模块1语法定语从句考点透视

定语从句考点透视基本概念：一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代 词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。正确使用关系词关系词关系代词that主语which宾语whom人或物表语whose定语as关系副词when时间where地点状语why原因诜择依据：1）弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、宾语、定语还是状语2）辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、地点、原因3）判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的（只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句）考点一：关系代词呃和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用?在以下几种场合只能用thatA. 先行词（指物）本身是不定代词或先行词被不定代词修饰All that can be done has been done.B. 先行词兼有指人和指物的名词C. 先行词（指物）被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修饰D. 先行词（指物）被形容词最高级和序数词修This is the best TV that is made in China.E. 当主句是 which/who 引导的特殊疑问句 Who that you have ever seen can do it better ?考点二：有哪些情况关系代词不用ho6而用which，who, whom?Fill in the blanks:1. He made the same mistakes again,made his parents very angry.2. Yesterday I bought a dictionary,cost me more than 100 yuan .3. Mr Smith,gave a talk several months ago,will come again.4. My uncle has come back from abroad, I havent met for a long time.1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用hich，指人用who或whom2、在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom1. Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen.2. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.3. Xiao Wang ,with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.考点三：在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词 方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配1. The girl whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.2. He is the man whom I think you can depend .3. He referred to some reference books which I am not very familiar.方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配1. He made a hole in the wall, which he could see what was going on outside the house.2. The librarian whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.方法3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配1. The rate which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.2. This is our classroom , （在前面）which there is a teachers desk.考点四：名词代词/数词+ of +which/whom知多少？Rewrite the following sentences1. The committee consists of 20 members and5 of them are women.2. The book contains 50 poems, and most of them were written in 1930s.3.I have a sentence ,and the meaning of it I dont understand.名词/代词/数词+ of 表示物用which表示人用whom考点五：如何恰当使用when ,where , why与which, that引导的定语从句1. 先行词是表示地点，时间，原因的名词或含有地点，时间，原因意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句.when ,where, why在 从句中作状语，相当于相应的介词+which2. 若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。This is the town I spent my childhood.The library you visited yesterday was built in 1990Ill never forget the day we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time I spent with youThis is the reason I didnt come here.The reason she gave was not true.考点六：如何用好whose引导的定语从句whose表示所属关系1. The river banks are covered with trees flows to the sea2. There are in this class 20 students,are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose考点七：as和which的区别知多少？as作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语.as引导的限制性定语从句此时先行词前常被such,the same, so,as修饰，即构成such.as , the same .as, so.as, as.as结构，做题时容易 忽略。提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中出现as,请先考虑是否考查as引导的定语从句。1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as和which可以换用。He left her, as/ which was strange.2、as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as作主语。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ discussed 等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有as is well known/ is known to allas has been said beforeas has been already pointed outas we all can seeas is often the case5、which引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。The decision was right, which was exactly what he wanted.6、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.7、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。That things improved, which astonished me.8、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。He was married again, which was unexpected.考点八：定语从句运用中的注意点1、定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：He is the only one of the students who was here just now.He is one of the students who were here just now.2、定语从句与并列结构。试比较：He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him.He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.3、是用 the one 还是用 that , which, where.（1）Is this school you study? （2）Is this the school you study in?（3）Is this the school you study? （4）Is this school is a senior one?A. that/which B. where C. the one D. the one where E. the one that / which遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one （that/ which）4、是用 when 还是用 that, which（1） May 1 is the day we spent together.（2） May 1 is the day I joined the army.当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when,若作主语或宾 语时，就用that/ which.5、where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：1）I ve come to the point where I can t stand him.2）He s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.在这两句中，where引导的定语从句分别修饰point和situation,表示抽象意义“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。6、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）It was in this house he was born.（2）It was this house he was born.（3）It was in the house he used to live in that the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. which D. there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was .that,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，是强调结构，否则为定语从句。7、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：Ybu should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句 中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较： He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表 示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较： The news that he had been back surprised us all.The news （that） he told us surprised us all.8、way后面的定语从句（用that/ in which或省略）：Please tell me the way （that/ in which） you did the job.