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the common wealth of Nationsthe group of seven，USA，France,UK,Germany,Italy,Canada,JaEngland1 London ,government ,finance,culture,centure2.1 AD 1st tribal kingdoms2.2 43AD Roman Empire(E W)2.3 Angles and Saxon , King Arthur ,round table(S)2.4 8c ,Scandinavia ,Vikings,King Alfred the Great(ews)2.5 1066 Williams the Conqueror(e w). The Tower of London3 Robin Hood outlaw4 a gap of 11 years ,Oliver Grownwell5 William of Orange and Mary 2Scotland1 Glasgow and Edinburgh.2 Hadrians wall3 Macbeth4 1609 Queen Elizabeth the firstJames the sixth of Scotlandfirst of England5 1707 joined the Union6 1998 the Scotland act1999 first election of MPWales1 Cadiff2 the Prince of W ,Edward the first son of the Monarch3 1536 joined the Union4 language ,the Old British Celtic tongue5 Plaid Cymur ,MPNorthern Ireland1 Belfast(biggest capital)2 Protestant US Roman Catholic3 1914 The third Home Rule was overtaken by the First World War4 1916 The Easter RisingDublins Post Office,Force the British to ratake it by militancy means,leader of the rebellion were executed.4.1916 THe Easter Rising 复活节起义Dublins Post office ,force the british to retake it by militarymeans,leader of the rebellion were executed5.1919 Irish Republican Army1)the provisional IRA is the radicalfaction of the IRA force and arms6 Sinn Feina legal party in Northern IrelandThe bullet and the Ballot Boxpolicy supports the IRA7. THE Anglo-Irish Agreement 19858.The Good Friday 1998.4.10muti-party negotiationsNorthern Ireland remains parts of the UK and it wont change its political statusunless the majority of the people of NI agree goverment by serveral jurisdictions:The Republic of Ireland,Great Britain,its own elected executive government of 10 ministers9.Bloody Sunday,1972.1.3013 Catholics,a peaceful civil rightsmarch,468 people died.1） The monarchy1.1066 the Norman Conquest2.throne 王位 heir 继承人 sovereign君主3.Magna Carta1215also named the Great Charter baron贵族 John the First2）THe Parliament1.1236， was first used2.the House of lords ，represent themselfthe lords spritual，archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of Englandthe lords Temporal have inheritedthe seat from their forefathers3.the House of Commons646 members of Parliamentsthe real center of british political liferepresent the interests of the peopleelected in the General Election4.1689,the Bill of rights1688,King James 2s daughter Mary and herhusband Williamauthorities权利：King would never ignore Parliament.3)the Prime Minister and Cabinet4)Parliamentary democracy议会制共和制constitutional monarchy君主立宪制5）statute law 成文法the common lawsconventions 习惯法parliamentarian 议员6）The constitutionThe foundation of the British state arelaid out in1.statute law 2.the common laws 3.conventions7)Parliament function1.passes laws2.provide the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation3.Scrutinise government policy adnubustration and expenditure花费4.debate the major issues of the day8)the role of Monarchy todaysymbolise the tradition and unity of the British statelegally head of the executive行政部门an intergral part of the legislatuer立法机关head of the judiciary司法机关commander inchief of the armed forcessupermen governor of the church of Englandl election1.a government can in power for 5 years2.the Prime Minster can call an election sooner than 5 years2)the Conservative Party the Labour Party the Liberal democrats3)The formation of the government651 members are elected from651 constituenciesparty holds a majority seatsparty leader is Prime Minister4)The election campaigns advertisement in newspapersdoor-to-door campaignpostal delivery of leafletsparty electoral broadcasts on the TVattack and criticise the opponents policies/aggressive & critical5)class systen in British sociaty1.most of the people claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class2.some people actually the upper middle-class or lower middle-class3.not simple divided by economic and culture4.differ in the kind of newspapers in the way they speak ,in the kind of education5.distinctive feature:aristocratic titles can be inherited.与众不同的贵族特征权利/爵位会被继承1) Margaret Thatcher Reform 1979-19911.1979，The Conservative Party,Margaret Thatcher,radical reform2.bureaucracy was reduced3.privatisation in the 1980s4.inflation came under control,business,made profits5,a rapid increase in unemployment2)Privatisation in the 1980s1.a particularly had period in the 1970s,high rates of inflation and devaluation of the pound2. State-owned business (steel,telecom,gas,aerospace )were turn into private companies3.successful in controlling inflation unemployment rate increased rapidly1)early writing 1.Beowulf2.Geoffrey Chaucer,The Canterbury Tales2)Elizabeth1.Marlowe,The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus2.Williams Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet,Harlet,Othello,King Lear,Macbeth,The Tanming of the Shrew ,A midsummer Nights Dream,Twelfth Night,The Tempest3)17th c1.king James Bible2.Francis Bacon,The New Atlantis3. John Milton ,Paradise Lost ,Paradise Regained,Samson Agonistes4.)18th c skepticism1.Jonathan Surift Cullivers Travels2.Daniel Defoe,Robinson Crusoe5)Romantic Period1. George Gordon ByronChilde Harolds Pilgrimage,Don Juan2.John Keats,Ode on a Grecian Urn,Ode to a Nightingale3.Percy Bysshe Shelley ,Ode to the West Wind,to a Skylark4.Jane Austen,Sense and Sensibility,Pride and Prejudice,Emma5.Bront sistersCharlotte Bront,Jane EyreEmily,Wuthering HeightsAnn6.Charles Dickens, Pickwick Papers,Oliver Twist,David lopperfield,Great Expectations,A Talk of Two Cities7. Thomas Hardy,Tess of the DUrbervilles,Jude the Obscure6)Modernism and Postmodernism1.Joseph Conrad,The heart of DarknessVirginia Woolf,Mrs Dalloway To the Lighthouse,Orlando,A Room of ones,s own.7)Romanticism1. The first third of the 19th c2.concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason3.Keats,Byron,Shelley4.nevels8)Modernism1.Mainly Written before WW22.a reaction against Realism3.express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works.4.disorganized,Hurd to understand 5.portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual,rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action6.Virginia Wolf
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