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Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,New Horizon College English,Unit 5 : Section A,Henry David Thoreau (A),Back,下一页,Background Information,Henry David Thoreau (B),Back,下一页,In the years 1845 1847, to demonstrate how satisfying a simple life could be, he lived in a hut beside Concords Walden Pond; essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterpiece, Walden (1854) 瓦尔登湖. His A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849) 在康科德与梅里马克河上一周was the only other book he published in his lifetime. He reflected on a night he spent in jail protesting the Mexican-American War in the essay Civil Disobedience (1849)论公民的不服从权利 , which would later influence such figures as M. Gandhi and M. L. King.,Henry David Thoreau (C),Back,下一页,In later years his interest in Transcendentalism waned消逝;减弱 and he became a dedicated abolitionist废除主义者 . His many nature writings and records of his wanderings in Canada, Maine, and Cape Cod鳕鱼角是位于美国马塞诸塞州（麻省）的一个半岛。 display the mind of a keen naturalist. After his death his collected writings were published in 20 volumes, and further writings have continued to appear in prints.,John Milton (A),John Milton: English poet (1608 1674). Milton attended Cambridge University (1625 1632), where he wrote poems in Latin, Italian, and English; these included LAllegro and Il Penseroso, both published,Back,下一页,上一页,later in Poems (1645). During 16321638 he engaged in private study writing the masque Comus (1637) and the extraordinary elegy哀歌,挽歌 Lycidas (1638) 利西达斯 and toured Italy.,John Milton (B),Concerned with the Puritan清教徒 cause in England, he spent much of 16411660 pamphleteering写小册子 for civil and religious liberty and serving in Oliver Cromwells government. His best-known prose is in the pamphlets Areopagitica (1644) 论出版自由, on freedom of the press, and Of Education (1644)论教育 . He lost his sight in the year of 1651, and thereafter dictated his works. His disastrous first marriage ended with his wifes death in 1652; two later marriages were more successful. After the Restoration英国查理二世王权复辟 he was arrested as a noted defender of the Commonwealth联邦 , but was soon released.,Back,下一页,上一页,John Milton (C),Back,下一页,上一页,In Paradise Lost (1667) 失乐园 , his epic史诗般的 masterpiece on the Fall of Man人类堕落，伊甸园 written in blank verse无韵诗 , he uses his sublime伟大的;令人赞叹的 “grand style” with superb power; his characterization of Satan撒旦 is a supreme achievement. He further expressed his purified faith in God and the regenerative恢复的;新生的 strength of the individual soul in Paradise Regained (1671) 复乐园 , an epic in which Christ overcomes Satan the tempter, and Samson Agonistes (1671)力士参孙，反映了王政复辟后弥尔顿内心的痛苦以及对资产阶级革命始终不渝的态度 , a tragedy in which the Old Testament figure conquers self-pity and despair to become Gods champion.,John Milton (D),Back,下一页,上一页,Considered second only to W. Shakespeare in the history of English-language poetry, Milton had an immense influence on later literature; though attacked early in the 20th century, he had regained his place in the Western canon总的规则、标准或原则 by mid-century.,William Wordsworth (A),William Wordsworth: English poet (17701850). Orphaned at 13, Wordsworth attended Cambridge Univ., but remained rootless and virtually实际上; 事实上 penniless until 1795, when a legacy made possible,Back,下一页,上一页,a reunion with his sister D. Wordsworth. He became friends with S. T. Coleridge, with whom he wrote Lyrical Ballads (1798) 抒情歌谣集 , the collection often considered to have launched the English Romantic Movement.,William Wordsworth (B),Wordsworths contributions include “Tintern Abbey” 丁登寺 and many lyrics controversial for their common, everyday language. Around 1798 he began writing the epic autobiographical poem that would absorb him intermittently断断续续地 for the next 40 years, The Prelude (1850) ：序曲 . His second verse collection, Poems, in Two Volumes (1807), includes many of the rest of his finest works, including Ode: Intimations of Immortality不朽颂 . His poetry is perhaps most original in its vision of the almost divine神的, 天赐的 power of the creative imagination reforging再生，再造 the links between man and man, between humankind and the natural world.,Back,下一页,上一页,William Wordsworth (C),The most memorable poems of his middle and late years were often cast in elegiac哀悼的; 伤感的 mode; few match the best of his earlier works. By the time he became widely appreciated by the critics and the public, his poetry had lost most of its force and his radical激进的 politics had yielded to conservatism保守主义 . In 1843 he became Englands poet laureate桂冠诗人. He is regarded as the central figure in the initiation开始,创始 of English Romanticism.浪漫主义文学,Back,上一页,Compound Dictation,Directions: You will hear a passage. It will be read twice. Listen carefully and supply the missing words.,Back,The United Nations _ came into _ on 24 October 1945, when the UN Charter had been _ by a majority of the _ 51 Member States. The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the _ of justice, human _ and the _ of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries _ when addressing international problems. _. They meet in the General Assembly, _ _.,As a sort of US national disease, lots of people are living alone, some divorced, some widowed and some never yet committed. But to be alone on purpose is of American hero. Solitude is liked by poets and philosophers for inspiration, and improved by being voluntary. Although those living with others may enjoy temporary solitude, those living in solitude may suffer from the need to talk, thus behaving strangely and talking at length to themselves or to their pets. The best cure for this is to stay rational, settle down and find grace and pleasure in ones own condition.,What is the text mainly about?,Back,How is the text organized?,The passage falls into four parts. The author begins with the brief description of being alone in USA. Next, two different views on solitude are presented. Then, three examples are given to illustrate why and how some personages choose to live in solitude. Finally, the author gives comments and advice on living in solitude.,For details,Back,下一页,Back,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,Part 1 (Para. 1),As a social trend, lots of people are living alone.,Loneliness: a sort of social disease but a characteristic of an American hero.,Part 3 (Paras. 3-10),Poets 伸出; 延长; 使满足需要,to stretch out (L. 46),饭菜够吃吗? 今晚我们多了5个客人吃饭。,活学活用,Will the food stretch out? Tonight weve got five extra guests for dinner.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,9. 充满整个房间,to fill up the whole room (L. 46),充满和谐与温馨的婚姻不会有第三者插足。,活学活用,There is no involvement of a third party in the marriage filled up with harmony and warmth.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,10. 熬夜做某事,to stay up late to do sth. (L. 47),即使熬一个通宵，我也要写一封措辞得当的推荐信。,活学活用,Ill write a properly-worded letter of recommendation, even if I have to stay up all night to do so(or for it).,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,11. 一口气（地）,at one sitting (go/stretch)/with one single effort /in one breath (move) (L. 48),正如一口吃不成个胖子一样，成功不能一蹴而就。,活学活用,Just as no one grows fat at one sitting, no success can be attained with one single effort.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,12. 一连串的,a succession of sth. (L. 58),一连串的受挫使他认识到这样一条真理：伟业并非一日之功。,活学活用,A succession of setbacks made him aware of the truth that Rome was not built in a single day.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,13. 聚塞；支持；倒车；阻止住；证实,to back up (L. 60),不论何事在心头长期积压，最好觅一知己一吐为快。,活学活用,It is better to find a bosom friend to confide in whatever has long backed up on your mind.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,14. 详细地说；唠叨不休,to talk at length (L. 63),浪漫的婚姻就是和你一起变老，一路上收集点点滴滴的欢乐，待老得走不动时细细地聊。,活学活用,The romantic marriage means aging all the way with you and picking up bits and pieces of joy for us to talk about at length when we are too old to walk.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,15. 跟某人争论某事,to argue with sb. over sth. (L. 66),他宁愿和明白人吵架，也不愿和糊涂人说话。,活学活用,Rather than have a word with the muddle-head, he would argue with the person of reason.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,16. 在自身条件下发现一些优雅和乐趣,to find/discover some grace and pleasure in our condition (L. 75),大学教育的根本问题就是如何使每个学生能发现自身的才能并能扩展之。,活学活用,The basic problem with college education is how to enable each of the students to find talent in himself/ herself and extend it.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,17. 把某人物密封/封闭起来,to seal up sb. / sth. (L. 76),独立自主决不是闭关自守，孤立奋斗。,活学活用,Self-reliance in no way means sealing oneself up from the outside world and working in isolation.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,18. 不妨/还不如做某事,might / may as well do sth. (L. 79),要教他懂礼貌，比赶鸭子上架还难。,活学活用,You might just as well drive ducks onto a perch as teach him to behave.,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,原句:Consider Dorothy Wordsworth, for instance, helping her brother William put on his coat, finding his notebook and pencil for him, and waving as he sets forth into the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself. (L. 14),III. Expressions & Patterns,1. Typical patterns for exemplification:,下一页,上一页,Back,就拿多萝西华兹华斯来说吧，她帮她兄弟威廉穿上外衣，为他找到笔记本和铅笔，向他挥手告别，目送着他走进早春的阳光去独自对花沉思。,返回课文,III. Expressions & Patterns,(Just) Consider/Look at sb., for example /instance, doing this, doing that, and doing就拿某人来说为例吧, 他她做，做，做,句型提炼,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,应用：a. 就拿孔繁森为例吧，他始终视人民的利益高于一切，他从不徇情枉法，他身体力行。他被视为清正廉洁的典范。,Consider Kong Fansen, for instance, always valuing the peoples interests above everything else, never bending the law for the benefit of his relatives, and earnestly practicing what he advocates. He is seen as the mirror of honesty and uprightness.,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一页,下一页,Back,返回课文,III. Expressions & Patterns,应用：b. 就拿他来说吧，他到处进行权钱交易，结党营私，侵吞公款。他是历代贪官的翻版。,Just look at him, for example, trading his office for money wherever he goes, ganging up for his own purposes, and helping himself illegally to the public funds. He is the very reflection of the corrupt officials in history.,上一页,下一页,Back,返回课文,原句: Then, rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting, he calls the girls to come back and write it down while he dictates. (L. 20),III. Expressions & Patterns,下一页,上一页,Back,然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们写下来。,返回课文,2. Typical patterns for preference for doing sth.:,III. Expressions & Patterns,Rather than do sth., sb. does (would do) sth. else. 某人不愿意, 而愿意,句型提炼,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,应用：a. 与其天天浑浑噩噩地活着，你还不如为社会做点儿力所能及的事。,Rather than muddle along every day, you do something within your ability for society.,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一页,下一页,Back,返回课文,III. Expressions & Patterns,应用：b. 他们不愿同床异梦，准备分道扬镳了。,Rather than share the same bed but hide different dreams, they are ready to part company with each other.,上一页,下一页,Back,返回课文,原句: We admire him, not for his self-reliance, but because he was all by himself out there at Walden Pond, and he wanted to be. (L. 26),III. Expressions & Patterns,3. Typical patterns for explanation of doing sth.：,下一页,上一页,我们钦佩他，并非因为他倡导自力更生精神，而是因为他孤身一人在瓦尔登湖畔生活，这是他自己想要这么做的。,Back,返回课文,III. Expressions & Patterns,Sb. does sth., not for(短语), but because (从句)某人做某事，并非因为, 而是因为,句型提炼,下一页,上一页,Back,返回课文,应用：a. 一些人谋求学位，并非因为兴趣爱好，而是因为就业压力的影响。,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一页,Some people seek degrees, not for their interest, but because of the pressure of occupation.,下一页,Back,返回课文,应用：b. 我爱慕你，并非因为你娇美的外表，而是因为你的到来给我的生活赋予了新的内涵。,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一页,I yearn for you, not for your charming looks, but because your arrival has invested my life with new meanings.,下一页,Back,返回课文,原句: Its important to stay rational. (L. 73),III. Expressions & Patterns,4. Typical patterns for statement of ones ideas:,It is important/essential/desirable/better /advisable /difficult/(for sb.) to do sth. 重要的是至关重要的是理想的是最好是明智的是难的是做某事。,句型提炼,下一页,上一页,重要的是保持理性。,Back,返回课文,应用：a. 一辈子做一次好事并不难，难的是一辈子做好事，不做坏事。,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一页,It is easy for one to do good once in his life, but it is difficult for one to do good rather than evil all his life.,Back,返回课文,下一页,应用：b. 抵制歪风邪气很重要，但更重要的是扶植正气，改善社会环境。,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一页,It is important to combat evil social trends, but it is more important to foster healthy trends and improve social environments.,Back,返回课文,Being a solitary individual is traditionally, in American culture, _ as being an inspirational experience. Writers of _ and philosophy are great believers _ the creative benefits of it. _ individuals also have a very _ opinion of themselves for having _ their solitude. These _ people, as a general _, have had to find brief periods of _ outside their own homes _ their loved ones waited patiently for them to _. William Wordsworth would _ good-bye to,perceived,poetry,in,Such,high,sought out,creative,rule,solitude,while,return,wave,下一页,his sister before _ to study the flowers, _, while she _ the house and prepared dinner for a _ of hours. Thoreau is seen as admirable _ he was living in the woods all by himself. He had no one to talk to _ except for numerous daily visitors to his _ who constantly asked him about his _ at living without any company to talk to.,setting off,all alone,couple,tidied,because,at all,hut,nobility,上一页,下一页,X. Translate the following into English.,Poets and philosophers all speak highly of themselves for seeking out solitude, from which they can draw inspiration.,1. 诗人和哲学家都因能够独处而自视甚高，从独处中他们能获取灵感。,speak highly of oneself,上一页,Back,seek out solitude,下一页,上一页,A humble person tends to suffer from solitude, feeling himself inadequate company, longing for others to be around.,2. 感觉谦卑的人往往易受孤独的折磨，感到仅仅与自己相处远远不够，渴望有人做伴。,suffer from solitude,Back,long for others to be around,feel himself inadequate company,下一页,上一页,3. 那位寡居的老太太实在太孤独了，她会和在超市遇到的陌生人唠唠叨叨地说上老半天她的宠物。,the widowed old lady,The widowed old lady was so lonely that she would talk at length to the strangers in the supermarket about her pets.,talk at length about,Back,下一页,上一页,4. 孤独的感觉时起时落，但我们却永远需要与人交谈，把每日看到的想到的琐事向人倾诉。,the daily succession of small observations and opinions,The condition of loneliness rises and falls, but our need to talk goes on forever the need of telling someone the daily succession of small observations and opinions.,rise and fall,Back,下一页,上一页,5. 对一个独居的人来说，重要的是保持理性，安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，并在自身的条件下发现一些优雅和乐趣。,To a person living alone, its important to stay rational and settle down and make himself comfortable, and find some grace and pleasure in his condition.,settle down,Back,stay rational,find some grace and pleasure in ones condition,下一页,上一页,6. 若与别人同住，你会在与他们小别时感觉耳目一新。,If you live with other people, their temporary absence can be refreshing.,refreshing,Back,temporary absence,下一页,上一页,7. 科学调查表明，独居的人会对着自己，对着宠物，对着电视机唠叨不休。,Scientific surveys show that those who live alone talk at length to themselves and their pets and the television.,talk at length,Back,scientific surveys,those who live alone,上一页,8. 重要的是不再等待，安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，至少暂时要这样。,Its important to stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves comfortable, at least for the time being.,下一页,make oneself comfortable,Back,at least for the time being,. Writing,（知识性说明文）,How to Be in Life / Future,1. 生活中/将来人们都想,2. 要想实现这一愿望，你应 具备什么素质？,（划线部分可替换）,下一页,写作模式（知识性说明文）,1) Whether you are climbing the career ladder or just endeavoring to get through collegiate courses, I bet you desire to in life / future. 2) For example, sb. is eager to whereas sb. else longs to 3) To achieve this, however, you need to develop the qualities that the achievers share with one another.,Back,（划线部分可替换）,下一页,上一页,4) First of all, you need to 5) The more, the more (进一步说明) 6) Secondly, you need to 7) Such can offer you more chances to, thus (进一步说明) 8) Thirdly, you need to 9) The quality of enables you to (进一步说明) 10) Last, certainly not the least, you need to 11) Underlying this is sth. else that(进一步说明) 12) To sum up, the qualities of, as mentioned above, will place you on the way to,Back,下一页,上一页,How to Be Likable in Social Life,1) 在社交生活中人人都渴望被人喜欢。 2）要想叫人喜欢，你必须具备什么素质？,Back,下一页,上一页,1) Whether you are climbing the career ladder or just endeavoring to get through collegiate courses, I bet you desire to be likable in social life. 2) For example, a politician is eager to become the focus of the public worship whereas a student longs to be the center of others admiration. 3) To achieve this, however, you need to develop the qualities that the likable people share with one another.,Back,下一页,上一页,4) First of all, you need to make a strong connection to your “best self”. 5) The stronger connection you have to your best self now, the greater attraction you will hold to others. 6) Secondly, you need to find in yourself as much grace and virtue in common with others as possible. 7) Such common ground can offer you more chances to share your expertise and talents with others, thus leaving more of your mark on them. 8) Thirdly, you need to breed optimism. 9) The quality of being optimistic enables you to seek opportunity for those stuck in straits.,Back,上一页,10) Last, certainly not the least, you need to cultivate the ability to make others comfortable. 11) Underlying this ability is the sense of humor that fills up others world with happiness. 12) To sum up, the qualities of being at your best, sharing common ground with others, being optimistic, and keeping others comfortable, as mentioned above, will place you on the way to being the kind of person others enjoy being around.,THE END,Back,
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