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【考点诠释】纵观历年高考试题，代词的主要考点主要集中在以下几个方面：不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones；物主代词的用法；人称代词主格和宾格的用法；表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法；another，(the)other(s)，else；the rest的用法；every-，some-，any-，no-与-thing，-one，-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。考点1 人称代词一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。1用于无谓语的句子中一Does any of you know why Jack hasnt come yet?你们有谁知道杰克为什么还没有到吗?一Me我。特别提示答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：I can和I do，too/So do I2表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪Do you have good eyesight，young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗?一Me?I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。What?Me fight a big chap like him?Not me!什么?我同像他那样的大个子打架?不会是我！3代替as，than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)Im not as tall as him(he)我没有他个子高。)She is much more careful than me(I)她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all，both等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：He works harder than us a11他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。考点2指不代词1this/these，that/thosethis,these指代下面要说的内容；that，those指代上面陈述过的内容。如：What Id like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this关于如何提高我们的英语口语，我想说的是这样的。Thats allThank you我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown这里的薪水比我家乡的高。2一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定Whos that?你是谁?(打电话用语)This is Mary我是Mary。(打电话用语)Thats all right/OK不用谢。(对感谢的答语)ThatS nothing没什么。(对道歉的答语) Thats that就这么定了。(表示决定不能更改)ThatS all就这些了。That is那就是3 this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度 It isnt that cold还没那么冷。考点3不定代词以下是几组易混不定代词：1some类不定代词与any类不定代词(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如：Raise your hands if you have any questions如果你们有问题，请举手。(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some类的不定代词。如：Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么”。如：She promised that she could do anything for you她许诺能为你做任何事情。2all，both，neither，none(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”，both指两者“都”。如：Both(of)his hands were wounded他的两只手都受伤了。All(of)his fingers were wounded他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)(2)neither表示“两个都不”，常和of连用，放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：Neither of the twins is/are correct那两个双胞胎都不正确。None of us has/have ever been to the Great wall我们没有人去过长城。3any，either，each，every(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。也可用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一”的概念；还可以用来修饰可数名词单数，表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：I didnt eat any meat我一点儿肉也没吃。4no，none，nothing，nobody(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a或not any，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：None of the books is suitable for the young这些书都不适合年轻人读。一How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人?一None没人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：一Who is in the room?谁在屋内?一Nobody没有人。5it，one，ones， that和those(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this，that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：Where is that book?I cant find it那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。I havent got any erasersWill you please give me one?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗?(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和the one可互换使用。如：The book isnt so interesting as the one/that you borrowed这本书不如你借的那本有趣。(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。Your coat is blue，and my new one is green你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk桌上的那些书比桌下的好。6another，other，others，more(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”，表示”再，又”。如：was there another way out?还有别的路出去吗?wed better wait another five minutes我们最好再等五分钟。特别提示表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：Done remained and the other went away一个留下了，另一个走了。We should learn to treat others as equals我们应该学会平等待人。7something，anything，everything，nothing(1)something一般用在肯定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：There isnt anything inside里面什么也没有。(3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything。如：Everything is good when new，but friends when old东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：Do nothing by halves凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)Fools learn nothing from wise men，but wise men learn much from fools愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)典例1： Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A somethingB anything C nothing D everything典例2： Jane was asked a lot of questions，but she didnt answer of themAother Bany Cnone Dsome典例3： Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parentsAthose Bone Cboth Dthat考点4 反身代词1反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语The text itself is very easy这篇课文本身很简单。(作主语的同位语)(Either)Jane or yourself will go there要么Jane去，要么你自己去。(作并列主语，但不能单独作主语)He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first自嘲者不会让人嘲笑。Respect yourself，or no one else will respect you要人尊敬，必须自重。2主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself，enjoy oneself，help oneself，throw oneself，look after oneself3在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适I dont know whatS the matter with meIm not myself today4用在交际英语中Help yourself!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!Make yourself at home!别拘束!Dont upset yourself!别自寻煨商了15辨别几组搭配by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；ofoneselft动地；to oneself独占，独用典例：Isnt it amazing how the human body heals after an injury?Ahimself Bhim Citself Dit考点5 it的用法在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：1指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。如：Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isnt true据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：一What is this?这是什么?一Its a bike是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：The baby cried because it Was hungry婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)一Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?一Its me是我o(5)指环境、情形等。如：I cant stand it any longer我再也不能容忍这种情况了。Take it easy别紧张。It doesnt matter没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：Its getting colder and colder now现在越来越冷了。It is winter now现在是冬天了。2形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：(I)Its no use crying over split milk覆水难收。It takes three generations to make a gentleman十年树木，百年树人。 (2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。特别提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。The boy likes it when you do that那个男孩喜欢你那样做。3强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。代词考点 代词考点典型陷阱题分析1. _ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who everWhoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。_ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _ it and they each _ to buy one. A. like, wantB. likes, wantsC. likes, wantD. like, wants3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _ country in Asia.A. anyB. any otherC. otherD. another比较下面一题：China is larger than _ country in Asia.A. any B. any other C. other D. another4. “What do you think of them?” “I dont know _ is better, so Ive taken _ of them.”A. what, bothB. what, noneC. which, bothC. which, none5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “_ will do, but milk is _ popular with me.”A. Neither, notB. Both, moreC. Either, the mostD. All, the most6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. whereB. what C. howD. which请看类似试题：(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, Ive forgotten _.” A. whatB. when C. whichD. who(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I cant remember _.A. whatB. whenC. whichD. whom7. These trousers are dirty and wet Ill change into my _. A. anotherB. trousersC. othersD. other8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _. A. otherB. the otherC. the othersD. another (1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _ one?A. otherB. the otherC. the othersD. another(2) I have many such novels. Ill bring _ tomorrow.A. otherB. the otherC. the othersD. another(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _. A. otherB. the otherC. the othersD. another比较以下各例： (1) Shut _ eye, Jim.A. anotherB. some otherC. otherD. the other(2) Its sometimes hard to tell one twin from _.A. anotherB. some otherC. otherD. the other9. There are four bedrooms, _ with its own bathroom. A. allB. eachC. everyD. either10. “Its said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _ but a wise leader.”A. anythingB. anyoneC. anybodyD. anywhere11. Tell _ you like it makes no difference to me.A. anyoneB. whoC. whoeverD. what同样地，请看以下类似试题：(1) _ comes is welcome.A. AnyoneB. Who C. Anyone whoD. Everyone(2) _ comes to see me, tell him Im out.A. AnyoneB. WhoC. WhoeverD. Everyone(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who比较下例It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. whoB. whoeverC. whomD. whomever12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _ easy and that we should think _ over carefully.A. such, itB. that, itC. such, 不填D. that，不填13. The camera isnt good enough; I want to change _.A. anotherB. a good oneC. it with anotherD. it for another14. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing 请看一个类似的例子：_ likes money, but money is not _. A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anythingC. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything15. “Is there _ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：“Is there _ here?” “Yes, Im upstairs. Please come and help me.”A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody请再看一例：“Do you have _ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing16. “If you want a necklace, Ill buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _ that I need most.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything同样地，(1) Its not _ that we want to talk about; lets change the subject. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything(2) Its not _ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything(3) Self-control is not _ that comes with your birth.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything(4) This is not _ that would disturb me anyway. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything17. Some say one thing, but _.A. other, anotherB. others, another C. others, the otherD. the others, others18. He is a hard-working student, _ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses. A. thatB. heC. oneD. which类似地，(1) A table made of steel costs more than _ made of wood.A. oneB. itC. thoseD. which(2)“Why dont we take a little break?” “Didnt we just have _?” A. itB. thatC. oneD. this(3) The question is _ of great importance. A. thatB. itC. oneD. what(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she cant afford to buy _.A. one B. itC. them D. the one(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. A. thatB. one C. itD. what精编陷阱题训练1. Toms mother always told him not to smoke again, but _ didnt help.A. heB. itC. whichD. as2. Both teams were in hard training; _ was willing to lose the game.A. eitherB. neitherC. anotherD. the other3. There he pointed to _ looked like a stone and said thats _ you had to carry home.A. that, thatB. what, whatC. which, whatD. as, which4. I know nothing about the accident except _ I read in the paper. A. thatB. forC. whatD. 不填5. Energy is _ makes one work.A. whatB. somethingC. anythingD. that6. Dont go to _ places where there is no fresh air.A. suchB. soC. thoseD. which7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _?A. someoneB. anyoneC. everyoneD. no one8. Im afraid we cant have coffee; theres _ left.A. nothingB. noneC. no oneD. no any9. _ worries me is _ were going to pay for all this.A. It, thatB. That, howC. What, howD. As, that10. He just does _ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else. A. thatB. whatC. whichD. how11. _ of you comes first will get the ticket. A. WhichB. WhicheverC. WhoD. Whatever12. His income is double _ it was five years ago. A. thatB. whichC. asD. what13. If you want a friend, youll find _ in me. A. oneB. itC. thatD. him14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _ better. A. everythingB. anythingC. nothingD. something15. Do you know _ friends are coming to our party?A. whose elsesB. whos elseC. whose elseD. who elses16. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. No matter who17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. whomeverB. anyone C. whoeverD. no matter who18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _, but failed.A. noneB. eitherC. allD. neither19. Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like? _. They are not so nice as I expected.A. NeitherB. AllC. NothingD. None20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept _of the three suggestions made by the Students Union.A. eitherB. neitherC. anyD. none 21. “Theres coffee and tea; you can have _.” “Thanks.”A. eitherB. eachC. oneD. it22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _day you like; its all the same to me.”A. oneB. anyC. anotherD. some 23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing.”A. himB. heC. ID. meit的用法考点典型陷阱题分析1. Everyone knows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it请做以下类似试题：(1) I know _ is important to know my own limitations, but _ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it(2) Yes, _ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it2. I dislike _ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.A. thatB. thoseC. itD. them句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I dont like it when (if) 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。请做以下类似试题(1) I hate _ if people say such things in public. A. thatB. thoseC. itD. them(2) Id prefer _ if I didnt have to get up early on Sundays. A. thatB. suchC. itD. which(3) I would appreciate _ very much if you could give me some suggestions.A. thisB. thatC. itD. you3. Ive no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didnt ask who _ was. A. heB. thatC. sheD. it比较：(1) Mr Smith is at the door. _ wants to see you.(2) Someone is at the door. _ must be Mr Smith.A. HeB. ItC. ThisD. That4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I cant find a repair shop.” “I know _ nearby. Come on, Ill show you.”A. oneB. itC. someD. thatit 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如：I havent got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen)I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。(one = a pen)I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen)在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy _.A. itB. one C. anotherD. any5. Will you see to _ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?A. itB. meC. yourselfD. themit 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为“负责”、“注意”，其中的 to 为介词，不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词 it。请做下面两题，(1) Ill see to _ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.A. itB. meC. whichD. them(2) Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?A. meB. yourselfC. itD. them类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。(1) You may depend on _ that he will turn up in time. A. itB. meC. whichD. them(2) I cant answer for _ that the boy is honest. A. itB. meC. whichD. them精编陷阱题训练1. Why shouldnt I buy a new coat I havent bought _ for five years. A. itB. that C. oneD. which2. He made _ known to his friends that he didnt want to enter politics. A. thatB. itC. himselfD. him3. It used to be thought _ the Earth was flat.A. asB. whenC. sinceD. that4. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. theyB. it C. oneD. which5. _ is well known _ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.A. It, thatB. As, /C. As, asD. It, which6. I dont know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum. I leave _ to your own judgment whether you should do it.A. thatB. itC. thisD. what7. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?A. thisB. thatC. heD. it8. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. ThisB. ThatC. ThereD. It9. They live on a busy main road. _ must be very noisy. A. ThereB. ItC. ThatD. They10. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. thisB. whatC. thatD. it 11. “Look at that lady on the stage. Shes already forty.” “You are joking. She doesnt look _.”A. soB. itC. thatD. this13. _ was known to them all that William had broken his promise _ he would give each of them a gift. A. As; WhichB. What; thatC. It; thatD. It; which 14. In the west, people make _ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.A. thisB. thatC. itD. the following【试题放送】2013年试题（2013高考英语四川卷）2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _
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