初三英语总复习

初三英语总复习一动词短语（一） 后常跟动词原形的短语。1. make sb do sth 使某人做某事2. have sb do sth 使某人做某事3. Let sb( not) do sth 让某人做（不做）某事4. had better（not）do sth 最好做（不做）某事NOTE : make和have的宾补与宾语的关系是被动时用过去分词。 make sth/ sb done 使被 have sth done 被做了e. x ：I have my purse stolen. 我的钱包被偷了(二) 后跟V-ing的动词短语。1. practise doing sth 练习做某事2. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事3. finish doing sth 结束做某事4. mind doing sth 介意做某事5. go doing sth ( go swimming ) 去做某事6. miss doing sth 错过做某事7. keep（on）doing sth 一直做某事8. devote oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事9. be busy（in）doing sth 忙于做某事10. be late（in）doing sth 迟于做某事11. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 have difficulty (in) doing sthhave problem (in) doing sth12. have fun( in) doing sth 很高兴做某事13. spend(in)doing sth 花做某事14. be worth doing sth 值得做某事15. put off doing sth 推迟做某事16. Thank you for doing sth 感谢你做某事17. give up doing sth 放弃做某事NOTE: 介词后动词用-ing。如：in ，at，without, by, off, for等。18. feel like doing sth 想要做某事19. prefer doing A to doing B 比起做B更喜欢做A注意：prefer to do A rather than do B 比起做B更喜欢做Aprefer A to B 比起B更喜欢Aprefer (not) to do sth 宁可（不）做某事would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不做B20. be always doing sth 总是做某事（带有感情色彩）(三) 后跟to do的动词短语。1. ask sb ( not) to do sth 要求某人做（不做）某事2. tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人做（不做）某事3. would like to do sth 想要做某事would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事4. wish to do sth 希望做某事wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事hope to do sth 希望做某事5. dare（ to） do sth 敢于做某事6. offer to do sth 主动做某事7. decide to do sth 决定做某事8. help (sb)（to）do sth 帮助（某人）做某事9. learn to do sth 学着做某事10. teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事11. agree to do sth 同意做某事12. promise（sb）to do sth 答应（某人）做某事 13. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事14. prepare to do sth 准备做某事15. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事16. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事17. advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事18. allow sb to do sth 允许做某事19. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事20. be worthy to do sth 值得做某事21. be able to do sth 能做某事22. be unable to do sth 不能做某事23. tooto do sth 太而不能做某事24. enough to do sth 足以做某事25. use sth to do sth 用做某事26. the+序数词to do sth 第几次做某事27. 疑问词+ to do sth .做某事28. do/try ones best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力做某事29. warn sb（not）to do sth 警告某人做某事30. be supposed to do sth 应当做某事31. order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事32. wait for sb to do sth 等待某人做事33. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事=do sth by turns=take turns at doing sth(四)区别用短语 1. forget to do sth 忘记做某事forget doing sth2. remember to do sth 记住做某事remember doing sth3. regret to do sth 后悔做某事regret doing sthNOTE: 1.2.3用法相同，to do表未做 ，doing表已做。4. see sb do sth 看见某人做某事see sb doing sth5. watch sb do sth 看某人做某事watch sb doing sth6. hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事hear sb doing sth7. find sb do sth 发现某人做某事 find sb doing sthNOTE: 4.5.6.7的用法相同，do表全过程，doing表正在进行的动作。8. like to do sth 喜欢做某事like doing sth9. dislike to do sth 不喜欢做某事dislike doing sth10.love to do sth 爱做某事love doing sth11. hate to do sth 憎恨做某事hate doing sthNOTE: 8.9.10.11的用法相同，to do强调一次性的行为，而doing强调习惯或爱好。e.x : I like playing basketball ,but today I like to swim.12. stop to do sth 停止去做某事stop doing sth 停止不做某事13. try to do sth 试图/尽力做某事try doing sth 试着做某事14. need to do sth 需要做某事 need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事 need doing sth=need to be done 需要被做二其它重点短语1. share sth with sb 和某人分享某物2. divideinto 把分成3.make a mistake / make mistakes 犯错误4. depend on 依靠5. compared to /with 和什么比起来 compare A with B A和B比较 A be compared with B compare A to B 把A比作BA be compared to B6. praise sb for sth 因表扬某人7. agree with sb 同意某人 agree to sth 同意某事 agree on sth 在某事上达成一致8. fight with sb 和某人打架fight over/about sth 因某事打架fight against sb 与某人对抗9.belong to 属于10. provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物provide sb with sth11. trust sb/sth 相信某人/某事12. at last/in the end/finally 最后13. hang up 挂14. hand in 交上15. regard as 把视为 be regarded as 被视为16. keep sth/sb in ones memory/mind 把记在心中17. in ones memory 在某人的记忆中18. grow up 长大19. have/get a good education 受到良好的教育20. graduate from 毕业于21. put (more) effort into 把精力投入在22. pay (more) attention to 注意23. draw ones attention 吸引某人的注意力24. make progress in 在进步make a great progress in 在有更大的进步25. get a good mark/get good mards 取得好成绩26. be angry with sb=be mad at sb 生某人的气be angry at sth 生某事的气27. make a decision 做决定28. be good at=do well in 擅长 be bad at 不擅长29. be good for 对有好处be bad for 对有坏处30. be late for 迟于31. have a good idea 有个好注意32. at the same time 同时33. Good luck to sb 给某人说好运34. catch up with 赶上35. break/set/hold a world record 打破/创立/保持世界纪录36. two more times =another two times 再多两次37. a five-year-old boy 一个5岁大的男孩 （数词加“-”加可数名词单数作定语） 38. be located in/at 坐落于/位于39. the length/height/weight of 的长度/高度/重量40. be full of =be filled with 装满41. keep/find/make adj. 使怎么样42. be made of 由制成be made frombe made into 把制成be made in 在哪制造43. be healthy /stay healthy/keep healthy保持健康44. have trouble with 在有困难45. explain to sb .sth.=explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事46. obey school rules 准守校规47. make friends with sb 和某人交朋友48. in ones forties 在某人四十几岁时49. look after =take care of 照顾50. welcome sb to some place 欢迎某人到某地welcome to my home 欢迎你来我家51. say hello/thank you/sorry to sb向某人说你好/谢谢/抱歉52.introduce sb. to sb.else 把某人介绍给另一人53be famous/well-known for 因而著名be famous/well-known as 作为而著名54. on ones way to 在去途中 55. wait for sb 等待某人56. be/get lost 迷路 57. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗58. laugh at sb 嘲笑某人59. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架60. take ones temperature 给某人量体温61. have/get a pain in 某处疼痛62. hav（got） a headache 头痛63. stop/keep/preventfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事64. fall/be asleep 入睡65. again and again 再三地，反复地66. wake up 醒来，叫醒67. instead of 代替68. take/do exercise 做运动69. give back sth=return sth 归还某物70. be far from 远离71. in English 用英语72. leavefor 离开前往leave for 前往73. places of interest 名胜古迹74. help sb with 在某方面帮助某人75. work hard at 在努力学习/工作76. go for a walk 去散步77. at/on the weekend 在周末78. have a good future 有个好的未来79. make a plan 做计划80. look up in the dictionary 查字典81. communicate with sb 和某人交流82. be intereted in 对感兴趣83.call sb/make a phone call to sbgive sb a call/ring sb up给某人打电话84. coverwith 用覆盖be covered with 被覆盖85. take a train/taxi/bus 乘坐火车/出租车/公交车86. in a hurry 匆忙地87. have success in 在某方面成功88. get/be dressed 穿衣89. catch a cold 着凉90. at the age of =at age 在岁时91. set an example for 为树立榜样92. have an accident 发生意外93. Be careful=Take care=Look out 当心！94. learn/knowby heart 记住95. a set number of+名词复数+单三动词的数量the number of+名词复数+单三动词 的数量a number of +名词复数+复数动词 大量的96. for example 例如such as97. be different from 与不同be the same as 与相同98. have/hold a meeting 召开会议99. argue with sb 和某人争吵100. help oneself to 自用/随便吃101. take the medicine 吃药 102. take pictures/photos=take a picture/photos照相103. in ones spare time 在业余时间104. fall/be i11 生病，患病105. rain heavily/hard 下大雨106. by the way 顺便说107. marry sb 和某人结婚 be married to sb get married to sb108.leave a message for 为留言109. get on well with sb 和某人和睦相处110. take part in 参加112. leave sb. by oneself 留下某人一个人113. leave sb. alone 只留下/不理某人114. be related to 与有关115. make ones dream come true/realize ones dream 实现理想三重点句型 1I think意为“我认为”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I dont think但要注意否定的转移。 用法相同的有：expect，imagine,believeEg.I dont think he is a good student 我认为他不是一个好学生2Its time to doIts time for （doing） sthIt s time for sb to do sth. 该做的时间了 Eg.Its time for us to go home. 我们该回家了3.Turn rightleft at the firstsecondcrossing.这一指路的句型意为“在第一二个十字路口向右左拐。”相当于Take the first secondturning on the rightleft. 4.It takes/took sbsome time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语.Eg. It took me one hour to do my homework today. 今天的作业花了我一小时的时间。5thinkfind/make + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的it是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语。Eg. I find it easy to learn English well. 6Whats wrong with？=Whats the matter/ trouble with？后跟某物作宾语时，意为“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作宾语时，意为“某人怎么了？”Eg. Whats wrong with your bike？7Sorry to hear that.=Im sorry to hear that. 听到此事我很难过/遗憾常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。 8. Why dont you do sth. ? 为何不做某事=Why not do sth. ?例如： Why dont you come with me? 该句型与：Shall we do sth? Lets do sth. What/How about doing sth? 一起给别人提建议。9主语seem（to be）adj to do sth主语seemto do 似乎做某事 It seems that从句 seem为连系动词，意为“好像，似乎”，可接形容词作表语。it是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的从句。Eg:The teacher seems to be serious那位老师看起来很严肃。 They seem to finish the workIt seems that they finished the work看起来他们完成了工作。10. Would you like to do sth?肯定回答：Yes,I d love/like to.否定回答：Id love/like to,butWould you like sth?肯定回答：Yes,please.否定回答：No,thanks.常用：Would you like something to eat/drink?11. sth is one of the +adj.最高级+名词复数 Eg.English is one of the most important subjects .12. It is +adj. for sb. to do sth. 干某事对于某人来说怎么样.Eg: It is impossible for me to finish the work on time.13. Would/Could you please do sth? 请做某事好吗？Eg : Would you please open the window?14. It is the +序数词+time that +现在完成时.It is the first time that I have been a babysitter.15. It was the +序数词+time that +过去完成时.It was the first time that I had been a babysitter.16. It is/has been+段时间+ since +一般过去时It is three days since I came home.17. It was/ had been+段时间+ since +过去完成时It was three days since I had finished my homework.18. What does mean? What do you mean by ? 是意思 Whats the meaning of ? 四词性（一）名词1. 正确识别可数和不可数名词。 常见不可数名词：information, money, trouble, rice, homework,housework,advice,news,weather,paper,newspaper2. 可数名词单变复得构成： 1），一般情况下词尾加-s。 2），以x，s，sh，ch，z结尾的加-es。 3），辅音字母加y结尾的将y变为-ies。 元音字母加y结尾的直接加-s。 4），以o结尾的一般加-s，tomato，potato，Negro，hero加-es。 5），以f或fe结尾的将其变为-ves。leafleaves 6），不规则变化：childchildren, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice,woman-women 7), 单复同形：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese,Japanese Note: 1.与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：Englishman-Englishmen，但German的复数为：Germans 2. man和woman要与修饰的名词的数一致。例如：a woman teacher-two women teachers。3. 名词的修饰语只可修饰可数名词：few,a few, many只可修饰不可数名词：little，a little,much即可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的名词：some，any,a lot of , lots of ,plenty of Eg：a few students ，much money ,a lot of boys/ waterNote: little表少时修饰不可数名词，可当表小时也可修饰可数名词。例如： a little boy, some little boys4. 名词所有格： 1. 有生命的名词所有格用-s。 2. 有生命和无生命的名词所有格可用-of。 Note：1. 表示时间，地点，国家，城市等可用-s。（todays news） 2. 表示节日的名词可用：Childrens Day,Fathers Day,Mothers Day,WorkersDay。 3. 表示共有时将末尾变,各有时分别变。 4. 表示住宅，店铺等的名词的s属格后可省略。 Eg : I will go to the dentists .我将去牙医的诊所。（二）代词1. 人称代词：表示“谁”分为主格和宾格，主格作主语，宾格做宾语。Eg：Li Ming is a student.He always helps others,so we all like him very much.(1、2为主格，3为宾格)2. 物主代词：表示“谁的”分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形物修饰名词作定语，名物=形物+ 名词。Eg : This is my book,and that is yours.(1为形物，2为名物)3. 反身代词：表示“谁自己”表强调或动作反自身。Eg：I myself like going swimming.（强调） I teach myself English.（动作反自身）常见的有：help oneself to , dress oneself,teach oneself, learn by oneself,express oneself, enjoy oneself, devote oneself to doing sth, hurt oneself4.不定代词：由any-,some-,every-,no- 和 thing , -one, -body复合而成的词。 用法：1.复合不定代词作主语谓语动词用单三。 2.形容词修饰复合不定代词放在其后。Ex : Everything in the world is easy if you put your heart into it .世上无难事只怕有心人。 There is something interesting in todays newspaper.代词用法一览表单复数人称名称 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称人称代词 主格 I you he she it we You they 宾格 me you him her it us You them物主代词 形物 my your his her its our Your their 名物 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves（三）形容词/副词形容词和副词的用法。1， 形容词：描述人和事物特征的词。用法：1） 作定语Eg: a red apple .2） 作表语Eg: The apple is red.2， 副词：用来修饰动词的词。Eg: He runs quickly.注意：一般情况下用形容词填空就是用它的原级、比较级、最高级 或对应的副词填空。现将各自用法总结如下：用 法 形容 词 副 词原级： 无比较对象。 asas,not soas very,more,most,too,quite,so等修饰语后用。 1.Li Ming is tall.2.Im as tall as Danny.3.He is very clever. 1.Li Ming runs quickly.2.I run as quickly asLi Ming.3.Danny runs so quickly.比较级： 两者之间的比较。The +形/副比，the+形/副比（表示：越越） 形/副比+and+形/副比（表示：越来越） much，a little ,still, even等修饰语的后面常用。 the adjer +of the two 1.He is tallerthan me.（结构为：A+be+形比+than+B）2.The busier I am ,the happier I feel. 3.The weather isgetting colder and colder.4.Im much better now.5.Lily is the taller of the two girls. 1. He runs more quickly than me.2. The faster he runs,the faster he want to run.3. He runs faster and faster. 4. He runs much faster.最高级： 三者或者以上的比较，后常有in或of表范围的短语。 one of + 形容词最高级+ 名词复数 序数词后表示第几最。 1.Li Ming is the tallest student in our class.2.Jenny is one of the best girl here.3.Tom is the first bestman in the town. 1.Danny runs fastest ofthe three.2和3的用法不可用于副词最高级。（四）数词:1.hundred , thousand , million , billion的用法。1.表确数：基数词+单位单数 （five hundred ）2.表约数：单位复数+of （thousands of ）2.基数词变序数词： th四加起，八去t九去e，y结尾变ie。 Eg：twentytwentieth3分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加-s。 例如：three fourths， one fifth 注意：1. 1/2：a half ，1/4: 可说a quarter 2.分数加of作主语，当of后的名词为可数复数时，谓语动词用复数；当of后的名词为不可数或可数单数时，谓动用单。4. 百分数：基数词+ 百分数+of当作主语时用法与分数一样。 Three fifths of students in our school are girls.（五）情态动词：常见的情态动词can ,may,could,would,will,shall, had better, have to ,must,shouldNote:1. 其后动词用原形。 2. 一般疑问句将其提前。 3. 特例的肯否回答：-Need I go with you ? -Yes, you must. - No, you neednt. -Must I go home ? -Yes, you must. - No, you neednt.1.推测： 1. 对现在的100%的肯定推测用：must + 动词原形 2. 对现在的100%的否定推测用：cant+ 动词原形 3. 对过去的100%的肯定推测用：must + have done（六）冠词:用来说明名词所表示的人或物，常用于名词之前，不能离开名词而独立存在。 分类：冠词分为不定冠词 “a，an”、定冠词 “the”和零冠词三种。（零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。） 用法: 不定冠词的用法：（不定冠词有 “a和an”两种形式。例如：an apple, an orange, an honest man , an honor teacher, an hour,an umbrella, an intereting book, an egg,a university,a useful book）1.用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示”一” 例如：There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 2.用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业。 例如：My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。 3.第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个。 例如：Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。 4. 表示”每一”的意思 例如：We go swimmingfour times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。 定冠词的用法：1. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 例如：Open the door, please. 请把门打开。 2. 第二次提过的人或事物。 例如：Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him. 从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。 3.用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 4.表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物。 例如：the sun太阳the moon月亮 5.表示方向、方位。 例如：in the east在东方 in the west在西方 6.在姓氏复数前加the表示一家人。 例如：The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。 7.和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物。 例如：the poor穷人the rich富人the sick病人 the beautiful美丽的事物 the old老人8.表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the 例如：play the piano弹钢琴 零冠词用法歌诀以下情况不用冠，名词之前代词限