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Section_Grammar 复习动词不定式语法图解探究发现用所给词的适当形式填空1Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to_make (make) me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to_adapt (adapt) to my disability.2Then I started to_get (get) weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium.3Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to_know (know) what the future holds.4I am happy to_have_found (find) many things I can do, like writing and computer programming.5My ambition is to_work (work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.6Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to_buy (buy) it from me.7To_look (look) after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile.8. I have to work hard to_live (live) a normal life but it has been worth it.9If I had a chance to_say (say) one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.10Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to_live (live) as rich and full a life as you do. 我的发现(1)以上句子皆用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当宾语(如句1、 2、 6)，主语(如句3、7)，原因状语(如句4)，表语(如句5)，定语(如句9)及目的状语(如句8、 10)。(2)在句1中，“疑问词 动词不定式”结构在句中充当宾语。(3)动词不定式一般式的结构为：to_do (如句1、2、3、5、 6、 7、 8、 9、10)；动词不定式完成式的结构为：to_have_done (如句4)一、动词不定式的时态1一般时动词不定式的一般时(to do)所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生，或是在它之后发生。I noticed him go out.我看见他出去了。(notice与go out同时发生)I plan to attend the party to be held tomorrow.我打算参加明天举行的聚会。(attend的动作在plan后发生)2进行时动词不定式的进行时(to be doing)表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。They are reported to be working hard.据报道他们正努力地工作。(be reported与work同时发生)I am very glad to be working with you.我非常乐意与你一起工作。(be glad与work同时发生)3完成时动词不定式的完成时(to have done)表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Im very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be sorry前)He is believed to have come.相信他已经来了。(come发生在believe前)名师点津(1)在intended, expected, hoped, promised, wanted, wished, thought等后常用动词不定式的完成时，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。(2)在seem, appear, think, consider, believe等表示看法与想法的动词后常用动词不定式的完成时，表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。(3)常见的可接动词不定式完成时的形容词有：happy, sad, disappointed, satisfied, likely, surprised等。I hoped to have finished the work earlier.我本希望早点儿完成那项工作。I intended to have helped you.我本打算帮助你。He seems to have bought the new book.It seems that he has bought the new book.他好像已买了那本新书。She is not likely to have got our letter.她很可能还没收到我们的信。即时演练1用所给词的适当形式填空(2016北京高考改编)To_make (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.(2014陕西高考改编)To_work (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have concluded Professor Russell several times.(2013山东高考改编)I stopped the car to_take(take) a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013重庆高考改编)The engine just wont start. Something seems to_have_gone (go) wrong with it.二、动词不定式的语态1主动语态和被动语态(1)动词不定式有主动语态和被动语态两种形式；(2)在主动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；(3)在被动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语构成被动关系；有一般时to be done和完成时to have been done两种形式。We were very excited to hear the news.听到那则消息，我们很兴奋。Its a great honour for me to be invited.能被邀请，甚是荣幸。(me是invite动作的承受者)No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有什么危害发生。(harm是do的承受者；且发生在seem前)2动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义(1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。We have masses of work to do today.Hurry up!今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！(2)在“be 性质形容词动词不定式”结构中。The water is not fit to drink, so hold out until we get to a shop.这水不能喝。坚持住，我们会找到商店的。(3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。What to do next hasnt been decided.下一步该做什么还没有决定。(4)在“be to blame”中常用主动形式表示被动意义。I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident.我觉得这次自行车事故怪我。(5)当动词不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时，此时主动和被动结构都可用，而且在语意上并没有多大区别。He is the very man to choose/to be chosen for the work.他正是这项工作的最佳人选。Give me a list of people to invite/to be invited.给我一份需要邀请的人的名单。即时演练2补全句子(2014北京高考改编)There are still many problems to_be_solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备好长久待在月球上之前还有很多问题需要解决。(2013四川高考改编)The airport to_be_completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年将要完工的机场会有助于促进这一地区的旅游业发展。(2012辽宁高考改编)This machine is very_easy_to_operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.这台机器很容易操作。任何人都能在几分钟内学会使用它。三、动词不定式的结构1带to的动词不定式能直接跟带to的动词不定式结构的动词主要有ask, tell, hope, wish, learn, decide, want, forget, love, stop等。I want to go to the movies with you.我想跟你一起去看电影。Dont forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。2省略to的动词不定式在feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, look at, watch, notice, observe等使役动词和感官动词(短语)后，动词不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。I felt the earth shake at that moment.那时，我感到地球在晃动。I often hear him sing the song.我经常听见他唱这首歌。名师点津这些词在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，此时不定式作主语补足语。He is often heard to sing the song.他经常被人听见唱这首歌。巧学助记不带to的不定式作宾语补足语一感二听三让四看，有些动词(短语)跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去to，具体如下：一感：feel二听：hear, listen to三让：let, have, make四看：observe, see, watch, notice3动词不定式的省略与替代在expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, forget, want, try及used to, would like, should love等后面常常使用to来替代前面的不定式，以避免重复。I havent been to the Great Wall, but I wish to.我没有去过长城，但是我希望去。Would you like to go with us?I hope to, but I am too busy.你能和我们一起去吗？我想去，但是我太忙了。He doesnt like playing football, but he used to.他不喜欢踢足球，但是他过去喜欢。名师点津倘若承前省略的不定式中含有be或have的任何形式，要保留be或have或其相应的某种形式。China is not what she used to be.中国不再是从前的中国了。Didnt he tell you to attend the meeting?No, I ought to have been (told)他没有告诉你要开会吗？是的，我本该被告知的。即时演练3补全句子I decided_to_buy (决定买) an iPad to learn English.His brother wished to_win_the_first_prize (获得一等奖)Let_him_try_once_more (让他再试一次); that is, give him another chance.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked not_to (不要停在路边)四、动词不定式的语法功能1动词不定式可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语(目的、原因、结果或条件)。To see is to believe.眼见为实。He wanted to go.他想去。He asked me to do the work with him.他让我和他一起做那项工作。The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops.农民们想出了保护庄稼的办法。Check your composition to avoid mistakes. 为避免错误，检查一下你的作文。2需要注意的几个问题(1)动词不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是对的。(2)动词不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把动词不定式放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。I find it very interesting to study English.我发现学英语很有趣。(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或动词不定式所修饰的名词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词不定式后须有相应的介词。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可以担忧的。He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在寻找房子住。Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把切东西的刀子。(4)不定式作目的状语除了用 “to do”表示外，还可以使用in order to do或so as to do。We turned the lights off in order not to waste electricity. 为了不浪费电，我们关了那些灯。(5)动词不定式作结果状语时常常表示一种出乎意料的结果，其前往往有only作为标志。He hurried to the school, only to find nobody there.他急忙赶到学校，结果发现没人在那儿。She got to the station hurriedly, only to find the train had gone.她匆匆忙忙赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。名师点津现在分词(短语)作结果状语常常表示一种意料之中的结果。It hasnt rained for a month, making the crops hard to grow.一个月没下雨了，使庄稼很难生长。(6)动词不定式在句中作插入语；常用的这类动词不定式短语有：to tell the truth说实话；to be frank坦白地说；to be exact确切地说；to begin with首先等。To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.说实话，我不同意你的意见。即时演练4单句语法填空To_be (be) honest, I dont agree with what you said.He hurried to the station, only to_be_told (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.We found it difficult to finish the work on time. It seems that he has a lot of things to worry about.用所给词的适当形式填空1Can we catch the first train for Shanghai?Sure, but to_get (get) to the station in time, well set off one hour earlier than usual.2I consider it a pity for you not to_have_attended (attend) our party.3I know where to_go (go) but I dont know how to_get (get) there.4You appear to_have_travelled (travel) to quite a lot of places around the world.5My parents seemed to_be_talking (talk) about something interesting when I got home.6See you later，Mr Black. Pleased to_have_met(meet) you.Me too. See you later.7To_make (make) this cake, you will need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.8She wanted to_see (see) which shop offered the best service.9Do you have anything to_be_typed (type), sir.Nothing at present.10. The snow seemed to_have_been_blown (blow) from the top of the mountain.Not really. It was not so windy last night.单句写作1. To_stay_warm_at_night,_I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. 为了在晚上保持温暖，我会往炉子里添柴，并把闹钟定到午夜以便我可以起来给炉火重新添柴。2I am sorry to_have_given you so much trouble.给你添了这么多麻烦真抱歉。3I would like to treat you to tea this evening, if you would_like_to.如果你愿意，今晚我请你喝茶。4New technologies have made_it_possible_to_turn_out new products faster and at a lower cost.新的技术已经让以更低的成本更快地生产出新的产品成为可能。 5Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to_stay_away.有时候鸟叫声是一种让其他鸟离开的警告。6The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy to_watch_anything that happened to be on. 这位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，高兴地看着正在发生的一切。7. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced to_raise_peoples_concern over food safety. 据政府官员说，还要制作更多的电视节目以提高对食品安全的关注。8We feel it our duty to_make_our_country_a_better_place.我们感到使我们的国家变得更好是我们的责任。9The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to_tell_one_from_the_other.这两个女孩长得如此相像以至于陌生人都发现很难将其中一个与另外一个区分开来。10The ability to_express_an_idea is as important as the idea itself.表达想法的能力和想法本身一样重要。.用所给词的适当形式或相关词完成短文Hardly can you succeed in doing something perfectly the first time you do it. Therefor, when you do something for the first time, it is time 1.to_give (give) up the idea of perfection.I remember the first time I 2.drove (drive) a car in traffic after getting my drivers license. I was very nervous in that heavy traffic my driving style showed that I wasnt a very confident driver. Now Im much more experienced as a driver. 3.Although I still dont consider myself a perfect one, Im much more confident behind the wheel than 4.what I was when I started.In general, 5.it is useless 6.to_work (work) hard for doing something perfectly when you do it for the first time. You are setting the bar so high 7.that you just feel bad when you are unable 8.to_meet (meet) the level you have set.Also, perfection is just another way 9.to_delay (delay), so 10.trying (try) to be perfect is just a waste of time. You should work hard for excellence instead.
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