陕西省咸阳市永寿中学2021届高三英语上学期开学考试试题含解析

陕西省咸阳市永寿中学2021届高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）第一部分:听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What do we know about the man?A. He hasnt eaten any sandwich yet.B. He thinks the first sandwich is better.C. Hes too full to eat another sandwich.2. Why are the neighbors moving out?A. They dont like the flat.B. They cant afford the high rent.C. The landlord doesnt mean what he says.3. How did the man hear about the fire?A. Over the phone. B. On the television. C. In the newspaper.4. Where is the woman going first?A. To the cinema. B. To the concert. C. To the bank.5. What are the two speakers going to do tomorrow afternoon?A. Go shopping.B. Return to the beach.C. Pay a visit to Joe and Linda.第二节 (共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至第7小题。6. Where does this conversation take place?A. At an airport. B. At a seaport. C. At a railway station.7. How soon will the man get on board?A. In about 10 minutes. B. In about 20 minutes. C. In about 30 minutes.听第7段材料，回答第8至第10小题。8. What colour of carpet does the man suggest?A. Blue. B. White. C. Green.9. What is the possible result the woman worries about?A. She cant return the carpet if she doesnt like it.B. She cant decide the right colour for the carpet.C. She cant afford the high price of the carpet.10. Where does this conversation most probably take place?A. In a store. B. In the street. C. In the womans house.听第8段材料，回答第11至第13小题。11. What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Friends. B. Strangers. C. Neighbours.12. What are the two speakers talking about?A. Their habits. B. Their families. C. Their neighbours.13. What is the mans trouble?A. He cant give up smoking.B. Hes often disturbed at night.C. He has no house of his own.听第9段材料，回答第14至第17小题。14. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?A. Mother and son. B. Captain and player. C. Teacher and student.15. What is the womans main purpose of talking to the man?A. To learn what he does every day.B. To help him to manage his time better.C. To suggest making full use of his spare time.16. How long does the man work at the supermarket every day?A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 4 hours.l7. What does the man agree to give up?A. Doing a part-time job.B. Having football practice.C. Working at the student center.听第10段材料，回答第18至第20小题。18. What is the man?A. A sports trainer. B. A radio reporter. C. A ball player.19. What is the man describing?A. A football game. B. A volleyball game. C. A basketball game.20. Which is the winning team?A. Germany. B. England. C. Spain.第二部分: 阅读理解(共两节，共计40分)第一节 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ASupply Primary Teachers NeededWe work with a group of Good and Excellent schools located across London. We are looking for excellent teachers who have a passion for teaching and are looking for new opportunities.About Supply TeachingSupply teaching gives you the freedom and flexibility to work at a variety of different schools. You have the option of day-to-day supply or long-term supply, which could lead to a full time employment.You would be required to have a great understanding of the primary curriculum(课程). If you have experience, then please dont hesitate to apply.You would be working with students who have varied needs.We are looking for able and devoted teachers who are able to teach and engage with the whole class while teaching.Supply roles are great for experienced teachers and newly qualified teachers looking to gain experience.Key ResponsibilitiesTo teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students.To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons.To use regular assessments to set targets for students, and monitor their progress.To maintain regular and productive communication with students and parents.The Perfect CandidateMust hold a university diploma.Able to work well within a team.Strong understanding of the primary curriculum.Able to create interesting and engaging lessons for students.Deadline: Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am.Contact UsPlease dont hesitate to contact us at ASQ Education.If you feel like this is not quite the right role for you, please still contact us at ASQ Education, we have a variety of roles in Primary and Secondary School.1. What main duties should a supply teacher take?A. Plan, prepare and teach effective lessons.B. Guide students to experience after-school activities.C. Set targets to become a full time employee.D. Make sure of the students freedom and flexibility.2. Which of the following is not suitable to be a supply teacher?A. One who has a clear idea of primary curriculumB. One who has great passion for teaching.C. One who has teaching experience.D. One who likes working alone.3. If you want to apply for the position, you should _.A. have humorous personalityB. apply before 4th January 2018 at 9 amC. contact the schools located across London directlyD. prepare a lesson and communicate with parents in advance【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则代课教师的招聘启示，主要介绍了其工作内容、职责、招聘条件及联系方式。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Key Responsibilities”部分内容“To teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students.(教授有效的、能鼓舞并让全体学生快速进步的课程)”及“To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons.(计划并准备有效的工作和课程方案)”可知，计划、筹备并进行有效的教学是老师的主要职责之一，故选A项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据“The Perfect Candidate”部分“Able to work well within a team.”可知，作为一名代课教师，应该有团队合作精神，所以D项“喜欢独自工作的人”不适合作为作为代课教师。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“Deadline: Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am.”可知，最后截止日期是2018年1月4日周四上午9点，所以如果项申请这个职位，要在此日期之前，故选B项。【点睛】BToday, I felt terrible-my head was full of problems and confusion. I decided to take a walk even though I didnt know where I would go. The most extraordinary thing happened when I was out on this walk. I saw an old man sitting on a chair. He was a seller of second-hand shoes. He seemed so tired and nobody was buying his shoes.I wanted to give him something but I had not brought anything with me. Then, a little girl came toward him. I heard the child say, “Grandfather, may I polish your shoes?” That old man took pity on her, smiled and he gave her a shoe to polish. The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform.” The old man answered, “Oh, little girl. Just stop doing this. Come with me and I will buy you a uniform.”Then they walked to a market (I followed behind) and he bought her a uniform. The girl was so happy. She said, “Thank you so much for doing this.” Then she left, leaving the old man smiling. He walked away from the market, but I stopped him.I whispered in his ear, “You are a hero! Thank you for your kindness!” As I walked away, I glanced back and I could see him still smiling. I was blown away by the kindness I had just seen. Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! Amazing!My own sadness had completely disappeared, chased away by the light of this kind act. I began realizing that I have a lot to be thankful for.4. Why did the girl want to polish shoes for the old man?A. To support the old mans business.B. To show her pity on the old man.C. To earn money to buy something to her brother.D. To attract the attention of passers-by to buy more shoes.5. What can we know about the old man from the passage?A. He has not enough to eat and wear.B. He is very cold to others.C. He is a kind and generous man.D. He is in a poor health condition.6. What words can be described the girls character?A. Friendly and caring.B. Greedy and kind.C. Enthusiastic and impatient.D. Mean and sad.7. What may the author learn from the old man?A. Compared with helping others, personal sadness is not important.B. One should live by ones own work not by others help.C. One shouldnt look down upon the one who needs help.D. Even though one has little, he should try to help others.【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者看见一个卖旧鞋的的可怜老人帮助了一个想通过擦鞋赚钱给哥哥买新校服的小女孩，老人这一善良慷慨的行为使作者的悲伤消失了。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform.” 女孩说：“我擦鞋是因为我需要钱给我哥哥买一套新校服。”可知，女孩想挣钱给她哥哥买东西因此给老人擦鞋。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中I was blown away by the kindness I had just seen. Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! 我被刚才看到的友善深深打动了。一个自己一无所有的人却表现出令人难以置信的慷慨！可知，老人他是一个善良慷慨的人。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform.” 女孩说：“我擦鞋是因为我需要钱给我哥哥买一套新校服。”以及第三段中The girl was so happy. She said, “Thank you so much for doing this.” 女孩很高兴。她说：“非常感谢你所做的一切。”可知，这个女孩是友好和体贴人的。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! 一个自己一无所有的人却表现出令人难以置信的慷慨！以及最后一段中 I began realizing that I have a lot to be thankful for. 我开始意识到我有很多事情要感谢。可知，从老人身上，作者可以学到“即使一个人一无所有，他也应该设法帮助别人。”的道理。故选D项。CAdults perform better when they have a lot to gain or lose. But scientists did not know whether teens did too. To find out, Insel asked 88 people between the ages of 13 and 20. She had them try a game. The participants looked at pictures of planets on a computer screen. They had to click as fast as they could when they saw a planet with designs. They were not supposed to click if a planet had no designs.The participants could earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones. In other sessions, theyd get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones. Players of all ages wanted to win the money, and cared more about bigger rewards than smaller ones.As Insel expected, adults performed better when the stakes were high. But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar. Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.Insels team published this work November 28, 2017, in Nature Communications.Brains change and mature during adolescence. And not all parts grow at the same rate. Insel was interested in two areas in particular. One is deep inside the brain and just above the ears. Called the ventral striatum (腹侧纹状体), it helps the brain calculate rewards. The ventral striatum becomes mature during the teen years.The brains prefrontal cortex (前额叶) takes longer to mature. This area is important for planning and setting goals. It may not mature until early adulthood.Nerve pathways - think of them as the brains “wiring” - connect the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex. This lets the two regions communicate to make decisions. But because the prefrontal cortex matures later, the wiring between the two may not be complete until adulthood.8. Which of the following can explain Insels research?A. Teens ignore key points in many aspects.B. Adults behave better with higher rewards.C. Teens give more attention to exams than usual work.D. Adults behave more maturely than children in every way.9. What does the underlined word “stakes” refer to?A. The final results of games or experiments.B. The things that can be gained or lost in races.C. The ambitions or energies that one experiences in games.D. The powers that make one feel less pressure or pain.10. From the passage, we can know _.A. the experiment aims to find out adults behaviour facing high stakesB. teens have better performances in the first roundsC. adults care less about the experiment at firstD. adults and teens show differently with high stakes11. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Unlike adults, teens dont perform better with high stakesB. Who perform better, adults or children?C. Stakes are the key points in promoting ones passionD. Whether low stakes or high stakes, one behaves similarly【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了因为大脑中的前额叶发育不成熟，面对高和低风险或赌注，青少年表现相差无几，而成年人则面对高赌注，表现更好。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.（当提高筹码时，只有19岁或者20岁地孩子在游戏中表现更好）可推知，18岁的成年人在筹码增大时，表现更好。故选B。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文可知，stakes在此处指实验中提到的earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones（正确答案赚20美分，错误答案损失10美分）和get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones.（正确答案得到1美元，错误答案损失0.5美元。），由此可推知，指比赛中的风险或赌注。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句和第三句But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar. Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.可知，提高实验地筹码级别，成年人表现得更好，而13到18岁地孩子表现和原来无异。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。文章通过具体实验，阐述了因为大脑中的前额叶发育不成熟，面对高和低风险或赌注，青少年表现相差无几，而成年人则面对高赌注，表现更好。A项：与成年人不同，青少年在高风险情况下表现并不会更好。符合题意。故选A。DDriverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping. Several companies recently announced plans to launch self-sailing ships to improve safety and efficiency.One of them is Norwegian chemical company Yara International. Yara has designed to build an autonomous ship expected to launch next year. The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution. It is designed to carry containers normally transported by truck. This means the ship will also improve road safety by replacing about 40,000 truck trips a year.Yara plans to operate the ships by remote control beginning sometime next year. By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves. Another company focusing on self-sailing ships is the worlds largest mining company, Australias BHP Billiton. The companys Vice President of Freight, Rashpal Bhatti, recently spoke about the technology. He said, “I believe automation will be one of the biggest changes for shipping in the future.” Autonomous ships offer important chances to improve safety and provide better efficiency outcomes to the marine supply chain.” He added that self-sailing ships could become a reality within the next decade.Rolls-Royce, the British automobile and engine manufacturer, is also developing unmanned shipping technologies. Oskar Levander is the companys head of marine operations. He told a conference last year, “This is happening. Its not if, its when.”Several shipping companies have invested hundreds of millions of dollars to develop self-sailing ships expected to be used by 2025. These ships will be equipped with technology to collect weather and sea data. They will then use the data to plan out the safest, shortest and most fuel-efficient route.12. What advantages does the driverless ship have according to the passage?A. Environmental friendly.B. Without noise.C. Low cost.D. Having stronger ship body.13. What can we learn from paragraph 3?A. Australias BHP Billiton is the worlds largest ship company.B. The ships will work almost automatically by 2020.C. Bhatti isnt sure of the future of driverless ship.D. Self-sailing ships will be used in a couple of years.14. What attitude does Oskar Levander have to the new driverless ship?A. Unsure.B. Doubtful.C. Sure.D. Objective.15. Where is probably the passage taken from?A A physics textbook.B. A travel booklet.C. An advertisement.D. A science report.【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶技术在航运业的运用，一些公司宣布推出无人驾驶船只来提高航海安全和效率的计划。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution.(这艘船全部采用电动化以减少空气污染。)”可知，无人驾驶的船只最大的优势在于减少空气污染，所以其优势是环保。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves.(预计到2020年，这些船可以实现自主装船和航行。)”可知，到2020年，无人驾驶的轮船几乎可以自动运行。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句He told a conference last year, “This is happening. Its not if, its when.”(去年，他在一次会议上指出：“这正在发生。没有如果，只是时间问题。”)可知，Oskar Levander认为无人驾驶的船只是一定会出现的，只是时间的问题。所以Oskar Levander对无人驾驶轮船的态度是肯定的。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通断全文，并结合文章第一句“Driverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping.(无人驾驶技术将很快进入全球另一个重要工业：航运业。)”可知，文章主要介绍了无人驾驶技术在航运业的运用，很多公司宣布推出无人驾驶船只来提高航海安全和效率的计划，所以可能摘自一篇科技报道。故选D项。【点睛】第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多项。Here are some ways of encouraging a friend to get through a difficult time.1. Make contact.When you find out that someone is going through a crisis, get in contact with them as soon as possible. If the person is far away, make a phone call or send an email. _16_ This is especially important if theyre dealing with an illness that makes it difficult to leave the house.2. Listen to them without judgment.People need to tell their stories in their own time. Of course youre going to have opinions about their situation. _17_ Focus on your friend, so they work through the healing process.3. Offer practical help.Instead of offering advice, what you can offer is some actual help. This can make a huge difference for them. _18_ Help them out with some chores like doing their grocery shopping for them, helping clean their house, and taking their dog for a walk.4. _19_When someone is going through a difficult life event, the basic functions of life tend to get forgotten. They possibly forget to eat or stop caring for their appearance. Remind them to do things like shower, and exercise.5. Dont take over their life.Taking over their life may overwhelm them. _20_ Dont just take your friend to dinner, ask them where and when they want to dine. Letting them make decisions, even if theyre small decisions, can go long way towards reclaiming their power.A. Even doing some little things can make a difference.B. You should offer options to them.C. Sometimes visiting someone in person is also effective.D. You should use your past experiences to help them.E. But it isnt always necessary to share your advice.F. Its better to be there for them.G. Encourage your friend to keep up with the life basics.【答案】16. C 17. E 18. A 19. G 20. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就如何鼓励朋友度过难关，提出了五点建议。【16题详解】根据上文When you find out that someone is going through a crisis, get in contact with them as soon as possible. If the person is far away, make a phone call or send an email.(当你发现某人正在经历危机时，尽快与他们联系。如果对方离你很远，打个电话或发个邮件)以及后文This is especially important if theyre dealing with an illness that makes it difficult to leave the house.(如果他们正在应对一种让他们难以离开家的疾病，这一点尤其重要)由此可知，本句属于过渡句，上文提到了联系朋友的方式，后文提到了你想要联系的人如果因为生病无法离开家，那么本句提出另一种联系对方的方式，即可以亲自上门拜访。故C选项“有时亲自拜访某人也是有效的”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据上文Of course youre going to have opinions about their situation.(当然，你会对他们的处境有自己的看法)以及后文Focus on your friend, so they work through the healing process.(关注你的朋友，这样他们就能完成治愈的过程)由此可知，本句承接上文说明，即使你有自己的看法，也不必总是分享你的建议，因为应该关注的是朋友。E选项中advice对应上文中opinions。故E选项“但不必总是分享你的建议”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据上文Instead of offering advice, what you can offer is some actual help. This can make a huge difference for them.(你能提供的不是建议，而是一些实际的帮助。这对他们来说意义重大)以及后文Help them out with some chores like doing their grocery shopping for them, helping clean their house, and taking their dog for a walk.(帮他们做一些家务，比如帮他们买杂货，帮他们打扫房间，带他们出去遛狗)由此可知，上文提到了给朋友提供实际的帮助，后文则提到了给他们做家务买杂货等小事情，可推知本句是在说明为正在度过难关的朋友做一些小事情，也可以给他们的生活带来重要影响。故A选项“即使是做一些小事情也会带来不同”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据本段内容When someone is going through a difficult life event, the basic functions of life tend to get forgotten. They possibly forget to eat or stop caring for their appearance. Remind them to do things like shower, and exercise.可知当一个人在经历生活中的困难事件时，生活的基本功能往往会被遗忘。他们可能会忘记吃饭，或者不再关心自己的外表。提醒他们做一些事情，比如洗澡、运动。由此可知，本句为本段小标题，应当总结本段内容，结合本段说明的是提醒正在度过难关的朋友不要忘记一些诸如吃饭、洗澡等基本的生活活动。后文中the basic functions of life与G选项中the life basic对应。故G