《语法一致原则》PPT课件

第 12 讲,主谓一致,knows,is,has,are,is,一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1No one_ (know) the answer to the question. 2 Most of the drinking water_ (be) from the Red River. 3Either you or he_ (have) made a wrong decision. 4The class_ (be) spending the weekend together. 5Bread and milk_ (be) a fast food.,areis,isare,areis,havehas,二、单句改错 1There are an apple and a cat on the desk._ 2Both Jim and Kelly is listening to the music._ 3Tom with a cat are climbing the tree._ 4This family have a big garden._ 5Neither Kim nor I likes playing football._,likeslike,语法一致原则,1主语是不可数名词、单数名词或代词时，谓语动词用单 数；主语是复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数。如：,He exercises every day.他每天做运动。 They exercise every day.他们每天做运动。,2and 或 both.and.连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词,通常用复数。如：,He and Jerry are students.他和杰瑞都是学生。,注意：,(1)当 and 连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用,单数。如：,The writer and singer was invited to the party. 那位作家兼歌手被邀请参加派对。,(2)当 and 连接的名词被 each, every 或 no 修饰时，谓语动,词用单数。如：,Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now. 刚才每位男生和女生都得到了一个苹果。,3当主语后面跟有 with, without, together with, along with, except, besides, but, as well as, like, including 等介词短语时，谓 语动词与前面的主语保持一致(即“就远原则”)。如：,Susan with her family works on the farm. 苏珊和她的家人在田里干活。,4动词不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：,To be a pilot is his dream.,成为一名飞行员是他的梦想。,5由不定代词 either, neither, each, one, everyone, someone,anyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, something,anything, nothing, everything 等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词 通常用单数。如：,Everybody is here.所有人都到齐了。,意义一致原则,1news 以及科目名称 maths, physics, politics 等，本身不表,示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数。如：,I think physics is an interesting subject. 我认为物理是一门有趣的学科。,2trousers, shoes, glasses, pants 等为复数名词，作主语时谓 语动词用复数。但当它们前面有 pair of, kind of 等量词修饰时， 则根据量词的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：,This kind of shoes is new.这种款式的鞋子是新的。,My new shoes are very beautiful. 我的新鞋很漂亮。,3表示时间、长度、距离、价格、金钱、重量等的短语作 主语时，常表示一个整体概念，谓语动词通常用单数。如：,200 miles is a long way to go.,200 英里是很长的一段路。,4集体名词如 family, class, group, team 等作主语，表示整 体时谓语动词用单数，表示集体中的具体成员时用复数。如：,The class wins the prize.这个班获得了奖项。,The class are all carefully reading the book. 全班学生都在仔细地读这本书。,科目一考试 科目一模拟考试 仿真考试 最新试题,科目二考试 学车驾考科目二 技巧 视频 资料,Listening,5某些名词如 people (people 指“民族”时除外), police 等， 形式上是单数但意义上是复数，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 如：,The police are running after a thief. 警察们正在追赶一个小偷。,6“the 形容词”(表示一类人)和“the 姓氏的复数形 式”(表示夫妇或一家人)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：,The old think the young are happier than them. 老人们认为年轻人比他们幸福。,The Smiths like watching TV. 史密斯一家人喜欢看电视。,7分数、百分比及 some, half of, part of, lots of, the rest of 等后接单数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；接 复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。如：,70% of the earth is covered with water.,70%的地球表面被水覆盖。,60% of the teachers in our school are women.,我们学校 60%的老师是女的。,8“a number of复数可数名词”表示“许多”，作 主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of复数可数名词”表 示“的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：,A number of birds are on the island. 岛上有大量的鸟儿。,The number of the cups is 10.杯子的数量是 10 个。,就近原则,1在 there be 句型和以 here 开头的句子中，谓语动词与,靠近它的主语保持一致。如：,There is a river and two big trees there. 那边有一条河和两棵大树。,Here is Jim and his parents.这是吉姆和他的父母。,2 either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also., or, not.but.等结构连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保 持一致。如：,Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午要么你要么他得待在家里。,(,)1.(2012 年广东)Both Li Lei and Han Meimei,_ fond of the TV program A Bite of China. I am also deeply moved by its stories! Ais Bam Cwas DAre D both.and.连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 故选 D。,(,)2.(2012 年广东佛山)Thanks to the organisation, some,money _ given to the poor children.,Awas,Bwere,CAre,A money 是不可数名词，故选 A。,(,)3.(2012 年广东茂名)Either Ted or Bob _ good,enough to be a member of the school team.,Ais,Bare,Cbecome,A either.or.结构作主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保 持一致，故选 A。,(,)4.(2012 年广东茂名)_ the parents _,the son is enjoying the film. ABoth; and BNeither; or CNot only; but also C 根据后面的 be 动词 is 可排除 A 项；B 项形式错误；not only.but also. 连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原 则，故选 C。,(,)5.(2012 年广东深圳)What does the fresh juice,contain? _of the juice _ orange.Its very pure.,AFour-fifth; are CFour-fifth; is,BFour-fifths; are DFour-fifths; is,D 分数的表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子 大于 1，分母加-s，故可以排除 A、C 两项；juice 是不可数名词， 谓语动词用单数形式，故选 D。,(,)8.(2011 年广东河源)The number of teachers in our,school _ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside.,A. was; is Cwere; are,Bwas; are Dwere; is,B the number of 表示“的数量”，接名词作主语时， 谓语动词用单数；“a number of 复数可数名词”表示“许 多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,(,)10.(2010 年广东)Robert with his two kids _ to,the beach for vacation every year.,A. go Cwent,Bgoes Dare going,B 由时间状语 every year 可排除 C、D 项；当主语后跟有 with 介词短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。主语 Robert 是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数。,(,)13.(2010 年广东梅州)_ of the land in that,country _ covered with tree and grass.,A. Two five; is CTwo five; are,BTwo fifths; are DTwo fifths; is,D 分数的构成原则是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词， 分子大于 1 时，分母加-s；分数后面的名词是 land(陆地)，是不 可数名词，谓语动词要用单数。故选 D。,