《英语书面表达》PPT课件.ppt

关于2011高考书面表达的思考,情景作文,Controlled writing,（03）（满分25分）为了响应38年前毛主席提出的“向雷锋同志学习”的号召，配合北京迎“奥运”宣传活动，光明中学组织了一次到某汽车站的学雷锋活动。请根据以下6幅图画，用英语写一篇日记。,记。,（04）（20分）某学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查，结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动，并针对图表2中任何一个数据中反映的情况写出你的一个看法。词数不少于60。生词：图表chart,情景作文,Controlled writing,（05）（20分）美国中学生Jeff将要来你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华，请给Jeff写一封信，按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。注意：1.信的开头已为你写好。2.词数不少于60。,(06) 国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平、友谊”夏令营活动，要求报名者提交英文个人简历。假设你是王姗，请根据下列信息写一篇个人简历。,(07年北京卷）假设你是李华，要给英国笔友Harry写封信，介绍你班两位同学竞选班长的过程。请按下图顺序描述。注意：1.信的开头已为你写好。 2.词数不少于60.提示词：竞选班长monitor election,（08）假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华，为校刊英语园地写一篇题为“Our Spring Outing” 的英文稿件。 请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，叙述上周你们班从准备春游到春游结束的完整过程。 注意： 词数不少于60. 提示词： 游乐园 amusement park 垃圾箱 bin,（09年）假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华，为响应绿化祖国的号召，你班四月十二日去郊区植树，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍植树活动的全过程，给某英文杂志的“绿色行动”专栏写一篇以“Green Action in Our Class”为题的英文稿件。 注意：词数不少于60 提示词：郊区 suburbs,08年高考,09年高考,07年高考,05年高考,假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，利用上周末的时间帮助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，叙述你从准备到送行的全过程。 注意：1周记的开头已为你写好。 2词数不少于60。,一、记叙文 （03，05，07，08，09,10） 08年春游；09年植树; 10年安排旅行） 二、说明文（04年图表说明+议论） 三、议论文 （04图表+ 议论） 四、应用文（书信，日记，通知，便条， 讲演稿，履历表 ） （03日记：学雷锋 05年书信：Jeff来中国的生活安排 06书信：履历表 07年书信：竞选班长）,情景作文训练类型（文体）,2011年的情景作文？,1）分类： 个人活动或集体活动； 一天活动或一周活动； 一次活动或多段活动； 过去活动、目前活动或将来活动； 命题活动或主题活动（“伦敦游学”）,1、记叙类（四图/多图）,2）审题：从两部分入手。,审文字，确定： 文体： 日记：在正文之前，先依次有日期、星期几及当天的天气情况 周记：非日记，周末的时间指周五-周日；或者完整的一周,Saturday ,May 4,2002 Cloudy,2010年高考 情景作文(20分) 假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，利用上周末的时间帮助祖父母安排了去北戴河的旅行。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，叙述你从准备到送行的全过程。,2）审题：从两部分入手。,话题作文（英文稿件-命题/主题）：注意什么？,语言要求比较正式,2008高考 情景作文 （20分） 假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华，为校刊英语园地写一篇题为“Our Spring Outing” 的英文稿件。 请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，叙述上周你们班从准备春游到春游结束的完整过程。,2009高考 情景作文 （20分） 假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华为响应绿化祖国的号召, 你班四月十二日去郊区植树。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序, 介绍植树活动的全过程, 给某英文杂志的“绿色行动”专栏写一篇以“Green Action in Our Class”为题的英文稿件。,2）审题：从两部分入手。,书信、邮件、发言稿： 注意什么？,交际性原则,书信： I m very delighted to inform you that. I have the pleasure to tell you that . I look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Please write to me soon and tell me about your life there.,通知： Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls. Attention ,please ! May I have your attention please ? Please be quiet, everyone, there is something I have to tell you. Any questions? Does everyone understand? Thats all .Thank you.,人称： 自己经历：第一人称 他人经历：第三人称 时态： 叙述经历：一般过去时，但可以多样化 抒发感受：一般现在时/一般过去时,结构：三段式，总-分-总 开头段：点题，交待活动的背景包括时间、地点、人物等(when, where, who ) 主体段：描述活动过程，注意按图示顺序描述，注意分层处理图片，注意小段落结构 结尾段：议论，包括结题，归纳、总结或思想提升,总-分-总,审图：确定： a) 要点-必要细节-可添加细节 注意什么？,2011年一模情景作文,审图：确定： b) 结构：详略得当，主次分明，突出主题,伦敦游学,详写游学环节，学与游可以 同步进行或者分步进行,审图：注意：图中文字-图中人物-图中数字-图中图-图角标示,3）表达技巧：,例：2010届二模情景作文 假设你是某所中学的学生，3月22日（世界水日）你参加了你班开展的一系列节水宣传活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以日记的形式记录当天的活动内容。 注意：开头已给出。词数不少于60。 提示词：宣传材料leaflets; 危机 crisis,细节：“集体活动”要注意什么？,社区节水方法座谈会,人物： 具有代表性，不能自行命名 符号：如xxx社区，xxx可以表达a neighboring community, 不能直接写xxx; 人数：不要具体写出人数，许多人参加即行 时钟：钟表上的时间是具体的，描述也应该具体；表达可以多样化,“集体活动”要注意什么？,分为两个阶段：准备阶段+活动阶段,注意：图中文字-图中人物-图中图-图角标示,3）表达技巧：,例：分步进行（P3/P4）： In the coming days, we spent lots of time in Westminster College listening to the introductions to colleges in London and attending lectures on the British culture, from which we really gained a lot. After days of study, we were shown around through the city. It was much too impressive to see the River Thames flow past the towering Big Ben and the London Eye, where I took countless photos of those famous signts. So if you are interested, come to me after class. By the way, I also bought some souvenirs for you guys.（注意交际性原则）,策略1：添加细节需要紧扣主旨，主次分明，相对集中，分层处理，详略得当。,策略2：过渡衔接方式可以多样化表达。,1）以时间为主线： On the morning of,Later in the afternoon,The next day, After a couple of days learning,.On the last day,. 2）以动作顺序为主线： On arriving at ., Soon., Later, Finally. 3) 以空间或地点为主线： Our fantastic journey began at Heathrow Airport., At my home-stay family, In the college, At weekends, we went downtown for sightseeing. On the farewell party in the college,一模作文,忌用议论文过渡语如：last but not least等,P4： 建议： Someone suggested doing.,someone advocated/ proposed/advised/recommended Some .while others . such as switching off/turning off the tap，watering flowers with used water,策略3：同一说法注意用不同方式表达,2010二模P4,关水龙： turn off switch off the water faucet fasten the tap keep the tap closed,如何达意？ P4： “用洗菜水浇花” watering flowers with water that washed fruits and vegetables watering flowers with water after having washed fruits and vegetables saving water used to wash fruits and vegetables using water several times to do different things,策略4：不会的词汇可以迂回“达意”,2010二模P4,策略5：内容要点可用多样化不同方式进行表达。（非谓语、复合句、倒装、虚拟、强调句等特殊句式）,On arriving at the Heathrow Airport in London, （非谓语）we received a warm welcome from our home-stay family. We were deeply touched by the familys thorough consideration and warm greeting. After we were picked up and brought home by our host family, we enjoyed a traditional meal of England that had been well prepared by the family. （复合句+被动语态）Despite the exhaustion from the long flight, we talked and chatted in high spirits during the meal, excited at all the culture shocks we were experiencing. （介词状语+形容词状语） The following days were spent in Westminster College where we learnt its history from the introduction given by the scholars.（被动语态+复合句+非谓语） The course we had in the college aroused my interest, broadened my eyesight and greatly improved my spoken English. （did, did and did结构) But the excitement was not finished yet. We spent quite a long time touring around the historic city. The Big Ben and London Eye were only two of the many great places we visited in London. All the way, we followed the tour guide, took pictures of the attractions and learnt their stories from our tour guide. (did, did and did结构) On the last day of the trip we threw a Farewell Party, where we and all our home-stay family members gave terrific performances together. (复合句) The days in London will always be a precious piece of memory in my mind and I hope I have passed my happiness to all of you! Thats all. Thank you!,一模作文,请根据上述图片，讲述上周班主任（head teacher）生病期间你班同学的表现，并简单谈谈你的感想。,内容要点及细节,要点：讨论 细节： 班长组织 怎么办,好好表现,2. 要点：表现出色 细节： 无人迟到 认真锻炼,内容要点及细节,3. 要点：课堂表现 细节： 认真听讲，积极回答问题 受到任课老师夸奖,4. 要点：篮球比赛 细节： 通力合作 赢得比赛,内容要点及细节,5. 要点：值日 细节： 认真打扫 心情愉快,6. 要点：老师回来 细节： 获流动红旗 欢迎，给老师献花 表情：高兴,Last week our form teacher was ill. We had a meeting organized by our monitor and decided to behave ourselves in the week. In the morning no one was late for school and we did morning exercise well. We had good performance in classes and were praised by our teachers. We even won a basketball match against Class 2. Every day we made the classroom very clean. This week, when our form teacher came back and saw the flag we won, she was very happy. We felt proud of ourselves.,评卷给分的细节要求,1. 阅卷中不要通过找单词去找要点， 一定要从上下文来找要点。 2. 阅卷重点放在用完整、准确的句子去表达思想上，满篇没有正确句 子，一样打0分。 3. 所有要点齐全的进三档（12分以上），要保证要点和细节相互支撑。 4. 少一个细节的进三档上线（14分），可以视其语言状况+1或-1分 （说明该学生最高可得15分，最低可得13分）。 5. 少两个细节进三档下线（12分），可以视其语言状况+1或-1分（说明该 学生最高可得13分，最低得11分）。 6. 行文中图的先后顺序有误或人称错误的直接进四档（6-11分）。 7. 文章不能以班主任回来作为结束，要加上一个合情合理的结尾，否则要 在所得分数中扣-1分。 8. 一档或二档文的确定要依文章的上下文连贯、紧凑，以及语言质量来决 定。 9. 要点和细节可出现在一句话中。 10. 写落款、题目或称呼的都忽略不计，按照正常情况给分。,情景作文,假设你刚刚参加了一次“伦敦游学”活动, 请根据以下五幅图的先后顺序, 写一篇英文汇报, 在班内介绍你们游学的过程。 注意：1.汇报的开头和结尾已经为你写好。 2.词数不少于60。 3.提示词语：Big Ben 大本钟 London Eye伦敦眼摩天轮 home-stay family 住宿家庭,情景作文出现的主要问题,1.审题不仔细，漏掉要点。 2.缺乏细节观念，不能使文章衔接紧密。 3.人称和时态观念差，文章直接降档。 4.语言基本功差，漏洞百出。 5.缺乏交际观念，很难出色地完成写作任务。 6. 逻辑不清楚，句子间照应不够。 7. 结尾感想部分空泛，与前面叙述关系不大。 海淀一模情景作文样卷.doc,情景作文,假设你刚刚参加了一次“伦敦游学”活动, 请根据以下五幅图的先后顺序, 写一篇英文汇报, 在班内介绍你们游学的过程。 注意：1.汇报的开头和结尾已经为你写好。 2.词数不少于60。 3.提示词语：Big Ben 大本钟 London Eye伦敦眼摩天轮 home-stay family 住宿家庭,1）分类： 今昔对比、 正反观点对比、数据分析对比 2）审题： 文体：对比类记叙文/说明文/议论文 时态：一般过去时；一般现在时；现在完成时 人称：根据文字提示而定,2、对比类,结构：三段式： 今昔对比：主题句-描述过去情况-描述现在情况-总结句 正反观点对比：提出问题-介绍两种不同观点-对两种不同观点的论据逐项进行对比-个人观点及理由 数据分析对比：提出现象-数据对比-得出结论,2、对比类,3）表达技巧： a) 采用何种对比方式？ b)如何过渡？ c)语言特点？,策略1： (1)集中比较或对比（集中说明一个对象的诸种特征） (2)逐条比较或对比（一条一条地说明两者的异同）,Compared with Different from Unlike; besides on the other hand just on the opposite whats more/worse In short/brief/conclusion,策略2：突出主题句、支持方，层次分明，语言简洁，用词准确,usedto,butnow inthepast,butnow once,butnow, Weve had a fierce discussion over whether we should make friends online. Opinions are divided on the question. Opinions on this point differ from person to person. . Every coin has two sides., 76% of the students agree to have a try, while/whereas 24% disagree with the idea. The supporters think . Whats more,. Moreover,. However, those against the idea argue that for the following reasons. Firstly, Secondly,今昔对比,观点对比,数据分析,语言,赞成： agree to/with; be for; support; be in favor of；approve of, 赞成者：supporters/defenders/ boosters/proponents/ those who are for/disagree with/disapprove of 反对： object to; disagree to/ with; be against；be opposed to sth； 反对者: opponents/objectors/ rejecter/those who are against/disagree with/disapprove of,策略3：同一说法注意用不同方式表达。,3、图表类,1）分类： 客观描述类 对比变化类（描述+议论类图表） 2）审题： 时态：调查结果：客观性描述，一般现在时 人称：描述部分第三人称；议论部分第一人称 结构：描述占2/3；议论1/3,图表作文结构,开头段： 开门见山：点明图表所反映的主题。调查活动及内容简介 主体段： 描写数据：分类描写或对比描写，注意层次 结尾段： 根据其中一个或两个数据谈论自己的看法 （议论） 分析趋势、原因、影响或结果,语言,常用词汇： table, chart, pie/line/bar/graph, figure, describe, tell, show, represent 过渡句： Its clear from the chart that We can draw the conclusion that We can learn/know 连接词： 对比：while, but, however, on the contrary, in contrast to, compareto/with, asas, the same as, similar to, different from 归纳：In conclusionin shortgenerally speakingin generalgenerally on the whole ,上升到： v. increase (to) / rise (to) /climb (to)/go up (to)/ boom (to) go up to/jump to/rocket to; n. an increase (in) /a rise (in) /an upward trend (in)/ a growth (in) 下降到： v. decline (to)/ decrease (to)/reduce (to)/ go down (to)/ fall (to)/ drop to n. a decline (in)/ a decrease (in)/a reduction (in)/ a fall (in) 稳定： v. remain stable (at)/ maintain the same level/ remain steady (at) /stay constant (at) n. no change (in) 波动： v. fluctuate (between) n. a fluctuation (in),Next in line is Followed by ,chosen by 30% .ranks first/second sth. account for Coming to the next Behindis a quarter of half of the majority of the students,数据描写,语言,3）表达技巧： 如何安排结构？ b. 如何选议论的数据？ 如何添加细节？,策略1：大总分总，小总分总； 不同观点分开写，最好分段写。,策略2：议论数据宜选最高点或最低点，能反映出典型问题的数据 。,描述：不能少一个数据 议论：不能多一个数据 添加细节：不宜过多,最佳点,语文-数学,语文-英语,问题成因-看法（必要性-呼吁）,现状 问题 建议,2011海淀期末,Ranking first is math, chosen by 54% of the students. Next in line is English, which 18% of the students regard as top priority. Surprisingly, only 7% of the students surveyed show preference for Chinese homework and those who choose the rest of the subjects like physics, chemistry and biology add up to 21%.,策略3：语言简洁明了。数据不必面面俱到，但要概括出特征，为后文分析原因、揭示规律、发表看法做铺垫。,2011海淀 期末,花时间干： Sb. spendson sth/doing Sth. takes up; Sb. putinto sth Sb. put indoing sth goes into Sth. occupies Sth. takes possession of Sb. distributesto Sb. sparesto do It takes. sb.to do,策略4：同一说法注意用不同方式表达。,最重视： put in the first place rank as the most important think/ hold the view/idea that is the most important regard as the most significant attract the greatest attention of consider (to be) the most important/vital think the most important,语言技巧,1）分类： 个人简历/自荐信； 介绍他人（介绍同学，朋友，老师，父母，名人等） 2）审题： 文体：记叙文 时态：介绍经历：一般过去时，一般现在时； 人称：第一人称；第三人称 要点：分类整理信息 语言：精炼，感人，不拖泥带水 结构：开头段：主题句 主体段：发展句 结尾段：结论句,4、人物类,3）表达技巧：,组织要点的关键？ b) 组织细节的关键？,策略1：关注重点与难点。人物介绍重点在细节的添加；难点在材料的重组。 自然信息（姓名，性别，年龄，年级） 社会信息（开朗，活泼，精力充沛）,策略2：组织细节要突出个人/他人的优势（长处）。 I am quite independent and it is easy for me to adapt myself to a new environment. All this will enable me to continue my studies in your department without having much trouble with a language barrier.,c) 策略3：同一说法注意用不同方式表达 兴趣： My hobby is photography, writing and doing outdoor activities. Im into/Im fond of/I do well in/I fancy doing Im keen on/Im addicted to I have a great gift/love for I have a strong preference for I am gifted in My interest lies in With great interest in, I I have/show great interest in ,1）分类： 城市介绍；地点、路线介绍 2）审题： 文体：说明文 时态：一般现在时 人称：第三人称 要点：按文字提示整理信息 结构： 开头段：交待背景，引出所要介绍的地点 主体段：概括要点，按要点顺序简介地点 结尾段：首尾呼应，提出期待或希望,5、地点方位类,3）表达技巧？,策略1：语言要简练、准确。 策略2：重点在方位表达形式的多样化，难点在对要点的架构和重组 Opposite to sp. is sp. West of the village is Behind/In front of sp. is sp. 策略3：逻辑要清晰，可以按照地理位置、自然环境、城市面貌和变化发展的顺序进行描述,书面表达中的高级结构,一、高级词汇,1 think of:2 spend:3 want/look for: 4 very: 5 sit: 6 should:,occur, hit/strike, come up with, dawn on,devoteto, busy/occupy, put in, set aside,seeksought, sought, be after,1 think of: occur, hit, come up with 我突然意识到有人闯入了我的房间。,- Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.,Then wehit on/upon the idea of asking viewers to donate money over the Net.,2 spend: devoteto, busy oneselfHe devotes all his spare time to reading. He busies himself (in) reading in his spare time. (busy oneself with sth.),Reading _ all his spare time.,occupies,occupy somebody with (doing) something,He puts in reading during all his spare time. (put something in),His spare time is filled with reading.,4 very: but The film we saw last night was very interesting. The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything but boring.,二、 高级句型结构,请举出你所知道的高级句型结构：, It句型, It will be + some time + before It wont be long before humans visit the Mars. It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth. It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.,He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2008年湖北卷） It is + 被强调部分 + that 1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot. 2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge., 名词从句 It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 ) My hometown is no longer what it used to be.,（非限制性）定语从句 The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.,The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003), It was quite an experience for us both, which Ill never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷), with结构 A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.,三、 过渡关联,情景作文的段落1 Opening paragraph 2 Body 避免一幅图一个自然段。 3 Ending (记叙文发表感想请注意：上文写过或能推出的感想，而不是突然冒出来的; 也不是对前面部分的重复，而是以不同的表达对前面所写内容进行提炼、升华。）,开放作文,开放作文,Open-ended writing,（04）开放作文（满分15分） 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。,Xiao Ming tells you that he had 100 yuan yesterday morning, which he put into the pocket of his jacket. He spent 40 yuan yesterday afternoon. But now when he reaches into the pocket of his jacket, he finds only 10 yuan. He is wondering what has happened to the rest of the money. As his friend, you suggest to him three or four different possibilities concerning the missing money.,开放作文,Open-ended writing,(05) In your English class, the teacher showsthis picture of a little boy looking into a mirror, and asks the class to discuss it. Your classmates have different understandings. Look at thepicture carefully and tell the class how you understand the picture.,开放作文,Open-ended writing,(06) You and your Australian friend Jim are visiting a city in China where you see the street sculptures as shown below. You and Jim are discussing what the artist is trying to say. Now you are telling Jim how you understand this piece of art and what makes you think so. 提示词： 雕塑 sculpture 笔记本电脑 laptop,开放作文,(07)请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50. In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.,开放作文,Open-ended writing,(08) 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。 In an English speech competition, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the judges how you understand it.,开放作文,Open-ended writing,(09) 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文，词数不少于50 In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.,开放作文考点和能力要求分析,开放作文考点和能力要求分析,开放作文试题的要求： 1）文章扣题： 描述是为理解奠定基础，应根据所要阐明的理解内容有的放矢，突出主题；切忌将漫画中所有看到的内容逐一罗列出来。 2）思维活跃： 试题提供了广阔的发散思维空间，有利于考生从不同的、全新的角度看待分析一个事物或现象。 3）内容健康充实： 内容要点可用不同方式表达，但要以乐观向上，积极的态度进行表达。,开放作文考点和能力要求分析,开放作文试题的要求： 4）逻辑清楚： 完整呈现推理过程，对漫画的描述与个人理解的表达相互呼应，构成一个有机的整体。 5）语言规范，交际得体： 用词准确，表述清晰，有条理，语言流畅。 学生的表达语境（英语口语竞赛、英语课堂发言等），尽可能口语化。,一、立意与议论 理解图片（2/3篇幅）：理解时要有升华，有深度，结合现实生活围绕话题进行议论。 1.两个物象的立意与议论 图中出现两个主要物象时，描图和议论时注意两者之间的对比关系。这是最近几年高考的热点。 2006年城市雕塑长衫的老者和时髦的少女； 2007年大鸟和小鸟； 2008年的铅笔和圆规。,例1：2008北京卷 开放作文 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。 词数不少于50。 In an English speech competition, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the judges how you understand it. 可接受的观点 思路1：圆规骄傲，而铅笔努力、执著。宣扬一种奋斗精神。 思路2：圆规原地徘徊，而铅笔永往直前。鼓励人们为实现人生目标而前进。 思路3：圆规可以画出精彩的圆，铅笔可以画出笔直的线。选择适当的工具完成不同的目标。 思路4：圆规可以画出精彩的圆，铅笔可以画出笔直的线。不同的事物有自己的优势和劣势。号召人们发挥优势，完成目标。,2. 单个物象的议论 图中出现一个物象时，描图和议论时注意抓住漫画所表达的引申含义。 例1：北京西城区2008年高三英语抽样检查试题 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。 In your English class，you are asked to describe this picture of a wooden barrel and explain to your classmates how you understand it 审图： 1. 一个由不同长度木板构成的木桶，水从最短板处流出。 2. 结论：人要全面发展，个别缺点会影响人的成功。 团队要共同发展，个别人落后会影响整体的进步。 文体：议论文 时态：一般现在时 人称：第一人称,Possible ideas 1. What you see at the first glance may limit your thinking. 2. We must look deeper so as not to be cheated by the surface. 3. Everyone can grow old. Treasure your time. 4. Its more than one way to look at something. 5. We should have positive attitude towards failure.,3. 多个物象的议论 图中出现多个物象时，描图和议论时注意抓住漫画所表达的主要矛盾，要有的放矢、中心突出。,例：北京市海淀区2008高三年级第二学期期中练习 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。 In your English class，you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it 图片信息： 1. 两个孩子望向远方的太阳-对未来的憧憬 2. 孩子面前的弯弯的小路、高山、树木-通向成功路上 的困难和艰辛 3. 光芒四射、蓬勃而出的朝阳-美好的未来（成功的顶峰） Possible ideas： 1. sunset-forget the past-value the normal daily life; 2. two girls-one brave (success); one afraid (failure) 3. sunset-sad-let it pass-wait for sunrise 4. two girls help each other-friendship help us succeed 5. watch sunrise-get hope/courage,二、描图 用第三人称和一般现在时描述图片内容，描图时做到内容充实、具体、形象、生动。描图时不加入个人观点。 描图是为下文对漫画的理解奠定基础，要根据所要阐明的理解内容有的放矢、中心突出，而并非仅仅将漫画中的所有看到的内容都逐一罗列出来。 描图篇幅一般不超过1/3。,As can be seen in the picture, some people are standing hand-in-hand, forming the shape of a heart. They are all smiling happily. As can be seen in the picture, a boy with two wings is flying high in the sky, his face shining with a confident smile, while below him there are many people holding up their thumbs or giving signs of victory. In the picture, a boy is trying hard to push forward the hour hand of the clock while an old man is making a great effort to push backward the minute hand of the same clock. Both of them are trying their best, but in the opposite directions. As can be seen in the picture, a tree is broken by the strong wind, while the grass still stays as it is. Weak and small as the grass is, it can stand the strong wind.,An open-ended composition,Describe a picture,Interpret its implied meaning Point out its implications in our life,Give your own comment,思路的产生： 1、先有树，还是先有楼？（两种情形） 2、有用元素：太阳、弯曲的树、楼(很靠近) （the sun, two apartments/ flats/buildings , closely-located, the winding/twisted/curved tree） 3、矛盾点何在？（漫画、夸张） 4、折射出什么生活现象？,1、读图 2、抓主要矛盾 3、联系生活 4、升华观点,Read and mark.,2010年1月北京考试院抽样考试作文,评分标准知多少？,北京高考开放作文分_个档次给分 。评分时，先根据文章的_ 初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的_来衡量，确定或_档次，最后给分。,4,内容和语言质量,要求,调整,评分时应考虑：文章是否_，结构是否_内容是否_ _，思维是否_，逻辑是否_，语言是否_，交际是否_。,扣题,完整，,充实、健康,活跃,清晰,准确,得体,第一档1315分 第二档 912 分第三档 48分 第四档 13分 无档 0分,（一）看图说话类 1、现象型 2、抽象型 3、主题型 （二）提纲类（计划、建议、可能性等） （三）续写类（以故事为主）,分 类,得分点： 文章是否扣题 结构是否完整 内容是否充实、健康 思维是否活跃 逻辑是否清晰 语言是否规范 交际是否得体,扣分点：？,文体不对 结构不全 立意跑偏 描议脱节,要求：思维逻辑性与严谨性,开放作文,（一）看图说话类,1、审题 文体：议论文 结构：描图1/3文字，议图2/3文字 时态：一般现在时、一般讲来时等，忌用过去时 人称：描图：第三人称 议图：联系实际最好用第一人称,2、写作指导,1）关键词？,要素-