2021版高三英语一轮复习课时提能练16Module4GreatScientists外研版必修4

2021版高三英语一轮复习课时提能练16Module4GreatScientists外研版必修4 Module 4Great Scientists(限时：35分钟)(对应学生用书第339页).阅读理解(2017甘肃诊断)The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists，the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday.The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided，with one half awarded to David JThouless，the other half to FDuncan MHaldane and JMichael Kosterlitz“for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter(拓扑相变和拓扑相物质)”Haldane said he was“very surprised”at the news，adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many，and that they revealed“more possibilities for looking for new materials.”He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.The years prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona，and will be split properly between the three winners.The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes，in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded.The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation(基金会)can award each year.The purse has increased since the 1980s，when the prize money was 880，000 SEK per prize.In 2009，the monetary award was 10 million SEK.In June 2012，it was lowered to 8 million SEK.If there are two winners of a particular prize，the award money is divided equally between the winners.If there are three，the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally，or award onehalf to one winner and onequarter to each of the others.It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific，cultural，or charitable causes.【语篇解读】本文介绍了2016年诺贝尔物理学奖的归属以及诺贝尔奖的相关知识，包括奖金的金额、来源和分配。1How much prize money does Thouless get?A8 million Swedish krona.B6 million Swedish krona.C4 million Swedish krona.D2 million Swedish krona.C考查推理判断。根据第一段第二句“The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided，with one half awarded to David JThouless.”及第三段“The years prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona.”可知，2016年的奖金是800万瑞典克朗，而索利斯获得了一半的奖金。故选C项。2According to the passage，Haldane thought that his work Awas far from endingBwas based on many previous studiesChad perfectly been completedDhad surprised the whole worldA考查细节理解。根据文章第二段最后一句“He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.”可知，霍尔丹指出还有很多工作仍在进行，即远远没有结束。故选A项。3The amount of prize money Ahas been ever increasing since the 1980sBhas been ever decreasing since the 1980sCremains 880，000 SEK each year after 2012Ddiffers according to the Nobel Foundations affordabilityD考查细节理解。根据文章第四段可知，诺贝尔奖的奖金金额并不是固定的，而是根据每年诺贝尔基金会所能奖励的金额而决定。故选D项。4What does the last paragraph talk about?AThe purpose of the award money.BThe number of winners per prize.CHow the winners are selected.DHow the award money is dealt with.D考查主旨大意。最后一段讲了诺贝尔奖奖金的分配及获奖人如何利用这些奖金。故选D项。 .阅读七选五(2017南昌十校二模)Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？ 1 Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.Clean the toilet with Coke.Its amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. 2 Youll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners.Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours.Then let water wash the toilet!Remove water stains with orange peels.Youve just eaten an orange. 3 Do not throw away those orange peels.You can use the skins to clean stainless steel.Your appliances will shine again after you rub(擦)them with the skins.The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.Use banana peels to polish leather furniture.Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs.Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. 4 Afterwards，remove the leftover with a cloth.This trick is simple and cheap.Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again. 5 Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic(无毒的)？Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl.Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid.Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture.Use it to clean windows and mirrors.Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.AWait a minute!BMake your own glass cleaner.CFollow the steps given below.DOf course your answer is“yes”EThey leave no marks or scratches.FInstead of drinking it，use it to clean the toilet bowl.GThey are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无需购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。1C根据空前的“Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？”和空后的“Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.”以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。2F本段讲的是用可乐清理厕所，故F项“你可以不喝可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。3A根据下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels”可知，吃了橘子后，稍待片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。4E根据上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，使污痕或划痕统统不见。所以选E。5B根据下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic(无毒的).”“Use it to clean windows and mirrors.Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。.语法填空(2017银川检测)World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year.It 1. (start)by the LitWorld website in 2010 and has now reached 65 countries.The aim is to encourage people worldwide who cannot read to enjoy the benefits of books.The website asks everyone 2. (celebrate)the day by taking a book，finding an audience，and reading out aloud.It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write 3. (belong)to all people.The website asks 4. (visit)to join in the movement to reduce 5. number of illiterate(不识字的)people in the world.It is 6. (absolute)necessary to help those who cannot read.The website says，“Its time to start by reading aloud to 7. might like it.Share a book with a child who might need it，share a story with someone who would treasure it，and listen patiently 8. someone elses story as they share with you.”The United Nations says，“Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals，to develop their knowledge，9. to participate fully in society.”In that way，World Read Aloud Day does help make a 10. (different)【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了World Read Aloud Day(世界朗读日)。1was started考查动词的时态和语态。World Read Aloud Day 在2010年由LitWorld网站发起。根据语境可知，此处需要用start的被动形式，又因时间状语是“in 2010”，故用一般过去时。2to celebrate考查非谓语动词。句意：这个网站要求每个人通过拿本书、找到听众、大声朗读的方式来庆祝这个活动。ask sb.to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”。3belongs考查主谓一致。句意：这一活动是关于采取行动向世界表明阅读和写作的权利是属于所有人的。根据句子成分可知，从句的主语为the right，为单数，故填belongs。4visitors考查名词复数。根据语境可知，网站让游客来参加活动，游客不止一个，且空前没有冠词修饰，故填visitors。5the考查冠词。the number of.是固定搭配，表示“的数量”。6absolutely考查副词。句意：帮助那些不能阅读的人是完全有必要的。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子，故此处应用absolutely。7whoever考查宾语从句。是开始为任何可能喜欢书的人大声朗读的时候了。whoever引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语。8to考查介词。listen to 是固定短语，意为“听”。9and考查连词。根据语境和句子成分可知，空处前后表示并列关系，故用and。10difference考查名词。make a difference为固定短语，意为“有作用，有影响”。 【导学号：44040191】.短文改错(2017西安一模)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student at a ordinary school.Although I felt disappointed at the shabby campus and my poorlyequipped classroom，but I found the teachers impatient and considerate.Beside，I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.I decided to make the best it.I worked hard and got along good with my teachers and classmates.Whenever I had difficulties，they are always available.Soon，I became one of the top student in my class，that greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who we are.【答案】Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student at ordinary school.Although I felt disappointed at the shabby campus and my poorlyequipped classroom， I found the teachers and considerate.，I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.I decided to make the best it.I worked hard and got along with my teachers and classmates.Whenever I had difficulties，they always available.Soon，I became one of the top in my class， greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who are.第一处：aan考查冠词。ordinary以元音音素开头，其前应用不定冠词an。故将a改为an。第二处：删除but或butyet考查连词。although为连词，意为“尽管”，不与but 连用，但可与副词yet连用，故删除but或将but改为yet。第三处：impatientpatient考查形容词。根据上文Although I felt disappointed at the shabby campus and my poorlyequipped classroom 可知，尽管作者很失望，但作者发现老师们既贴心又有耐心。故将impatient改为patient。第四处：BesideBesides考查副词。位于句首作状语，应用副词；beside为介词，意为“在旁边”，besides意为“此外；而且”，为副词。故将Beside改为Besides。第五处：best后加of考查固定搭配。make the best of为固定短语，意为“充分利用”。第六处：goodwell考查副词。get along well with.为固定搭配，意为“与相处得好”。第七处：arewere考查时态。根据上文Whenever I had difficulties及全文主体时态为一般过去时可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故将are改为were。第八处：studentstudents考查名词。one of.意为“之一”，其后接可数名词复数形式，student为可数名词，故将student改为students。第九处：thatwhich考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句(前有逗号)，先行词为前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，因此，应用which引导该从句。故将that改为which。第十处：weyou考查代词。根据上文中的what you are given和how you make use of it 可知，此处指“你”，故将we改为you。 【导学号：44040192】20