重庆市2018年高考英语阅读理解选编(12)附答案解析

重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（12）（附解析）阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013苏锡常镇四市二调，C)Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies humancomputer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay.Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasnt until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that its going to the wrong place.”Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in peoples cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what youre doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (导航) skills.“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会带来许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。1What is the best title for this passage?AIs GPS system reliable to use? BWhat is the use of GPS?CHow to make the most of GPS? DBlame! GPS or Passengers?答案：A标题概括题。文章第一段是全文的主旨段。根据第一段可知，GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会导致许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。所以A项最适合做文章的标题，故答案选A。2What is the implication of the underlined part?AGPS is just a garbage device.BGPS will not correct human errors.CGPS adjusts your wrong destination.DGPS is just as smart as human beings.答案：B句意理解题。根据画线句子后面一句“Mr Brown says this is a common human error.”并结合上下文可知，画线句子所包含的意思是：GPS不能纠正人类的错误。故答案选B。3Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the passage?ASmall screen. BTiming of commands.COutdated maps. DDear cameras GPS uses.答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句可知，A项是GPS的缺点；根据文章倒数第二段可知，B、C两项均是GPS的缺点。所以只有D项不是GPS的缺点。故答案选D。4According to the passage, people commonly believe that _.Ayou have to know where to go when using GPSByou need to have new competencies to use GPS wellCGPS is proper for drivers with little sense of directionDGPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps答案：C推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们普遍认为，GPS全球定位系统适合方向感差的人。C项符合文义，故答案选C。【健康环保类阅读理解】（2015模拟题）Norm Pethrick，a 36yearold man in Australias northern city Darwin，was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodiles back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park，a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin，a local newspaper reported.Mrs Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged (扑)，locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater.Norm Pethrick，who with his wife had been collecting water，immediately went to help her.He jumped onto the back，poked (戳) the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free.Mrs Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment.The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds (伤口) in her right leg，a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.“This could have been a fatal and tragic situation，” said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH)，Dr Len Notaras，according to a local report.He said Mrs Pethrick was saved by her husbands “quick and diligent actions”.Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds，which are easy to get infected because of bacteria (细菌) on the teeth of the crocodile.1.This passage is most likely to be found in .A.a travel guide B.a newspaper C.a textbook D.a novel答案B解析文章出处题。根据第一段中的“a local newspaper reported”可知，这是一篇新闻报道。故选B。2.The crocodile attacked Mrs Pethrick when she was .A.swimming in the riverB.standing on the river bankC.watching the crocodileD.fishing in the water答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Mrs Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged(扑).”，可知鳄鱼袭击Mrs Pethrick时，她正站在河边。故选B。3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Mrs Pethrick?A.Her eyes were badly poked.B.She had eight wounds altogether.C.One of her fingers also got hurt.D.One of the crocodiles teeth was found in her leg.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds(伤口) in her right leg，a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.”可知，她右腿有8处伤口，左腿有一处伤，还有一个手指受伤严重。故选C。4.According to the passage，Norm Pethrick can be described as following EXCEPT .A.brave B.diligentC.quick D.humorous答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段和倒数第二段可知，Pethrick从鳄鱼口中救下妻子表明他反应迅速，机智勇敢。故选D。（2016高考阅读理解）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。“Goodbye，Trevor，”I said to my nineyearold son as he trudged through the snowy yard on his way to school.But，as usual，he didnt turn around or acknowledge my words.He had just been diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)，which explained his lack of expression and communication.Since the age of three，he had almost completely stopped talking.He wouldnt even look at me and smile.Everything had to be the same every day，including his black mittens(连指手套)No other pair would do.But this morning I couldnt find his black mittens，so he had to wear a spare pair.He had slammed the door.I watched his little blond head bob up and down behind the fence as he continued walking to school，gesturing with his hands.He talks to himself all the time.If only he would share a story or two with me，I thought，as I left the window and returned to finish the breakfast dishes.Tears dropped onto the table as I wiped the spot where Trevor sat each morning for breakfast.He routinely blurted out inappropriate messages to his cereal，but I was merely the invisible robot that served him.“Good night，I love you，”was only a rote saying that he recited each night at bedtime.A knock at the door interrupted my sullen thoughts.“Trevor！Whats wrong？Did you forget your books？”He didnt answer.“Mommy，”he began.“Yes？”I whispered.I slowly lowered to my knees to be at his eye level.If I moved too quickly，I would shatter this fragile moment.His bright blue eyes grew shiny，and a tear slipped down his round cheeks.“Mommy，Im sorry，”he said.He only spoke three simple words，but his soul had opened.He had talked to me from his heart.He showed emotion.Then his face hardened，and he turned and ran.All it took was three words，a tear，and his round blue eyes looking into mine.And I will always be grateful to God for giving me this little spark of hope.1When Trevor went to school that morning，he was .Aangry BhappyCreluctant Dsick2Why did Trevor come back?ATo take his books in his bedroom.BTo make an apology to his mom.CTo show his emotion of thankfulness.DTo wear more clothes to keep warm.3The underlined word “shatter” in Paragraph 7 may mean “ ”Aforget BavoidCdestroy Dseize4The last paragraph suggests that the writer firmly believes .ATrevor would get into touch with herBTrevor would speak three words againCTrevor would open a door for othersDTrevor would recover from his disease1A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But this morning I couldnt find his black mittens，so he had to wear a spare pair.He had slAimeed the door.”可知，因为手套的问题，Trevor生气地去上学了。2B细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Mommy，Im sorry，he said.”可知，Trevor回来是为了向作者表示歉意的。3C词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的“Yes？I whispered.I slowly lowered to my knees to be at his eye level.If I moved too quickly.”可知，由于Trevor很长时间不和作者进行交流，这次他突然回来，让作者感到非常吃惊，生怕自己行动快了，会摧毁这美好的一刻。4D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And I will always be grateful to God for giving me this little spark of hope.”可知，作者对于儿子会有朝一日和父母进行交流感到有了一丝的希望。【2016高考训练】阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑)Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual notetaking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears.”In another experiment aimed at testing longterm memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.1More and more students favor laptops for notetaking because they can_.Awrite more notes Bdigest concepts betterCget higher scores Dunderstand lectures better2While taking notes，laptop users tend to be_.Askillful Bmindless Cthoughtful Dtireless3The author of the passage aims to_.Aexamine the importance of longterm memoryBstress the benefit of taking notes by handCexplain the process of taking notesDpromote the use of laptops4The passage is likely to appear in_.Aa newspaper advertisementBa computer textbookCa science magazineDa finance report答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。1A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)”可知，学生越来越多地使用笔记本电脑记笔记是因为它的速度和清晰度，这说明用笔记本电脑记笔记速度快、记得多。故选A。2B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught”可知，研究已经发现笔记本电脑的使用者没能记住和应用教给他们的概念。由此可推知，笔记本电脑的使用者在记笔记时是不动脑子的。故选B。3B解析：推理判断题。本文通过实验发现了用笔记本电脑记笔记的不良效果和用手记笔记的优势，两者相比突出了用手记笔记的好处。故选B。4C解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。由此可推知，本文应该出现在科学杂志里。故选C。