初二英语被动语态

初二英语被动语态专练一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、初二被动语态的时态较常见的六种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）三、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。如：The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。如：The room hasnt been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。4、表示客观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词”句型。如：It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的“It is + 过去分词+ that”句型还有：It is reported that据报道It is said that据说It is believed that大家相信It is suggested that有人建议四、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。 如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom.(2)将动词改为“be+过去分词”。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。(3)将主动语态的主语改为by放在谓语动词后。 注意： 如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 如：He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：(1)主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”的单词，变为被动句时，通常删去“by”，但原主语被强调 时除外。如：They set up this hospital in 1975.This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。(2)含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。如：Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等。下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，have如：An accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。An accident happened yesterday.（）The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。This book sells well.这本书畅销。六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）1一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）如：English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。2一般过去时(was/ were +done)如：The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。3一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done； would/should be +done)如：A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done；was/ were being +done)如：The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时机器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。5现在完成时(have/ has been + done)如：Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。6过去完成时(had been+done)如：They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说他们已经被邀请参加晚会She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。一般现在时被动语态专练（一）结构式：a.肯定句：主语+ am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg .English is studied (by us ) every day. b.否定句：主语+ am / is / are + not + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg. English is not studied (by us ) every day. c.疑问句：Is English not studied (by us ) every day.? d.特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+ am / is / are +主语+动词的过去分词+ 其他?一把主动语态变成被动语态。1. He cleans the room every Sunday.2. Farmers grow rice in the south .3. People in England speak English 4. We play football on the playground every afternoon.5. Do you often watch TV at home in the evening ?6. She doesnt finish her homework 7. They dont read that book.8. Where do they watch basketball match every week?9. What does Tom study?10. When do you listen to music?二 把被动语态变成主动语态。1. keys are used for locking .(we)2. Football is played .(the students)3. Desks are made of wood .(workers)4. Chinese isnt had in the classroom.(the teacher) 5. Is this book read every day?6. Where are bikes made (they)?7. What is done ?(Lucy)8. Are the pens made in the factory?(you )9. English isnt spoken by people in China.10. We are given some money (they).一般过去时被动语态专练（二）结构式：a.肯定句：主语+ was /were+ 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg .English was studied (by us ) every day. b.否定句：主语+ was /were+ not + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg. English was not studied (by us ) every day. c.疑问句：Was English not studied (by us ) every day.? d.特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+was /were +主语+动词的过去分词+ 其他?一 把主动语态变成被动语态1. We built this library last year.2. I watched TV yesterday evning.3. He passed me a book .4. She heard me sing in the next room .5. They didnt finish his homework yesterday6. Did you play football on the playground yesterday?7. Where did you fly a kite ?8. When did they read this book?9. What did you use it for ?10. He asked me not to go there.二 被动语态变成主动语态。1.The baby was looked after by his mother .2.Was he given any bananas?( I )3.Where were these bikes made by workers ?4.Basketball wasnt played on the playground .( the students )5.Iwas heard to sing in the next room .(Tom)6.That tall building was built three years ago.(workers)7.Were your homework finished yesterday ?8.Planes werent made in the factory.(加主语)9When were those machines produced?(we)10.The teachers werent listened to by the students . 一般将来时被动语态专练（三）结构式：(1.) a.肯定句：主语+ will/ shall+ be+ 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg .English will be studied (by us ) next year. b.否定句：主语+ will/ shall+ not+be + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+其他 eg. English will not be studied (by us ) next year. c.疑问句：Will English be studied (by us ) next year.?d.特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+will/ shall +主语be +动词的过去分词+ 其它。( 2) a.肯定句:主语+is /are / am going to + be+动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg .English is going to be studied (by us ) next year.b.否定句:主语+is / am / are going to+ not +be +动词过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+其他eg. English is not going to be studied (by us ) next year. c.疑问句:Is English going to be studied (by us ) next year.?d.特殊句What/Where/When+is/are/am+ 主语 + be+主语+动词的过去分词+ 其它。一把主动语态变成被动语态：1. He will draw a picture tomorrow.2. We are going to clean the classroom .3. She wont watch TV this evening.4.Are you going to cleaned the classroom this afternoon?5.Where are you going to play football?6.We shant borrow that radio.7. I am not going to see the film.二.被动语态变成主动语态。1.That school wont built next year.2.He will be given some apples .3.Will the bike be mended by the worker .4.Where will the factory be built?5.The book will be written by her.6.IS he going to be passed pen by me .7.Chineses isnt going to be studied by Tom.8.Iwill be asked to see the film by teacher.现在完成时被动语态专练（四）构式:a.肯定句：主语+ 结have / has+ been + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg .English has been studied (by us ) for three years. b.否定句：主语+ have /has + not +been+ 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg. English hasnt been studied (by us ) for three years. c.疑问句:Has English been studied (by us ) for three years.? d.特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+ hav /has +主语+动词的过去分词+ 其他?一把主动语态变成被动语态：1. .He has already read this book.2. I havent seen this film.3. They have finished their homework.4.How long has she watched TV?5.Where have you seen my history book?6.She has never played basketball.7.He has taught English since 1990.8.Has she washed her clothes?9.We have learnt about five hundred new words.二.被动语态变成主动语态。1. This book has already been written by luXuen .2. Her homework never been finished .3. How long has this film been seen?4. Our classroom has been cleaned by the students.5. Where has the sports meeting been held?6. The baby hasnt looked after by his mother.7. Have your bike found by your? 8. He has played this games since he was a child.9. How many rulers has he had ?现在进行时被动语态专练（五）结构式：a. 肯定句：主语+ is /am /are + being + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg .English is being studied (by us ) now b. 否定句：主语+ is/ am /are + being + not + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg. English is being not studied (by us )now c.疑问句：Is English being studied (by us )now?c. 特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+is /am /are +主语+being+动词的过去分词+其他一.把主动语态变成被动语态：1. He is watching TV at home now.2. She isnt looking after her baby now.3. Are they doing their homework in the classroom now? .4. Where are you listening to the music ?5. What is she doing in the classroom?6. Kate is cleaning the desks .7. You are speaking Chinese now .8. Tom is helping me to study English.二.被动语态变成主动语态。1. We are telling the story.2. Those buildings arent being built by the workers3. Are you being looked after by your mother?4. What is being done by you ?5. Is he being listened to by your students?6. Football is being played by them.7. Where is basketball match being had ?8. Computer games arent being playing by that boy.情态动词的被动语态专练（ 六）结构式：a.肯定句：主语+ can/must /may+be+ 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg .English can be studied (by us ) now b.否定句：主语+ can /must may+ not+be + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg. English can not be studied (by us )now c.疑问句Can English be studied (by us )now? d.特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+can /may /must +主语+be+动词的过去分词其他?一.把主动语态变成被动语态：1. He can make some machines.2. We mustnt draw a picture on the public wall.3. Can you help me clean the blackboard?4. Where can they watch TV?5. How many desks can we mend ?6. Must I finish my homework now?7. She cant answer my question.8. .What can you do ?二.被动语态变成主动语态。1. These chairs may be made in China by the workers,2. May I be help to clean the windows?3. English can be used widely by people in China.4. The blackboard cant cleaned by you now.5. Where must Chinese be studied by him.6. What can be done?7. This letter must be written by her.8. A book cant be lost by the little boy. 一选择填空 1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place 3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out 4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die 5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken 9. The letter _ three days ago and it _ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived 10. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given 11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on 13. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for 16. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked 17. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. A. have been sold , get nothing B. has been sold , get nothing C. has been sold , get some D. have been sold , get some 18. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you go in and see it ? A. is being shown B. is showing C. is shown D. shows 19. Can you tell _ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happened C. when it happened D. when it was happened 20. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ? Tell me the truth , please. A. Has finished B. Has being finished C. Is finish D. Has been finished二. 用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空 1. When _ the first man-made satellite _ (send) up into space ? 2. Last year vegetables _ (grow)in the garden by Tom and he _ (sell)them himself. 3. She _ (help) him with his homework tomorrow evening. 4. How many magazines _ (can borrow) in your library every week ? 5. John _ (hear) to go upstairs two hours ago. 6. Who _ (save)her father ? He _ (save)by that policeman. 7. The doctor _ (send for) because his grandpa was ill. 8. Mooncakes _ (make) by his mother every year. _ your mother _ (make)mooncakes for you every year ? 9. Some toys _ (buy) as a presents for these children last Monday. 10. _ paper _ (make) of wood ? 三. Correct these sentences. (改正下列句子) 1. This house built 100 years ago. 2. Football plays in most countries of the world. _ 3. Why did the letter send to the wrong address? _ 4. A garage is a place where cars repair. _ 5. Where are you born? _ 6. How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? _ 7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen. _ 8. When was invented the bicycle? _四. 填空(完成被动语态填空) 1. They often clean their classroom after school. (改为被动语态) Their classroom _often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week. (同上) A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week. 3. A lot of people in China can speak English now. (同上) English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. (同上) English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. (同上) These story-books _ _ _ next month. 一. 15 BCBAC 610 ACDBD 1115 DBDAC 1620 ABACD二. 1. was sent 2. were grown , sold 3. will help 4. can be borrowed 5. was heard 6. saved , was saved 7. was sent for 8. are made , Does make 9. were bought 10. Is made三 2. Football is played in most 3. Why was the letter sent to 4. where cars are repaired 5. Where were you born ? 6. How many languages are spoken 7. but nothing was stolen. 8. When was the bicycle invented ? 四. 1. is cleaned 2. was given by 3. Can be spoken 4. has been learned 5. will be publishe牛津英语8B Unit7 International charities 课时练习第1课时welcome to the unit一、选词或句子填空。A） UNICEF, Oxfam, ORBIS, World Vision, World Wide Fund for Nature1. works to help blind people.2. works to protect the environment and animal shelter.3. works to fund development projects in poor areas around the world.4. works to help people in poor countries.5. works to provide children with basic food, health and educational needs.B) 选用所给句子完成对话。Kitty: I used to spend all my pocket money on stickers. 1 Daniel: I used to buy some story-books. Now, I try to save some money to give to charities.Kitty: 2 Daniel: ORBIS. 3 I think it is very sad if you cant see anything. What about you?Kitty: I often donate money to UNICEF. 4 Daniel: Sometimes I also donate money to it with my classmate. 5 Kitty: Yes, lets save our money to help the people in need.A. How about you? B. What do you think of it?C. Education is very important. D. Because I want to help the poor children.E. Which is your favourite charity? F. Because it is a charity that helps blind people.二、单词填空。1. I cant walk any _ (更远).2. Children in this poor area are in need of _ (教育).3. Whats in your _ (口袋)? Nothing, but some sweets.4. Eric studies in an _ (国际的) school.5. My father is u_ to the life in Nanjing, he doesnt want to return to Xian.6. Mike, I have some bread _ (leave), Would you like to have some?7. Im thirsty, let me _ (drink) some water.8. The young mother _ _ (worry) so much about her sick baby, that she couldnt fall asleep at all.9. My father used to _ (read) newspapers while eating his breakfast.10. Nancy (collect) some information about ORBIS, hasnt he？ 第2课时 Reading (1)一、根据英文注释，写出下列单词。1. b the state of not being able to see2. c make an illness or problem go away3. p stop something from happening4. k all the information and facts that one knows and understands5. o cut a persons body open to take out or repair a part6. g feeling or showing thanks7. p pleased and satisfied(自豪的)8. c the fact of someone having a disease or an injury (病历)二、根据课文内容回答问题。1. How many people does blindness affect around the world ?Where are they mostly from?2. How many sick people can be cured or prevented? 3. Why do many sick people not receive medical treatment? 4. Why do ORBIS doctors prefer to work on a plane?5. How many operations did Dr Ma perform during his last visit ?6. Is it hard work for him?7. How do people feel about their work?8. What does ORBIS need to carry on their work? What can we do for them? 三、根据课文内容填空。ORBIS is a c_. The ORBIS plane t_ around the world . A lot of people with eye p_ come to the