冀教版英语八年级下册Unit 3-5单元语法总结

3单元语法总结：some与any的用法我们用some或者any表示事物的数量。一、some与any的区别some常用在肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。some和any作定语时，可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。例如：There are _ boys playing games on the playground. 在操场上，有一些男孩正在玩游戏。They didnt have _ friends here. 他们在这里没有朋友。I have _ work to do today. 今天我有些工作要做。Have you got _ questions to ask? 你有问题要问吗？【注意】当我们主动提供帮助或要求时，在问句中我们可以用some。当我们希望得到肯定的回答时，也可用some。例如：Would you like some coffee _ sugar? 你想要一些加糖的咖啡吗？二、some与any的特殊用法 any用于肯定句，表示“任何”的意思。例如：You may take any of them. 你可以拿走它们中的_。 some用于单数可数名词前，表示“某个”。例如：Jack went to some place in England. 杰克去了英国_。some可以用在表示委婉请求或邀请的问句中。例如：Would you like some bananas? 你想吃一些香蕉吗？/ Could you give me some water? 你可以给我一些水吗？3单元无缝对接考法1：考查词义辨析1. (山东东营) What _ will global warming (全球变暖) bring us? Scientists have given us a clear list.A. newsB. dangersC. coursesD. advantages2. (山西) Mrs. Li, will you be angry _ your students dont obey the rules in class? A little. But I will stop them in a friendly way.A. ifB. unlessC. thoughD. until3. (乌鲁木齐) Excuse me, is this the right way to Childrens Park? Sorry, Im not sure. But it _ be.A. might B. must C. need D. can4. (呼和浩特) He invited some classmates to come to his party, but _ came.A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few考法2：考查非谓语动词5. (四川南充) She used to _ a bus to school, but now she is used to _ to school.A. taking; walkC. taking; walkingB. take; walkD. take; walking考法3：考查单词拼写及短语运用6. (湖北随州) (根据所给汉语提示完成句子，每空一词) He _ not answer questions in class, because he is afraid of _ mistakes. 他不敢在课堂上回答问题，因为他害怕出错。7. (四川广元) (根据句意，用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空) He is very _ (friend ) to others, so he has lots of friends there. 8. (湖北襄阳) (根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子)I feel too nervous to open my mouth when I meet too many people. What shall I do?Be confident. Remember _(别怕在公众面前讲话).考法4：考查句型结构9. (四川宜宾) Mike is _, but his brother is much _. A. heavy; heavierB. heavy; heaviestC. heavier; heaviestD. heavier; the heaviest10. (湖南益阳) Shes been to shanghai before, _? A. isnt she B. hasnt she C. has sheD. is she考法5：考查介词搭配11. (湖北随州) 它因成功帮助无家可归的人重返正常生活而闻名。(根据所给汉语提示完成句子，每空一词)It is famous _ its success in helping _ people return to a normal life.12. (哈尔滨) The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in _ the open window, making us feel in good mood (心情).A. on B. with C. throughD. across13. (广州) I couldnt do it _ your great help. Thanks a lot! A. with B. without C. for D. to4单元语法总结：if引导的条件状语从句一、条件状语从句的含义 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中，作主句状语的句子叫作状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为很多种，if引导的句子在复合句中表示条件，作主句的条件状语，因此称为条件状语从句。If you dont hurry, youll be late. _。_. 如果他来，请让我知道。二、条件状语从句的结构if引导的条件状语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句之前(这时要和主句用逗号隔开)，也可以放在主句的后面(不用逗号)。条件状语从句的结构为：If +陈述句，主语+谓语(=主语+谓语+ if +陈述句)，意为“如果，就”。例如：If you ask him, he _. 如果你问他，他将会告诉你答案。I hope to visit her if Im free. 如果_，我希望去看望她。三、if引导的条件状语从句与主句时态的一致性在复合句中，从句中的动词的时态在一定程度上受到主句中动词的时态的制约，英语语法中称为时态呼应。1. 在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时表将来。例如：If _ tomorrow, I will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我将待在家里。If you study hard, you will _. 如果你努力学习，你就会通过这次考试。2. 如果主句含有must, may, can等情态动词，从句要用一般现在时。例如：If you _, you may have an accident. 如果你开得太快，你可能会出事故。3. 如果主句是祈使句，从句要用一般现在时。例如：Dont go and play football if you dont finish your homework. 如果你没有完成你的家庭作业，就不要去踢足球。Please _ if you have any questions. 如果你们有问题，请举手。四、其他可以引导条件状语从句的词条件状语从句除用if引导外，还可以用unless(除非)，as / so long as(只要)等引导。例如：He will not leave unless it is fine tomorrow. 除非_，否则他不会离开。We should serve the people as / so long as we live. 只要_，我们就应为人民服务。4单元中考无缝对接考法1：考查固定结构1. (孝感市)“Food Safety” has become one of _ topics recently. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest2. (莱芜市) It is _ for me to go shopping. There is a new supermarket near my home. A. difficult B. important C. impossible D. convenient3. (十堰市)Could you please tell me _? Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it. A. where is Mount WudangB. how can I get to Wulong River C. what is Shennongjia famous for D. if there will be a new airport in Shiyan4. (苏州市) The park is far away from here indeed. Its about _ walk. A. a three hourB. a three hoursC. a three-hours D. a three-hour5. (四川省) We are planning to go for a picnic this weekend, but it _ the weather. A. keeps on B. puts on C. depends onD. comes on考法2：考查短语辨析6. (昆明市)We are supposed to _ a solution to stop people from looking down at their mobile phones while driving cars. A. come up with B. come from C. come out D. come true7. (哈尔滨市) Our school is planning to _ a band to give the students a chance to show their musical talent. A. take up B. set up C. pick upD. put up考法3：考查词义辨析8.(泉州市)Would you like some milk? No, thanks. I dont like it, _ I know its good for my health A. because B. though C. ifD. unless9. (绥化市) It will _ them several years to learn English well. A. cost B. take C. spendD. pay10. (连云港市)Would you please see the film with me tonight, Kate? Id love to, but Ive _ Lindas invitation to dinner. A. suffered B. earned C. received D. accepted11. (杭州市) I believe youll make _ progress if you work harder.A. greater B. lessC. the greatest D. the least考法4：考查词汇运用wise below Africa invent express12. (嘉兴市：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空) The world changed faster after the _ of the computer.child; celebrate; reduce; show interest in; win an awardchat with; for free; go running; be proud of; take photos13. (连云港市：从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空) _ the World Book Day, the book shop sold books at a discount on April 23rd.5单元语法总结：that引导的宾语从句在句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其中在主句与从句之间有一个引导词。that引导的宾语从句，请注意以下几点：一、引导词that省略与否分以下两种情况： 1. 可以省略连词that引导宾语从句，只起连接主、从句的作用，它本身无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。例如：He says (that) he is a teacher. 他说他是一名老师。 2. 不可以省略(1) 从句的主语是that时，that不省略。例如：We know that that is _. 我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。(2) that引导的宾语从句中若再有复合句，that不能省略。例如：I think that if you have lost the library book, you must _. 我认为如果你已把图书馆的书丢失了，你就必须赔偿。(3)主、从句之间有插人语时，that不能省略。例如：It says here in the newspaper, that English is getting _. 报纸上写着，英语正变得越来越重要。二、何时使用that引导的宾语从句？ that引导的宾语从句，用于陈述一件事，即由陈述句转化而来。例如：He says something. He is listening to the weather report. He says (that) he is listening to the weather report. 他说他 正在听天气预报。1. 主句的谓语动词是think, hear, hope, wish, remember, forget, know, say, guess等时，常接that引导的宾语从句。例如：I hope (that) he will be fine soon. 我希望他很快_。 2. 主句由“连系动词+形容词”构成的系表结构，常接that引导的宾语从句。这类形容词多表示感情，如happy, glad, pleased, sad, sure, afraid等。例如：Im _ (that) he cant come. 我恐怕他不能来了。三、that引导的宾语从句的其他用法：1. 语序不论什么情况下，宾语从句都要用陈述语序，即“主语+谓语+其他”。例如：Do you think? The radio is too noisy. (合并成主从句) Do you think (that) the radio is too noisy? 你认为收音机太吵吗？ 2. 时态that引导的宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从句可以用符合句意要求的任一时态。例如：He says (that) they _ already. 他说他们已经回来了。/ He tells me that he was _ 1985. 他告诉我他生于1985年。注意：如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态的某种形式，如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。例如：He said (that) he _ a new dictionary. 他说他买了本新词典。I knew they _ studying English. 我知道他们正在学英语。Our teacher told us that light _ faster than sound. 我们的老师告诉我们，光比声音传播得快。He said that time _ life. 他说时间就是生命。5单元中考无缝对接考法1：考查词汇运用1. (四川乐山中考：根据句意及汉语提示，写出空自处所缺单词的正确形式) Jim wants to buy a new iPhone. It will _ (花费) him more than 5000 yuan.2. (四川宜宾中考：根据汉语意思完成句子)这个MP4虽然最便宜，但是和其他几个的质量一样好。This MP4 is the _, but it is as _ as other one.3. (湖北荆门中考：根据汉语意思及句末括号内所给的英语单词完成句子)我想知道明天他会不会准时参加会议。_ hell come to the meeting on time tomorrow. (wonder)4. (山东烟台中考：根据汉语意思完成句子)我惊奇地发现他今天穿着一件最时髦的夹克。 I was _ that he wore a jacket in the latest _ today.5. (山东济宁中考：根据句意及汉语提示完成句子)Most foreign visitors are very _ (兴趣) in Chinese traditional culture.6. (四川乐山中考：根据汉语意思完成句子)专家建议我们在雾霾天不要一直开着窗户。 Experts advised us not to _ the windows _ all the time on hazy days. 考法2：考查词形变化7. (甘肃平凉中考：用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空)You need hard work and luck if you want to achieve your dream _ (successful).8. (甘肃兰州中考：根据句意及汉语提示写出单词)Ten people, _ (包含) a baby, were hurt in the crash.考法3：考查单词拼写9. (重庆中考) We should think of others if we want to _ them. A. get on well with B. hear of C. get ready for D. hear from考法4：考查词义辨析10. (广西南宁中考) The bell rang _ the teacher was explaining the experiment to the students. A. until B. before C. while D. after11. (浙江台州中考) The fruits are _, because they were picked from the garden just now. A. fresh B. cheap C. big D. unhealthy12.(湖北武汉中考) May I have a look at your plan for the robot competition, Mr. Smith? Sorry, Mrs. Brown. Ive _ it at home. A. missed B. forgotten C. left D. lost13. (湖北武汉中考) Hows Bob now?I heard the company _ him a very good job, but he turned it down. A. donated B. served C. offered D. introduced 14. (黑龙江绥化中考) _ in the room knew me, but I didnt know _.A. Every; himB. Everyone; themC. Every one; those考法5：考查固定搭配15. (山东烟台中考) Why do you speak in _ a loud voice?Because I want to make myself _ clearly. A. such; hear B. so; heard C. such; heardD. so; hear16. (湖北宜昌中考) Not only the young but also the old are getting interested _ WeChat (微信).They can communicate more freely. A. by B. about C. in D. for参考答案1. cost2. cheapest, good3. I wonder if4. surprised, fashion / style5. interested6. keep, open7. successfully8. including9-10. AC11-15. ACCBC16. C- 6 - 冀教版英语八年级下册Unit 3-5单元语法总结