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1IRF2341.What is the topic of the quotations（引文）（引文）?2.Which is the most optimistic?3.Which is the most pessimistic?4.Which(if any)do you think are funny?5 Which is good news for students of English?6.Can you guess which quotations are from British people?5cabfreewayundergroundpetrolstand in linecenterprogrammeDo you have?at the weekend678rubbereraser910skimming1112We have really everything in common with America nowadays,except of course,language.有许多相同之处有许多相同之处 除了除了.之外之外 have everything/a lot/much in common Except 13We have a lot in common with each other.In common with many people,he prefers classical music to pop.14 common sense/knowledge 常识常识 common disease常见病常见病 common mistake 常犯的错误常犯的错误 common saying 俗话俗话15 common ordinary general mon 强调强调“常见的，不足为奇的常见的，不足为奇的”2.ordinary 强调强调“平常的，平淡无奇的平常的，平淡无奇的”3.general 意为意为“普遍的，一般的，普遍的，一般的，公众的公众的4.usual 一贯如此的，习惯性的一贯如此的，习惯性的16 except,besides,except for,except that,but except 除去除去之外（不再有），表示之外（不再有），表示从整体中除去一部分，除去的是同一类从整体中除去一部分，除去的是同一类事物，常与事物，常与no,all,none,nothing,everything,anything等连用，一般不位等连用，一般不位于句首于句首17 besides 除除以外（还有）。以外（还有）。except for 除了除了（表示对句子主题（表示对句子主题 进行细节校正或附加说明，而且前后进行细节校正或附加说明，而且前后 提到的事物往往不同类）提到的事物往往不同类）except that 除了除了以外，后接句子。以外，后接句子。对已说过的内容进一步作详细解释，对已说过的内容进一步作详细解释，而且前后提到的事物往往不同类而且前后提到的事物往往不同类18 but 表示除了表示除了以外时以外时 有时可与有时可与 except通用通用 需要特别注意的需要特别注意的but固定短语固定短语 have no choice but to do sth.have nothing to do but do sth.只得做某事只得做某事 but for 如果不是如果不是 cant help but do sth.不得不做不得不做19 3.divide&separate divide 指把整体分成部分，常与指把整体分成部分，常与into/between/among连用连用 e.g.Lets divide the cake into three.separate 把不同的人或物分开，常与把不同的人或物分开，常与 from连用连用 e.g.The teacher separated the boys from the girls.20Make a difference 有影响或使不同有影响或使不同 The sea air has made a difference to her health.It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.Make some difference to sb/Sth.对某人对某人/某物有作用某物有作用 影响影响这场雨对比赛没有多大影响这场雨对比赛没有多大影响The rain didnt make much difference to the game.Tell the difference.214.accent&language accent 指一个人讲话的指一个人讲话的“口音口音”language 指一个民族、国家的指一个民族、国家的“语言语言”22232425invocabularyon Which are 26 n.difference 差异，差别，分别差异，差别，分别 tell the difference 分辨，区分分辨，区分1.be different in 在在方面不同方面不同 different from/to sb./sth.与某人与某人/物不同的物不同的 the sameas 与与相同相同 be similar to 类似于，与类似于，与相似相似 different adj.不同的不同的 be different from vi.differ 不同，相异不同，相异 differ from 与与不同不同 differ in 在在方面不同方面不同 differ with 与与不一致不一致272.obvious adj.明白的，显然的明白的，显然的 obvious 指极为明显的、大家都能够指极为明显的、大家都能够看见的事情，强调不需要说明或论证看见的事情，强调不需要说明或论证 clear 清楚的，明白的清楚的，明白的 既可以指事既可以指事物清晰易见，也可以指人对事物清楚物清晰易见，也可以指人对事物清楚明白，强调不会引起误会明白，强调不会引起误会28 obvious adj.显然的显然的;显而易见的显而易见的There is no obvious solution.Be obvious to sb/sth.对某人来说很清楚对某人来说很清楚It is obvious that 很显然的很显然的每个人都能看出他很失望每个人都能看出他很失望.很显然他在撒谎很显然他在撒谎.It is obvious to all that he is very disappointed.It is obvious that he is lying.293.prefer to do 更愿意更愿意/喜欢做喜欢做 prefer+doing/to do sth.宁愿做某事宁愿做某事 sb.to do sth.宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某事 to 喜欢喜欢不喜欢不喜欢 doing to doing 宁愿做宁愿做 而不愿做而不愿做 to do rather than do 宁愿做宁愿做而不愿做而不愿做 30 e.g.I prefer going by bus.我宁愿坐公共汽车去。我宁愿坐公共汽车去。I prefer horse-riding to shooting.我喜爱骑马胜过射击。我喜爱骑马胜过射击。She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.她宁愿和我们一起去，而不愿留下。她宁愿和我们一起去，而不愿留下。31confusingwhichFrench fries324.while conj.然而然而 (=but)while+在在期间期间（=when)虽然，尽管虽然，尽管（=though)只要只要（=as long as)while 时间段时间段when 时间点时间点+时间段时间段引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 时必须位于句首时必须位于句首33 e.g.Someone is singing while you are sleeping.当你谁叫的时候，有人在唱歌。当你谁叫的时候，有人在唱歌。There will be life while there is water and air.只要有水和空气，就会有生命。只要有水和空气，就会有生命。While he was bad,I would help him.尽管他很坏，我也要帮助他。尽管他很坏，我也要帮助他。345.queue up (for sth.)排队等候排队等候 美式英语美式英语 stand in line因为与字母因为与字母“Q”同音，有时会见到同音，有时会见到 “Please Q-up!”的说法。的说法。356.confusing 令人迷惑的令人迷惑的 confusing（物）令人迷惑的（物）令人迷惑的 指物令人感到困惑的指物令人感到困惑的 confused (人）迷惑不解的人）迷惑不解的 指人感到不知所措的，困惑的指人感到不知所措的，困惑的类似的：类似的：interesting interested.36377.for example 例如例如 for example 一般例举一个例子，一般例举一个例子，位置较灵活，前后常用逗号隔开位置较灵活，前后常用逗号隔开 such as 可以举一个或多个例子，可以举一个或多个例子，其后一般为名词，为不完全举例，其后一般为名词，为不完全举例，放在列举事物前放在列举事物前 namely/that is 用于完全举例用于完全举例 I teach two classes,namely/that is class four and five.38automobilesmotorwaypetrolsubwaycabflashlightqueue upFrench fries39Do you have?My friend has just arrivedon the team/weekendWrite to me soon!408.omit vt.删去，略去，排除删去，略去，排除 omit to do sth.忘记做某事，故意不做某事忘记做某事，故意不做某事 omit doing sth.忽略做某事，故意不做某事忽略做某事，故意不做某事 omit sth.删去删去/遗漏某物遗漏某物 omit from 从从中删去中删去41 Comparison n.Compare.With 和和.相比相比 Compare to 把把比作比作Beyond/without compare 无与伦比无与伦比Compared to/with.与与相比相比Compare notes 交流意见交流意见4243centre,colour programmecenter,color program44 seem look appear以客观以客观为依据为依据以视觉印以视觉印象为依据象为依据多用于强调与多用于强调与 事实不相符事实不相符It looks as iflook+adj./prep.It appears thatappear to do/adj.9.seem vi.好像，似乎好像，似乎 It seems that/as if seem to do/adj./prep.45 e.g.It seems that you will win.He looked as if he was ill,because his face was red.Your mother is sixty years old,but she appears a lot younger.4610.instead of 代替代替 同义短语：同义短语：take the place of take ones place in place of instead of+n./pron./gerund(动名词动名词)adj.常用于句末，有时也用于句首常用于句末，有时也用于句首 I have no drink.Would you like water instead?4711.as many+n.U+as 和和一样多的一样多的 as many/much as as long as as far as as+adj.+a(n)+n.(sing)+as 多达多达.长达长达，只要，只要 远达，就远达，就而论而论 和和一样一样 Teaching is as much an art as science.4812.differ vi.差异差异49“I thought it was odd”,he remarked.make a few remarks about sb.on a subject.“我觉得很怪我觉得很怪”，他说。，他说。讲几句有关某人讲几句有关某人/某话题的话某话题的话13.50believevarietiesled topassingUp speaking well5114.more than =over 超过，多于，后接超过，多于，后接数词、名词、数词、名词、动名词动名词或或句子句子=very 很，非常，后接很，非常，后接形容词形容词或或副词副词not more than 不超过不超过I have no more than 10 dollars.no more than 仅仅仅仅no morethan 与与同样不同样不morethan 与其说与其说不如说不如说He is more a farmer than a scientist.5215.suggest 建议建议+doing+that从句，用虚拟从句，用虚拟（should）+do暗示，表明暗示，表明 +that从句，用陈述语气从句，用陈述语气I suggested that you should study hard.His pale face suggested that he was ill.5316.find 发现发现 find+宾语宾语 do doing done 强调整个过程强调整个过程 强调正在进行强调正在进行 强调跟宾语之间的强调跟宾语之间的 被动关系被动关系I found a boy crying in that room.I found a thief caught by a policeman.5455because,as,for,since,now thatbecause,as,for,since,now that 表原因时的区别表原因时的区别56because,as,for,sincebecause,as,for,since 表示表示“原因原因”时的区别时的区别 because,as,for,since because,as,for,since这几个这几个词都是表示词都是表示“原因原因”的连词，语气由强至的连词，语气由强至弱依次为：弱依次为：becausesinceasforbecausesinceasfor其中其中because,since,asbecause,since,as均为从属均为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；而连词，引导原因状语从句；而for for 是是并列连词，引导并列句。并列连词，引导并列句。571.1.because because 表示直接原因，它所指的原因通常是表示直接原因，它所指的原因通常是 听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。用听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。用 来回答来回答whywhy的提问，一般放于主句之的提问，一般放于主句之 后，也可以单独存在。后，也可以单独存在。58例如：例如：(1)I stayed at home because it rained.(1)I stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我呆在家里。因为下雨我呆在家里。(2)Because Lingling(2)Because Lingling was ill,she didnt was ill,she didnt come to e to school.玲玲因病，没有上学。玲玲因病，没有上学。(3)Why is she absent?(3)Why is she absent?她为什么缺席？她为什么缺席？Because she is sick.Because she is sick.因为她病了。因为她病了。此外，在强调句型中，只能用此外，在强调句型中，只能用because.because.例如：例如：(4)It was because I missed the early(4)It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.bus that I was late for school.我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。592.since2.since侧重主句，从句表示显然的侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由，常译为或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为因为”、“既然既然”，语气比，语气比becausebecause稍弱，通常稍弱，通常置于句首，表示一种含有勉强语气的原置于句首，表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。例如：因。例如：60(1)Since he asks you,youll tell him(1)Since he asks you,youll tell him why.why.他既然问你，那就告诉他为什么吧。他既然问你，那就告诉他为什么吧。(2)Since everyone is here,lets start.(2)Since everyone is here,lets start.既然大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧！既然大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧！(3)Since I understood very little(3)Since I understood very little Japanese,I couldnt follow the Japanese,I couldnt follow the conversation.conversation.我日语懂得不多，因而听不懂对话。我日语懂得不多，因而听不懂对话。613.as3.as是常用词，它表示的是常用词，它表示的“原因原因”是双方是双方 已知的事实或显而易见的原因，或者已知的事实或显而易见的原因，或者 理由不是很重要，含义与理由不是很重要，含义与sincesince相同，相同，但语气更弱，没有但语气更弱，没有sincesince正式，比较正式，比较 口语化，常译为口语化，常译为“由于，鉴于由于，鉴于”。62(1)We all like her as she is kind.(1)We all like her as she is kind.我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。(2)As I had a cold,I was absent from(2)As I had a cold,I was absent from school.school.因为我感冒了，所以没去上课。因为我感冒了，所以没去上课。(3)As XiaoWang(3)As XiaoWang was not ready,we went was not ready,we went without him.without him.由于小王没有准备好，我们只好不带他去了。由于小王没有准备好，我们只好不带他去了。634.for4.for表示原因，是并列连词。它所表表示原因，是并列连词。它所表 示的原因用来做附加的说明，为前面示的原因用来做附加的说明，为前面 的事实提供一种推断的理由且的事实提供一种推断的理由且forfor不不 可置于句首。可置于句首。The days are short,for it is now December.白天短了，因为现在已是十二月份。白天短了，因为现在已是十二月份。645.now that 意为意为“既然既然”,与与since同义，同义，但更突出事实本身。但更突出事实本身。that可以省略。可以省略。Now that I am well again,I can go on with my work.Now that you have come,you may as well stay.65
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