新视野第四册讲稿

Unit 1Teaching aim：1. To learn and talk about fame;2. To develop a paragraph supported by details;3. To hold an interview on those celebrities;4. To explore the potential meaning in the latest news.Teaching methods：Heuristic teaching, discussion in groups within and outside class, multimedia approachPeriods: 12课时：Section A部分的单词讲解及课文分析34课时：复习Section A部分主要内容，讲解Section A部分练习56课时： Section B部分的单词讲解及课文分析14课时Section A The Tail of Fame1. Pre-reading1. 1 Background information Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)As one of the most famous American novelists, short story writers and essayists, Hemingway was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature. His deceptively simple prose style has influenced a wide range of writers. His serious novel The Sun Also Rises appeared in 1926. The novel deals with a group of expatriates in France and Spain, members of the disillusioned post-World War I Lost Generation. It became his first great success as a novelist. The Old Man and the Sea, published first in Life magazine in 1952, again restored his fame. The 27,000 word novella told a story of an old Cuban fisherman named Santiago, who finally catches a giant marlin after weeks of not catching anything. As he returns to the harbor, the sharks eat the fish lashed to his boat. On July 2, 1961, Hemingway committed suicide with his favorite shotgun at his home.Robert Frost (1874-1963)As one of Americas leading 20th-century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize, Frost wrote poems whose philosophical dimensions transcend any region. His poetry is thus both traditional and experimental, regional and universal. He unquestionably succeeded in realizing his lifes ambition: to write “a few poems where they will be hard to get rid of.”Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)Renoir was a famous French painter, and one of the founders and exponents of the Impressionist Movement. His works are characterized by an extraordinary richness of feelings, warmth of response to the world and the people in it. Renoir once said: “Why shouldnt art be pretty? There are enough unpleasant things in the world.”Steven Spielberg (1946-)He has ever been perhaps Hollywoods best-known director and one of the wealthiest filmmakers in the world, and also one of the most influential film personalities in the history of film. Spielberg has directed or produced many of the top-grossing films in Hollywood history, including E.T.: The Extra-Terrestria, Schindlers List, Saving Private Ryan, etc. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)Beethoven is a German composer, universally recognized as one of the greatest composers of the Western European music tradition. Beethovens works crowned the classical period and also effectively initiated the romantic era in music. His astonishing Third Symphony (1803) was the thunderclap that announced the romantic century, and it embodies the titanic but rigorously controlled energy that was the hallmark of his style. He began to lose his hearing from c. 1795; by c. 1819 he was totally deaf. For his last 15 years he was unrivaled as the worlds most famous composer. In musical form he was a considerable innovator, widening the scope of sonata, symphony, concerto, and string quartet. His greatest achievement was to raise instrumental music, hitherto considered inferior to vocal, to the highest plane of art. Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)He was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and short story writer. Known for his wit and flamboyance, he was one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London, and one of the greatest celebrities of his day. As the result of a famous trial, he suffered a dramatic downfall and was imprisoned for two years of hard labor after being convicted of the homosexual offences. 2. While-reading2. 1 Understand the major details of the text1. Why does the writer compare an artist who seeks fame to a dog chasing its own tail?A: Because like a dog chasing its own tail, when the artist captures the fame, he does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.2. What is the writers statement about fame? A: The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction. 3. What device of writing is employed herein? A: Simile. To make his statement more convincing, the writer adopts the rhetorical device “simile”, as shown in the first sentence “An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it”. 4. How do celebrities pay for their distinct style?A: They pay for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms. 5. How does failure affect singled-minded seekers?A: Failure motivates them to work even harder to succeed. But unfortunately, not many follow their lead. 2. 2 Understand organization of the text1) Summary of the textHave you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are remarkably similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them object to people saying there is anything different about them. “Im really just a normal guy,” protests an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they are as great as their worshipping fans suggest. They start to wear fancy clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had originally risen above it all. What will it feel like to soar to such altitude and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to wake from your dream and realize you are only human? Some only see the cruelty in losing something they had gained. They often make desperate attempts to regain what they lost. Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become bankrupt financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.2) Text structure analysisPart One (Para.1): Chasing fame often leads to self-destruction. Part Two (Para.2-5): The conquest of fame is no easy job and along with fame and fortune there come some negative effects.Part Three (Para.6): An artist is hard to be both successful and uncompromising. Part Four (Para.7): The greatest winners initially failed in the conquest of fame.Part Five (Para.8): Examples of those who failed many times before their final success.Part Six (Para.9): Conclusion: The writers advice to those seeking fame and fortune. 3. Detail reading3. 1 Words and phraseschase v. to run after someone or something in order to catch theme.g. Police chased the thief and eventually recovered the missing money.The kids chased each other in the garden.pessimistic a. expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad resulte.g. I am deeply pessimistic about the future.我对未来感到极其悲观。This may sound like putting the cart before the horse and being unnecessarily pessimistic. 这听起来像是本末倒置，是不必要的悲观。worship vt. to admire and love someone very muche.g. We all want heroes to worship, be they sportsmen, film stars, or politicians. 我们都要有崇拜的英雄，无论他们是运动员、电影明星还是政治家。As a child, I worshipped my older brother. 我小时候崇拜我哥哥。spur vt. to encourage someone or make them want to do somethinge.g. We spurred them on to greater efforts.我们鼓励他们做出更大的努力。It was an article in the local newspaper that finally spurred him into action. 是当地报纸上一篇文章最终促使他采取了行动。drown vt. 1) to have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is difficult to deal withe.g. The country is drowning in debt. 这个国家债台高筑。We were drowning in data but starved of information.我们被数据包围，可是却缺乏信息。 2) to die from being under water for too long, or to kill someone in this waye.g. Forty-eight people have drowned after their boat overturned during a storm.他们的船在暴风雨中翻了，淹死了48个人。Last night a boy was drowned in the river.昨夜有一个男孩在河里淹死了。exploit vt. to use something well in order to gain as much from it as possiblee.g. You can exploit a talent which you already possess. 你可以利用已有的才能。We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible. 我们需要确保尽可能充分地利用资源。idle a. not working or producing anythinge.g. Half these factories are now standing idle. 一半的工厂在停工。 Thousands of workers are idle now that the car factories have closed. 汽车厂的关闭使数千人无事可做。bore vt. to make someone lose interest and become tired and impatiente.g. I wont bore you with all the technical details. 我就不拿这些技术上的细节来烦你了。 The long novel bored me to death.那部冗长的小说烦死我了。sustain vt. 1) to make something continue to exist for a period of timee.g. He found that he couldnt sustain his interest in the job.他发现自己无法维持对那份工作的兴趣。The speaker succeeded in sustaining the listeners attention right to the very end. 这位演讲者成功地使听众的注意力保持到了最后。2) to give someone strength, energy or hopee.g. A good breakfast will sustain us through the day. 一顿丰盛的早餐能维持我们一天的精力。Throughout the trial he was sustained by the support of his family.整个审讯过程中，他家人的支持使他得以支撑下去。minute a. very smalle.g. The scratch was almost too minute to see. 擦痕很轻微，几乎看不清。They shouldnt be loaded down with minute and unimportant details. 不应让他们被这些琐碎的事压垮。single-minded a. someone who works with you as a beginnera. + n.ed 具有什么特征的 blue-eyed kind-hearted broad-minded good-natured gray-hairedlight-heartedopen-minded cold-hearted near-sighted single-handeddesperate a. 1) needing or wanting something very much 2) very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situatione.g. He is desperate for a job to support his family.他急需一份工作养家糊口。The missing mans family are getting increasingly desperate.失踪者的家人越来越绝望。desperately ad. extremely; verye.g. She desperately wanted her article published.她非常希望自己的文章能被发表。I was desperately lonely. 我非常孤独。at best even when considered in the most positive wayThe meeting was at best partially successful.这次会议充其量只是部分成功。end up finally be in a particular situation or placeHe ended up unemployed for a long time.结果，他失业了很长一段时间。 object to oppose or disapprove of somethingI always objected to the idea that everything is predetermined and that we have no choice.我一直反对这种想法：一切都事先定好，我们没有任何选择。come on/upon find something or meet someone expectedlyWe came upon the idea of asking people to donate money over the Net. 我们无意中想到在网上请人们捐款。 be hard-pressed to do sth. 做某事有困难This year the airline will be hard-pressed to make a profit.今年这家航空公司要赢利困难重重。Youd be hard-pressed to find anyone better for the job.你很难找到更好的人做这项工作。other than 除了He didnt mention anyone elses contributions other than his own. 他只提到了自己的贡献，而没有提其他任何人的。We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home. 我们错过了最后一班公交车，所以除了走回家别无选择。It takes sb. out of 使得某人缺乏It takes me out of mind to make wrong decisions. 这使得我丧失了理智，从而做出了错误的决定。 It takes me out of myself: I cant come back to what I used to be.我失去了自我，再也做不回当初的自己。3. 2 Sentence patterns 1. An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。 Sb. who do sth. be like sb. else doing sth. else who, when / once , 做某事的人如同他人做， 一旦， 就 用于表述“事物之间的类比”。A teenager who is hot on online games is like one taking drugs who, once addicted to it, does not know what else to do but to continue seeking thrill from it.热衷于网络游戏的青少年，如同一个吸毒的，一旦成瘾，除了继续寻求刺激不知还能做什么。 2. “Dont quit your day job!” is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。 “” is advice frequently given by sb. to sb. else who do sth. “”是某人常常给做某事的人提出的建议。 用于表述“人在特定情况下常提的建议”。 “Idleness in youth spells regret in old age!” is advice frequently given by the old to those who show a lack of the desire to advance. “少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲！”是老人们常常给缺乏上进心的年轻人提出的建议。 3. When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public.若表演者、画家或作家感到厌烦，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。 When one becomes bored (with sth./ sb.), sth. or sb. begin to show a lack of continuity in and it becomes difficult to do sth. else. 若人（对某事/人）感到厌烦，某事人就难以继续保持，也就难以用于表述“事物的因果关系”。 When you remain true to your moral norms, temptation begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to exert any effect on you.若你始终坚持道德规范，诱惑会失去其原有吸引力，也就难在你身上起作用。 4. Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audiences favor. 有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。 Sb. who do attempt to do sth. by doing sth. else, run a risk of . 某人为了做某事，会，但这将冒的危险。用于表述“做某事存在的危险性”。 Some students who do attempt to enliven their school life by playing online games from time to time run a risk of getting addicted to it. 有些学生为了调剂学校生活，会偶尔玩一玩网上游戏，但这将冒上瘾的危险。5. The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou. 同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。 Sth./Sb. be/do sth. The same is true of (holds true for) sth./sb. else. 某人物是做某事。这也同样适用于用于表述“事物的普遍性”。 The art of living is to know how to enjoy a little and to endure much. The same is true of our marriage. 生活的艺术是懂得如何少享受而多忍受。这同样适用于我们的婚姻。 6. When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense. 在最糟糕的时候，他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。 When sth. / sb. be at their worst / best / prime, sb. find that 某事人处于最糟好的时侯，某人发现 用于表述“某人在特定情形下的感悟”。 When at his best, the person found that he could get done what he had never before.在他处于最佳状态时，这个人发现他也能成就先前从未做成的事。 7. His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most.为保持真我，他付出的代价是，在最需要崇拜者时，谁也不理他。 Ones price for doing sth. is to do sth. else. 为了做某事，某人所付出的代价是 用于表述“某人做某事的代价”。 Her price for gaining fame was to lose the freedom to lead a free and easy life.为了赢得名气，她所付出的代价是失去了无拘无束生活的自由。 8. Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out.失败的艺术家寻求安慰时，可以想想许多伟大的艺术家都是过世多年以后才成名，或是他们没有出卖自己。Sb. find comfort in knowing / thinking that or in knowing / thinking that 某人寻求安慰时，会想到，或 用于表述“某人自我安慰的方式”。 Lazybones always find comfort in knowing that a lucky dog needs no haste, or in knowing that an unlucky dog runs heartbroken. 懒汉寻求安慰时, 总会想“有福之人不用忙”，或“无福之人跑断肠”。 4. Post-reading4. 1 Useful expressions参与自我毁灭to participate in ones own destruction 最乐观地说at best出人头地 the conquest of fame精神崩溃emotionally bankrupt渴望粉丝追捧desire for worshiping fans发挥唱歌特长exploit ones talent for singing加速某人走红to hasten sb.s popularity某人青云直上sb.s ride on the express elevator to the top缺乏吸引力a lack of continuity in ones appeal 稍加改动某事make minute changes to sth.失宠to lose sb.s favor 污染心灵之井contaminate the well of ones soul 最糟糕at ones worst 冒名声之险替人说话risk ones name in sb.s defense 为某事感到高兴be happy with sth. 丢掉有固定收入的工作to quit / give up / leave ones day job激励某人向前to spur sb. on沉浸在成功后的无上荣光中to drown in fames imperial glory忠于 to remain / be true to sth. (form / type / life / ones word / oneself)被开除驱逐to be expelled from4. 2 WritingTopic: The Shadow of Romance Seeking on the Campus Outlines: 1. 你对追求校园浪漫的看法； 2. 对你的观点进行深入论述； 3. 你的建议。 Topic: A Heavy Price for Seeking Thrill OnlineOutlines: 1. 你对寻求网上刺激的看法； 2. 对你的观点进行深入论述； 3. 你的建议。 4. 3 Assignments1) Finish all the exercises of Section A.2) Preview Section B, including reading skills.56课时Section B The Power of a Good Name1. Reading skills: Making Inferences Reading between the lines means making inferences about the writers ideas from what is written and from what is not written. Writers dont always express all their thoughts openly, either as a matter of style, or because they assume we know and share their opinions. To make inferences about the writers ideas we have to be very careful with what is advised in the following:1) You have to make use of contextual clues, common sense and your knowledge.2) Connect ideas and draw conclusions from the reading passage.3) Test what you have understood between the lines. Reading is a two-way communication between the reader and the writer about understanding, forming ideas, testing your ideas during the reading of the passage, correcting or changing your ideas and understanding and, finally, getting what the writer is driving at or communicating. ExampleThey develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur. (Para. 3)Question: Why is a rise in popularity like a ride on an express elevator?Possible answer: Because it is something you cannot control. Also, it is fast and not very enjoyable.2. Text reading2.1 Summary of the text Through describing the writers experience of buying some wire and fencing o credit, the passage discusses the necessity of restoring a sense of shame in the neighborhoods of America and power of a good name.2.2 Text structure analysisPart One (Para.1-6): I bought some wire and fencing on credit thanks to my fathers good name.Part Two (Para.7-8): We children enjoy and try to honor my fathers good name.Part Three (Para.9-10): America needs to restore a sense of shame in its neighborhoods and people need to realize the power of a good name. Part Four (Para.11): The good name passed on by my father and maintained to this day by my brothers and sisters and me is worth as much now as it used to be.2. 3 Detail reading2. 3. 1 Words and phrasespen up: shut an animal or a person in a small area 圈起来； 使出不去e.g. The flu kept him penned up at home for two weeks, which in turn gave him enough time to conceive a new novel. 流感使他只好在家里呆了两星期，这也给了他足够的时间构思新小说。 The reason for him to feel penned up here is that he is unwilling to go along with those in their evil deeds.他在这里感到憋屈的原因是他不愿意同流合污。 like doing sth. most 最喜欢做某事 like nothing other than doing sth. 就喜欢做某事like nothing but sth. 就喜欢某事e.g. Whenever running into anything against his will, he likes nothing better than drowning his sorrow in drink.每当遇到不顺心的事儿，他最喜欢借酒浇愁。 The corrupt official likes nothing better than trading his power for money. 这个贪官最喜欢权钱交易。 cool off: become cooler after being very hot 凉快凉快 cool down: 冷静下来cool ones heels: 空等cool off towards sb.: 对某人冷淡下来e.g. Weather being too hot, we had to stop on the way and waited for the engine to cool off. 由于天气太热，我们不得不在途中停下来，让发动机冷却一下。 At first, they took to each other, but before long they cooled off towards one another. 起初他们彼此爱慕，但不久却又相互冷淡下来。 for a spell: for a short while 一会儿；一段时间 e.g. In his boyhood, he stayed in the country for a spell, which left its mark on him. 孩童时期他在乡下呆了一段时间，这给他留下了深刻的印象。 He felt thoroughly refreshed after resting for a spell.他休息了一会儿，感到精神完全恢复了。 shoot: to pass quickly by or along 迅速穿越；穿过 e.g. a boat shooting the torrent 一艘穿过激流的船 Qinghai-Tibet Railway shoots over Tanggula Mountains where there is no sign of human habitation.青藏铁路翻越了唐古拉山，那里荒无人烟。 a fact of life: an unpleasant situation t