out 20.the same as21. turn over22. get-together23. put on24. take a seat25. wait for26. get lost27. just then28. first of all29. go wrong30. make a noise31. get on32. get off33. stand in line34. at the head of35. laugh at36. throw about37. in fact38. at midnight39. enjoy oneself40. have a headache41. have a cough42. fall asleep43. again and again 44. look over45. take exerciseII. 重要句型1. be good for sth.2. I think 3. I hope4. I love5. I dont like6. Im sure7. forget to do sth.8. take a message for sb.9. give sb. the message 10. help yourself to sth.11. be famous for sth.12. on ones way to13. make ones way to14. quarrel with sb.15. agree with sb.16. stop sb. from doing sth.III. 交际用语1.Whats the weather like today?2.Its cold, but quite suuny.3.How cold it is today!4.Yes, but itll be warmer later on.5.Shall we make a snowman?6.Ok. Come on!7.Happy New Year!8.May I speak to Ann, please?？9.Hold on, please.10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.11.Ok. But Im afraid I may be a little late.12.Can I take a message for you? 13.Thats OK. It doesnt matter. 14.Im very sorry, but I cant come.15.Im sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday!17.Would you like .? Would you like to .?18.Do you think .? Yes, I think so. / No, I dont think so.19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, dont really agree. I really cant agree.20.There are a few / a lot of . / on it.21.So do we.22.Im happy you like it.23.Which is the way to ., please? 24.Turn right/left at the . crossing. 25.Go on until you reach .26.How can I get to .? Go down/up/along this road.27.Whats the matter?28.Itll take you half an hour to . 29.Wed better catch a bus. 30.It may be in . Ah, so it is31.You must be more careful!32.You mustnt cross the road now.33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.34.Please stand in line.35.You must wait for your turn.36.If you dont go soon, youll be late.37.I dont feel very well.38.My head hurts.39.You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor.40.Whats the trouble?41.Whats the matter with?42.She didnt feel like eating anything.43.Nothing serious.44.Have/get a pain in45.No problem.46.Take this medicine three times a day.IV. 重要语法1. 一般过去时；2. 反意疑问句的用法；3. 一般将来时；4. 感叹句；5. 简单句的五种基本句型；6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。【名师讲解】1. above/ over/ on 这三个介词都表示“在之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。试比较：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。类似的词还有：remember, regret等。3. hope/wishhope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下：(1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。 I hope youll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。I wish the weather was