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高考英语总复习第二部分语法知识应用专题七语篇型填空探考情 悟真题【考情探究】卷名体裁设题方式考点有提示词无提示词名词/数词代词冠词介词、动词短语形容词、副词谓语动词非谓语动词并列连词、复合句及其他2019课标全国说明文7366696362,6865,7064,67612018说明文7367706561,696462,63,68662017说明文7362656166,6964,6763,68702016记叙文7361,69687064636266,67652015记叙文7365636662,6961,6768,7064合计6335981152019课标全国记叙文736963,7064,6661,65,6862,672018说明文7366626563,6761,6864,70692017说明文7361,6967646266,7065,68632016说明文7362,66686461,67636965,702015说明文7363626765,696861,64,6670合计61541081062019课标全国记叙文73666361,67,6865,6962,70642018记叙文7366686267636964,65,70612017记叙文7366,6762687063,6961,65642016说明文6468706662,6963,6461,65,67合计51246796分析解读1.五年高考课标全国卷语篇型填空所选文章的体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。题材包括:人与自然、人物介绍、健康生活、健康饮食、学校生活、交通、旅游、科普知识、社会风俗等。2.语篇型填空考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种,比例大多维持在73。给出提示词的包括:词性的转换(名词与动词的转换、形容词与副词的转换等);形容词比较级与最高级的变化;名词单复数的变化;动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词等。不给出提示词的包括:根据上下文语境填入介词、连词、冠词以及代词(it)等。3.挖空一般比较均匀,所挖的空不会影响学生对短文的整体理解。4.对形容词、副词,非谓语动词及并列句、复合句的考查已成为语篇型填空的热点。5.在未来高考语篇型填空中,对动词(谓语动词、非谓语动词)、形容词、副词、名词的考查仍会是考试热点;对介词、动词短语、复合句的考查仍会是考试的难点。【真题探秘】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.首段介绍了北极熊的分布及数量。while在本句中对应although,引导让步状语从句。v.游荡,闲逛本句中的as为连词,引导原因状语从句,意为:由于,因为。第二段介绍由于北极熊在人类居住地出没导致了北极熊数量增加的假象。adv.持续地leading to在本句中作结果状语61.that 考查同位语从句。虽然在北纬88度以北很少见到北极熊，但是有证据表明它们在整个北极地区活动，向南甚至远到加拿大的詹姆斯湾。设空处引导同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，该从句中不缺少任何成分，所以要用that引导。62.poorly 考查副词。因为对许多区域调查得不够充分，所以很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。设空处单词修饰动词studied，故用其副词形式poorly。63.of/for 考查介词。现代化的跟踪调查北极熊数量的方法在20世纪80年代中期就开始被采用。methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。64.to perform 考查不定式。这些方法大面积持续使用起来，费用很高。sth. be+adj.+to do，其中不定式作状语，与sth.是动宾关系。65.have reported 考查动词时态和主谓一致。最近几年，生活在Nunavut的一些因纽特人报告说他们在人类居住区周围看到北极熊的次数增加了。设空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语In recent years可知，时态为现在完成时，主语some Inuit people为复数形式，故填have reported。66.belief 考查名词。这些报告使人们相信北极熊的数量正在增长。设空处作leading to的宾语，且前面有不定冠词a修饰，故用所给动词的名词形式belief。67.noting 考查非谓语动词。科学家们对此作出了回应，他们指出饥饿的北极熊可能正在人类的定居点附近聚集。设空处作介词by的宾语，故用v.ing形式，即by doing sth.通过做某事。68.higher 考查比较级。这就造成了北极熊数量比它们实际数量要多的错觉。根据空后的than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式higher。69.the 考查冠词。句意：在被认出来的19个北极熊亚群中，有3个数量在降低，有6个是稳定的，1个在增加，还有9个缺少足够的数据。设空处在本句中表示特指，故填定冠词the。70.are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据设空处前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知，本空需用一般现在时；主语是six（subpopulations），故填are。解题思路:1.名词:当设空处前为冠词、数词、名词所有格、形容词性物主代词或限定词(如:any, another, some)时,当设空处被定语从句、形容词短语、分词短语或介词短语所修饰时,设空处作句子的主语、宾语(包括介词的宾语)时,可以考虑设空处可能考查名词。2.代词:无提示词的语篇型填空题中,当句子缺主语或宾语时,多数情况是考查代词;当给出提示词it时,常考查its。3.冠词:若 “(形容词+)名词”前没有其他限定词时,很可能就是考查冠词。 确定用定冠词还是用不定冠词可依据其表泛指,还是特指,有时要依据固定搭配。4.介词:若空格后是名词、代词或动名词,且它们在句中不是作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,这个空格就很可能是填介词。5.形容词、副词:语篇型填空对形容词、副词的考查往往给出提示词。若句子缺定语、表语或补语,要首先想到用形容词。若设空处作状语时,要首先考虑填副词。根据形容词、副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。6.动词:当提示词给出动词原形且设空处作谓语时,该题一定考查谓语动词,包括动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气、情态动词等的用法。当提示词给出动词原形且设空处作主语、宾语、补语、定语、状语、表语时,则可能考查非谓语动词的用法。7.并列连词:当一句话中含两个或多个结构、意义完整的句子,则该题考查并列连词。8.复合句:当句子主句完整、从句不完整时,则该题考查复合句。【五年高考】A组统一命题课标卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1 (be) Britains oldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4 (declare) she had no plans 5 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7 because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We dont have any idea who put Grandma forward. When we got a call 8 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 9 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its 10 (wonder).”1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.being2.which3.finally4.declared5.to retire6.have made7.but8.saying9.a10.wonderfulPassage 2(2019课标全国)On our way to the house, it was raining 1 hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 2 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6 (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.so2.to get3.of4.who5.recommendedpetition7.traditional8.hugely9.were invited10.listeningPassage 3(2018课标全国)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years1(long)than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long2(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of3(die)early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it4(be)more effective at lengthening life5walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 20146showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all7(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise.its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to8(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always9(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give10a try.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.longer2.to see3.dying4.is5.than6.that/which7.causes8.strengthen9.energetic10.it/runningPassage 4(2018课标全国)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country1(grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over2past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is3(actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice4(improve)water quality. Corn uses less water5rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased6(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total7(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government8(start) a soil-testing program9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while10(feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.has grown2.the3.actually4.to improve5.than6.pollution7.global8.started9.that/which10.feedingPassage 5(2018课标全国)Im not sure1is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at2top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the3(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid4(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel5(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a6(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching7these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find8(they)alive. True to gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal9(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying:“Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered, he allowed me10(stay)and watch.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.who2.the3.loudest4.looking5.challenged6.scientist7.for8.them9.meant10.to stayPassage 6(2017课标全国)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)1a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side2(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required3(process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt4(remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As5result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even6(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food7(be)full of fat and salt;by8(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be9(care)not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,10is not good for the health.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.as2.effects3.to process4.are removed5.a6.worse7.is8.eating9.careful10.whichPassage 7(2017课标全国)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 5(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.Later, engineers 8(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.crowds2.from3.laying4.the5.were used6.fairly7.it8.managed9.introduction10.successfulPassage 8(2017课标全国)She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1(rest). Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as 2 model in New York.Sarah 3(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 4has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6(educate).She has turned down several 7(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9(come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.resting2.a3.has been told/was told4.who5.to prove6.education7.invitations8.ines10.certainlyPassage 9(2016课标全国)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top1(attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I2(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be3(official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,5I was the first Western TV reporter6(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include7(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by8(it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few9(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,10other is with mumshe never suspects.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.attraction2.was allowed3.officially4.to5.when6.permitted7.introducing8.its9.days10.thePassage 10(2016课标全国)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of1(great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of2(achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow3(be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused4our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So,get an early start and try to be as productive5possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent6(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks7(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for8while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely9(bring) your work home. It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is,10(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.greater2.achievement3.is4.on5.as6.studies7.regularly8.a9.to bring10.makePassage 11(2016课标全国)In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea,1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might2(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal3(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4(use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 5the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which6(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and9(be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat10their hands.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.and2.be made3.to create4.using5.as/when6.gradually7.who8.development9.were10.withPassage 12(2015课标全国)Yangshuo,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I1(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours2,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with3(it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River4are pictured by artists in so many Chinese5(painting).Instead,Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away6car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo7(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers8(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it9(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people10(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.arrived2.before/earlier3.its4.that/which5.paintings6.by7.is8.conducted9.regularly10.livingPassage 13(2015课标全国)The ado
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